Kuzey Doğu Anadolu Yukarı Aksu Çayı Alabalık, Salmo trutta L. Populasyonunda Büyüme ve Ölüm Oranları

Age, sex, mortality, and growth characteristics of brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) from the upper Aksu Stream were investigated. Females and males comprised 52.13% and 47.87% of the population, respectively. Age ranged from 1 to 8. The fork length (L) and total weight (W) were 5.7-22.8 cm and 2.9-142.6 g, respectively. Length-weight relationships were W = 0.015 × L 2.939 , W = 0.015 × L 2.928 , and W = 0.015 × L 2.932 for females, males, and overall, respectively. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L ∞ = 33.27 cm, K = 0.107 y -1 , and t 0 = –1.046 y for females; L ∞ = 29.50 cm, K = 0.143 y -1 , and t 0 = –0.562 y for males; and L ∞ = 32.13 cm, K = 0.124 y -1 , and t 0 = –0.724 y for overall. Phi prime ( Φ `) was 2.09 for females, males, and overall. Instantaneous total mortality rate (Z) was 0.58 y -1 .Yukarı Aksu Çayı’nda yaşayan alabalıklar›n (Salmo trutta) yaş, boy, cinsiyet, büyüme ve ölüm oranları incelenmiştir. Dişi ve erkekler populasyonun sırasıyla % 52,13 ve % 47,87’sini oluşturmuştur. Yaş 1-8 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Çatal boy (L) ve toplam ağırlık (W) 5,7-22,8 cm ve 2,9-142,6 g arasında değişim göstermiştir. Boy-ağırlık dişi, erkek ve tüm populasyon için sırasıyla W = 0,015 × L 2,939 , W = 0,015 × L 2,928 ve W = 0,015 × L 2,932 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Von Bertalanffy büyüme parametreleri dişiler için; L ∞ = 33,27 cm, K = 0,107 yıl -1 , t 0 = –1,046 yıl, erkeler için; L ∞ = 29,50 cm, K = 0,143 yıl -1 , t 0 = -0,562 yıl ve tüm populasyon için; L ∞ = 32,13 cm, K = 0,124 yıl -1 , t 0 = –0,724 yıl olarak tespit edilmiştir. Fi Üssü ( Φ `) dişiler, erkeler ve tüm bireyler için 2,09 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Anlık toplam ölüm oran› 0,58 yıl -1 olarak tespit edilmişti

Distinct alterations in sublingual microcirculatory blood flow and hemoglobin oxygenation in on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery

The authors hypothesized that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (on-pump) is associated with more severe changes in the microcirculatory blood flow and tissue oxygenation as compared with off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. An observational study. A university hospital and teaching hospital. Patients undergoing on-pump (n = 24) or off-pump (n = 24) cardiac surgery. Microcirculatory measurements were performed before CPB and 10 minutes after the switch to CPB or before and during cardiac luxation in off-pump patients. Sublingual microcirculatory perfusion was investigated using side-stream dark field imaging, and sublingual microcirculatory oxygenation was measured using reflectance spectrophotometry. Conversion to CPB resulted in an increase in cardiac output from 4.0 ± 0.2 to 4.8 ± 0.3 L/min (p < 0.01) and a 40% reduction in arterial hemoglobin concentration. Cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with an increase in venular blood velocity from 349 ± 201 μm/s to 563 ± 227 μm/s (p < 0.05), a reduction in functional capillary density of 43%, and an increase in hemoglobin oxygenation of the red blood cells in the remaining filled capillaries from 47.2% ± 6.1% to 59.7% ± 5.2% (p < 0.001). The decrease in cardiac output during cardiac luxation from 4.5 ± 1.7 to 1.8 ± 0.8 L/min (p < 0.01) without hemoglobin changes was associated with a complete halt of capillary blood flow and a reduction in maximum capillary blood velocity from 895 ± 209 to 396 ± 178 μm/s (p < 0.01). The functional capillary density remained unchanged, whereas the hemoglobin oxygenation declined from 64.2% ± 9.1% to 48.6% ± 8.7% (p < 0.01). On-pump and off-pump cardiac surgery are associated with distinct alterations in sublingual microcirculatory perfusion and hemoglobin oxygenation. Although on-pump surgery results in a fall out of capillaries resulting in decreased oxygen extraction, off-pump surgery results in a cessation of flow during luxation resulting in decreased convection of oxygen transpor

Re-examining the characteristics of pediatric multiple sclerosis in the era of antibody-associated demyelinating syndromes.

Background: The discovery of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG and anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-IgG and the observation on certain patients previously diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) actually have an antibody-mediated disease mandated re-evaluation of pediatric MS series. Aim: To describe the characteristics of recent pediatric MS cases by age groups and compare with the cohort established before 2015. Method: Data of pediatric MS patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2021 were collected from 44 pediatric neurology centers across Turkiye. Clinical and paraclinical features were compared between patients with dis-ease onset before 12 years (earlier onset) and >= 12 years (later onset) as well as between our current (2015-2021) and previous (< 2015) cohorts. Results: A total of 634 children (456 girls) were enrolled, 89 (14%) were of earlier onset. The earlier-onset group had lower female/male ratio, more frequent initial diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), more frequent brainstem symptoms, longer interval between the first two attacks, less frequent spinal cord involvement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and lower prevalence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted oligoclonal bands (OCBs). The earlier-onset group was less likely to respond to initial disease-modifying treatments. Compared to our previous cohort, the current series had fewer patients with onset < 12 years, initial presentation with ADEM-like features, brainstem or cerebellar symptoms, seizures, and spinal lesions on MRI. The female/male ratio, the frequency of sensorial symptoms, and CSF-restricted OCBs were higher than reported in our previous cohort. Conclusion: Pediatric MS starting before 12 years was less common than reported previously, likely due to exclusion of patients with antibody-mediated diseases. The results underline the importance of antibody testing and indicate pediatric MS may be a more homogeneous disorder and more similar to adult-onset MS than previously thought