The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the coffee products: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Coffee is one of the most consumed products globally, and its contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) occurs throughout the production chain and production. Therefore, the current meta-analysis study aimed to estimate the concentration of essential elements (Cu and Co) and the contamination of PTEs (Ni, Cr, Pb, As, and Cd) in coffee. The recommended databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, were investigated to collect data regarding the contamination of PTEs in coffee products from 2010 to 2021. Among 644 retrieved citations in the identification step, 34 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean concentration of essential elements in coffee products is much higher than that of toxic elements (Co (447.106 µg/kg, 95% CI: 445.695–448.518 µg/kg) > Ni (324.175 µg/kg, 95% CI: 322.072–326.278 µg/kg) > Cu (136.171 µg/kg, 95% CI: 134.840–137.503 µg/kg) > Cr (106.865 µg/kg, 95% CI: 105.309–108.421 µg/kg) > Pb (21.027 µg/kg, 95% CI: 20.824–21.231 µg/kg) > As (3.158 µg/kg, 95% CI: 3.097–3.219 µg/kg) > Cd (0.308 µg/kg; 95% CI: 0.284–0.332 µg/kg)). Results showed high differences between pooled concentrations of all PTEs in coffee products of different countries

A comprehensive systematic review and health risk assessment of potentially toxic element intakes via fish consumption in Iran

Risk assessment of heavy metals is critical in controlling and preventing risks of foodborne diseases. Fish can be used as bioindicators for exposure to potential toxic elements (PTEs), which can represent potential risks for humans. The long Iranian coastline and three major fishery regions in the country, including the northern (Caspian Sea) and southern (Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman) seas as well as inland waters and aquacultures (rivers, dams, wetlands and fish farms) have made Iran a large producer of fish. In the first step of the present study, data collection and report of PTEs in fish from the three fishery regions (2010–2022) were carried out. In the second step, health risks were assessed using Monte Carlo simulation in child and adult consumers. The average concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb for the northern sea, southern sea, and inland waters and aquacultures were 0.273, 0.249, 1.077; 0.430, 0.423, 1.182; and 1.387, 0.232, 1.703 μg/g per dry weight, respectively. Based on the target hazard quotient results, Hg intake of Iranian children from all the three fishery regions was more than 1, which was alarming. In the adult age group, southern sea fish consumers were at risk of Hg adverse health effects. Moreover, Cd included the highest carcinogenic risk of toxic elements in fish from the three fishery regions of Iran. Estimation of THQ, HI, ILCR and EDI revealed that consumption of fish might induce health complexities for the consumers in Iran. Moreover, Iranians from northern and southern regions of the country consumed further seafood due to the availability of high seafood sources in these regions. Hence, various indices must be used for the risk assessment of general human health. Due to the high risks of carcinogenicity/non-carcinogenicity estimated in the risk assessment, consumption of fish by infants and pregnant women must critically be assessed

Origin, dietary exposure, and toxicity of endocrine-disrupting food chemical contaminants: A comprehensive review

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a growing public health concern worldwide. Consumption of foodstuffs is currently thought to be one of the principal exposure routes to EDCs. However, alternative ways of human exposure are through inhalation of chemicals and dermal contact. These compounds in food products such as canned food, bottled water, dairy products, fish, meat, egg, and vegetables are a ubiquitous concern to the general population. Therefore, understanding EDCs' properties, such as origin, exposure, toxicological impact, and legal aspects are vital to control their release to the environment and food. The present paper provides an overview of the EDCs and their possible disrupting impact on the endocrine system and other organs