6 research outputs found
PALMER: Perception-Action Loop with Memory for Long-Horizon Planning
To achieve autonomy in a priori unknown real-world scenarios, agents should
be able to: i) act from high-dimensional sensory observations (e.g., images),
ii) learn from past experience to adapt and improve, and iii) be capable of
long horizon planning. Classical planning algorithms (e.g. PRM, RRT) are
proficient at handling long-horizon planning. Deep learning based methods in
turn can provide the necessary representations to address the others, by
modeling statistical contingencies between observations. In this direction, we
introduce a general-purpose planning algorithm called PALMER that combines
classical sampling-based planning algorithms with learning-based perceptual
representations. For training these perceptual representations, we combine
Q-learning with contrastive representation learning to create a latent space
where the distance between the embeddings of two states captures how easily an
optimal policy can traverse between them. For planning with these perceptual
representations, we re-purpose classical sampling-based planning algorithms to
retrieve previously observed trajectory segments from a replay buffer and
restitch them into approximately optimal paths that connect any given pair of
start and goal states. This creates a tight feedback loop between
representation learning, memory, reinforcement learning, and sampling-based
planning. The end result is an experiential framework for long-horizon planning
that is significantly more robust and sample efficient compared to existing
methods.Comment: Website: https://palmer.epfl.c
Scan Specific Artifact Reduction in K-space (SPARK) Neural Networks Synergize with Physics-based Reconstruction to Accelerate MRI
Purpose: To develop a scan-specific model that estimates and corrects k-space
errors made when reconstructing accelerated Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
data.
Methods: Scan-Specific Artifact Reduction in k-space (SPARK) trains a
convolutional-neural-network to estimate and correct k-space errors made by an
input reconstruction technique by back-propagating from the mean-squared-error
loss between an auto-calibration signal (ACS) and the input technique's
reconstructed ACS. First, SPARK is applied to GRAPPA and demonstrates improved
robustness over other scan-specific models, such as RAKI and residual-RAKI.
Subsequent experiments demonstrate that SPARK synergizes with residual-RAKI to
improve reconstruction performance. SPARK also improves reconstruction quality
when applied to advanced acquisition and reconstruction techniques like 2D
virtual coil (VC-) GRAPPA, 2D LORAKS, 3D GRAPPA without an integrated ACS
region, and 2D/3D wave-encoded images.
Results: SPARK yields 1.5x - 2x RMSE reduction when applied to GRAPPA and
improves robustness to ACS size for various acceleration rates in comparison to
other scan-specific techniques. When applied to advanced reconstruction
techniques such as residual-RAKI, 2D VC-GRAPPA and LORAKS, SPARK achieves up to
20% RMSE improvement. SPARK with 3D GRAPPA also improves performance by ~2x and
perceived image quality without a fully sampled ACS region. Finally, SPARK
synergizes with non-cartesian 2D and 3D wave-encoding imaging by reducing RMSE
between 20-25% and providing qualitative improvements.
Conclusion: SPARK synergizes with physics-based acquisition and
reconstruction techniques to improve accelerated MRI by training scan-specific
models to estimate and correct reconstruction errors in k-space
Dostluktan ortaklığa giden yol : Sezai Türkeş-Fevzi Akkaya (STFA)
Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2016.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Çekiç, Can Eyup
Development of light and pH-dual responsive self-quenching theranostic SPION to make EGFR overexpressing micro tumors glow and destroy
Drug resistant and undetectable tumors easily escape treatment leading metastases and/or recurrence of the lethal disease. Therefore, it is vital to diagnose and destroy micro tumors using simple yet novel approaches. Here, we present fluorescence-based detection and light-based destruction of cancer cells that are known to be resistant to standard therapies. We developed a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-based theranostic agent that is composed of self-quenching light activated photosensitizer (BPD) and EGFR targeting ligand (Anti-EGFR ScFv or GE11 peptide). Photosensitizer (BPD) was immobilized to PEG-PEI modified SPION with acid-labile linker. Prior to stimulation of the theranostic system by light its accumulation within cancer cells is vital since BPD phototoxicity and fluorescence is activated by lysosomal proteolysis. As BPD is cleaved, the system switches from off to on position which triggers imaging and therapy. Targeting, therapeutic and diagnostic features of the theranostic system were evaluated in high and moderate level EGFR expressing pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our results indicate that the system distinguishes high and moderate EGFR expression levels and yields up to 4.3-fold increase in intracellular fluorescence intensity. Amplification of fluorescence signal was as low as 1.3-fold in the moderate or no EGFR expressing cell lines. Anti-EGFR ScFv targeted SPION caused nearly 2-fold higher cell death via apoptosis in high EGFR expressing Panc-1 cell line. The developed system, possessing advanced targeting, enhanced imaging and effective therapeutic features, is a promising candidate for multi-mode detection and destruction of residual drug-resistant cancer cells