Klinička prosudba sedativnih svojstava acepromazin-ksilazina u kombinaciji s atropinom i njihov učinak na fiziološke vrijednosti temperature, bila i disanja u pasa.

The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the sedative effects of different doses of acepromazinexylazine combinations with or without atropine in dogs. One hundred and twenty dogs of various breeds and both sexes were used in a prospective randomized, blinded clinical study. Dogs, presented to the Veterinary Clinic for various diagnostic and surgical procedures, were randomly divided into four groups (n=30/group) and received the following drug combinations intramuscularly: Group AX: acepromazine (0.05 mg kg-1) + Xylazine (0.5 mg kg-1), Group AXA: Acepromazine (0.05 mg kg 1) + Xylazine (0.5 mg kg-1) + Atropine (0.04 mg kg-1) Group LA HX: Acepromazine (Low dose: 0.03 mg kg-1) + Xylazine (High dose: 0.8 mg kg-1), Group HA-LX: Acepromazine (High dose: 0.08 mg kg-1) + Xylazine (Low dose: 0.3 mg kg-1). Heart and respiratory rates, electrocardiogram and rectal temperature were recorded before drug injection (baseline) and during maximum sedation. Sedation was scored using descriptive categories. Heart rate significantly decreased from the baseline following sedation in the AX, LA-HX and HA-LX groups. A significant reduction in respiratory rate was observed in all treatment groups. The median sedation score did not differ significantly between the groups; however, the quality of sedation was enhanced when atropine was added to the acepromazine-xylazine combination and a higher number of dogs were assigned score 3 in AXA group. No adverse effects were recorded during the study. The acepromazine-xylazine combination, particularly with atropine, can be used effectively for sedation and premedication before general anaesthesia in healthy dogs.Svrha ovog rada bila je klinički procijeniti sedativne učinke različitih doza acepromazin-ksilazina u kombinaciji s atropinom u pasa. Istraživanje je bilo provedeno na 120 nasumce odabranih pasa različitih pasmina obaju spolova s dvostruko slijepim probama. Psi su bili klinički obrađivani na jednoj veterinarskoj klinici zbog potrebe za različitim dijagnostičkim i kirurškim pregledima. Za potrebe istraživanja bili su podijeljeni u četiri skupine (30 pasa po skupini), a po skupinama su intramuskularno dobivali sljedeće kombinacije lijekova: skupina AX dobivala je acepromazin (0,05 mg kg-1) i ksilazin (0,5 mg kg-1), skupina AXA dobivala je acepromazin (0,05 mg kg-1), ksilazin (0,5 mg kg-1) i atropin (0,04 mg kg-1), skupina LA-HX dobivala je acepromazin (malu dozu od 0,03 mg kg-1) i ksilazin (veliku dozu od 0,8 mg kg-1), a skupina HA-LX acepromazin (veliku dozu od 0,08 mg kg-1) i ksilazin (malu dozu od 0,3 mg kg-1). Vrijednosti bila, frekvencije disanja, elektrokardiograma i rektalne temperature bile su izmjerene prije davanja sedativa te za vrijeme maksimalne sedacije. Sedacija je bila bodovana opisno. Vrijednosti bila značajno su se smanjile nakon sedacije u pasa skupina AX, LA HX i HALX. Značajno smanjena frekvencija disanja bila je zabilježena u svim skupinama. Srednji broj bodova sedacije nije se značajno razlikovao među skupinama, ali je kvaliteta sedacije bila bolja kada je atropin bio dodan kombinaciji acepromazin-ksilazin te su tri boda bila dodijeljena većem broju pasa u skupini AXA. Nuspojave nisu bile zabilježene. Kombinacija acepromazin-ksilazin, osobito s atropinom, može se rabiti za učinkovitu sedaciju i premedikaciju prije opće anestezije u zdravih pasa

Učinak vodenoga iscrpka aloje Aloe vera na cijeljenje pokusnih kožnih rana u štakora

This study was undertaken to evaluate the wound healing properties of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) on cutaneous wounds. Forty rats were randomly divided into two equal groups (control and experimental). 1.5 mL of filtered Aloe vera aqueous extract was used on the lesions of the experimental group. Wound contraction was measured planimetrically on day 5, 10, 15 and 20. Twenty rats (10 of each group) were sacrificed on day 10 and then histopathological and biomechanical samplings were done. The remaining animals were sacrificed on day 20. Treated animals showed a non-significant improvement in wound contraction and histopathology on day 10. Wound contraction started showing significant differences between groups from day 15 onwards. The lesions of the treated animals showed a better alignment, fewer inflammatory cells infiltration and significantly improved biomechanical properties on day 20 (P<0.05). These results suggested that application of Aloe vera aqueous extract on open wounds induces significant wound contraction and accelerates healing.Istraživanje je poduzeto radi prosudbe učinka iscrpka aloje Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) na cijeljenje kožnih rana. Četrdeset štakora bilo je nasumce podijeljeno u dvije jednake skupine (kontrolnu i pokusnu). Filtrirani vodeni iscrpak Aloe vera u količini od 1,5 mL bio je primijenjen na ozljede kože štakora pokusne skupine. Veličina ožiljka mjerena je planimetrijski 5., 10., 15. i 20. dana. Dvadeset štakora (10 iz svake skupine) bilo je žrtvovano 10. dana pri čemu su uzeti uzorci za patohistološku i biomehaničku pretragu. Ostale životinje bile su žrtvovane 20. dana od početka pokusa. Liječene životinje pokazivale su nesignifikantno poboljšanje cikatrizacije i patohistoloških promjena rana. Značajna razlika u veličini ožiljka između dviju skupina ustanovljena je nakon 15. dana. U pokusnih životinja ustanovljeno je bolje zacjeljivanje, slabija infiltracija upalnih stanica i značajno poboljšanje biomehaničkih svojstava 20. dana (P<0,05). Rezultati upućuju na zaključak da primjena vodenoga iscrpka aloje Aloe vera na otvorene rane znatno potiče tvorbu ožiljka i ubrzava njihovo cijeljenje

Povezanost između radiografskih nalaza, magnetske rezonancije i histopatoloških nalaza kod pokusne rupture prednje križne sveze u kunića.

Experimental osteoarthritis (OA) was induced in the knee joints of rabbits and the trend of changes were compared by radiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and histopathology. Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into two equal groups based on short (30 days) and long-term (180 days) follow ups. In half of the animals in each group (n = 5) OA was induced by sectioning the cranial cruciate ligament and in the other half, only arthrotomy was performed as a sham operation. Radiography and MRI were carried out on days 0 and 30 in the group of short term studies, and on days 0, 90 and 180 in the other group. Histopathological examinations were performed on day 30 in the short-term group after the animals had been sacrificed and in the other group on day 180. The slope of changes over the course of the study between all 3 methods and the grade of changes, were both highest in histopathology, and then in MRI and radiology respectively. The slope of changes was 0.01 for histopathology, 0.009 for MRI and 0.004 for radiology. The ratios of slopes, when compare to each other, were as follows: His./MRI = 1.1, His./Rad. = 2.5, MRI/Rad. = 2.2. Comparison of MRI with radiology revealed that radiology would not show signs of OA when the MRI grade is less than a grade of 0.27. Comparing both imaging techniques with histopathology showed that whenever the histopathological grade was below 0.22, radiology would not show signs of OA involvement, while MRI was capable of showing signs of OA involvement whenever it was more than 0.018 on histopathological grade.Nakon što je u kunića pokusno izazvan osteoartritis koljenog zgloba, trend promjena promatran je pomoću radiografije, magnetske rezonancije (MRI) i patohistoloških nalaza. Dvadeset kunića bilo je metodom slučajnog odabira podijeljeno u dvije jednake skupine od kojih je jedna promatrana tijekom kratkotrajnog (30 dana), a druga tijekom dugotrajnog (180 dana) razdoblja. U polovice životinja iz svake skupine (n = 5) osteoartroza je bila uzrokovana sekcijom prednje križne sveze, a kod druge polovice primijenjena je samo artrotomija kao lažna operacija. Radiografija i magnetska rezonancija obavljene su 0-ti i 30. dan tijekom kratkotrajnog promatranja te 0-ti, 90. i 180. dan kod dugotrajnog promatranja. Histopatološke pretrage obavljene su 30. dan kod kratkotrajnog praćenja nakon što su životinje bile usmrćene, a kod dugotrajnog 180. dan. Slabljenje promjena tijekom promatranja svima trima metodama kao i stupanj promjena pokazali su se najvećima kod histopatoloških nalaza, zatim kod magnetske rezonancije te nakon toga kod radioloških snimki. Slabljenje promjena bilo je 0,01 za histopatološke nalaze, 0,009 za magnetsku rezonanciju i 0,004 za radiološke snimke. Kad se uzmu u obzir međusobni odnosi slabljenja su bila sljedeća: His./MRI = 1,1, His./Rad. = 2,5, MRI/Rad. = 2,2. Usporedba magnetske rezonancije i radiologije potvrdila je da radiologija neće pokazati znakove osteoartritisa kada je stupanj magnetske rezonance niži od 0,27. Usporedbom obje tehnike snimanja s histopatološkim nalazima utvrđeno je da radiologija neće pokazati znakove osteoartritisa kad je stupanj histopatoloških nalaza ispod 0,22. Primjenom magnentske rezonancije moguće je utvrditi znakove osteoartritisa svaki put kada je njezin stupanj veći od 0,018 u odnosu na stupanj histopatoloških nalaza

Klinička prosudba sedativnih svojstava acepromazin-ksilazina u kombinaciji s atropinom i njihov učinak na fiziološke vrijednosti temperature, bila i disanja u pasa.

The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the sedative effects of different doses of acepromazinexylazine combinations with or without atropine in dogs. One hundred and twenty dogs of various breeds and both sexes were used in a prospective randomized, blinded clinical study. Dogs, presented to the Veterinary Clinic for various diagnostic and surgical procedures, were randomly divided into four groups (n=30/group) and received the following drug combinations intramuscularly: Group AX: acepromazine (0.05 mg kg-1) + Xylazine (0.5 mg kg-1), Group AXA: Acepromazine (0.05 mg kg 1) + Xylazine (0.5 mg kg-1) + Atropine (0.04 mg kg-1) Group LA HX: Acepromazine (Low dose: 0.03 mg kg-1) + Xylazine (High dose: 0.8 mg kg-1), Group HA-LX: Acepromazine (High dose: 0.08 mg kg-1) + Xylazine (Low dose: 0.3 mg kg-1). Heart and respiratory rates, electrocardiogram and rectal temperature were recorded before drug injection (baseline) and during maximum sedation. Sedation was scored using descriptive categories. Heart rate significantly decreased from the baseline following sedation in the AX, LA-HX and HA-LX groups. A significant reduction in respiratory rate was observed in all treatment groups. The median sedation score did not differ significantly between the groups; however, the quality of sedation was enhanced when atropine was added to the acepromazine-xylazine combination and a higher number of dogs were assigned score 3 in AXA group. No adverse effects were recorded during the study. The acepromazine-xylazine combination, particularly with atropine, can be used effectively for sedation and premedication before general anaesthesia in healthy dogs.Svrha ovog rada bila je klinički procijeniti sedativne učinke različitih doza acepromazin-ksilazina u kombinaciji s atropinom u pasa. Istraživanje je bilo provedeno na 120 nasumce odabranih pasa različitih pasmina obaju spolova s dvostruko slijepim probama. Psi su bili klinički obrađivani na jednoj veterinarskoj klinici zbog potrebe za različitim dijagnostičkim i kirurškim pregledima. Za potrebe istraživanja bili su podijeljeni u četiri skupine (30 pasa po skupini), a po skupinama su intramuskularno dobivali sljedeće kombinacije lijekova: skupina AX dobivala je acepromazin (0,05 mg kg-1) i ksilazin (0,5 mg kg-1), skupina AXA dobivala je acepromazin (0,05 mg kg-1), ksilazin (0,5 mg kg-1) i atropin (0,04 mg kg-1), skupina LA-HX dobivala je acepromazin (malu dozu od 0,03 mg kg-1) i ksilazin (veliku dozu od 0,8 mg kg-1), a skupina HA-LX acepromazin (veliku dozu od 0,08 mg kg-1) i ksilazin (malu dozu od 0,3 mg kg-1). Vrijednosti bila, frekvencije disanja, elektrokardiograma i rektalne temperature bile su izmjerene prije davanja sedativa te za vrijeme maksimalne sedacije. Sedacija je bila bodovana opisno. Vrijednosti bila značajno su se smanjile nakon sedacije u pasa skupina AX, LA HX i HALX. Značajno smanjena frekvencija disanja bila je zabilježena u svim skupinama. Srednji broj bodova sedacije nije se značajno razlikovao među skupinama, ali je kvaliteta sedacije bila bolja kada je atropin bio dodan kombinaciji acepromazin-ksilazin te su tri boda bila dodijeljena većem broju pasa u skupini AXA. Nuspojave nisu bile zabilježene. Kombinacija acepromazin-ksilazin, osobito s atropinom, može se rabiti za učinkovitu sedaciju i premedikaciju prije opće anestezije u zdravih pasa

Effect of aqueous extract of Aloe vera on experimental cutaneous wound healing in rat

This study was undertaken to evaluate the wound healing properties of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) on cutaneous wounds. Forty rats were randomly divided into two equal groups (control and experimental). 1.5 mL of filtered Aloe vera aqueous extract was used on the lesions of the experimental group. Wound contraction was measured planimetrically on day 5, 10, 15 and 20. Twenty rats (10 of each group) were sacrificed on day 10 and then histopathological and biomechanical samplings were done. The remaining animals were sacrificed on day 20. Treated animals showed a non-significant improvement in wound contraction and histopathology on day 10. Wound contraction started showing significant differences between groups from day 15 onwards. The lesions of the treated animals showed a better alignment, fewer inflammatory cells infiltration and significantly improved biomechanical properties on day 20 (P&lt;0.05). These results suggested that application of Aloe vera aqueous extract on open wounds induces significant wound contraction and accelerates healing

Povezanost između radiografskih nalaza, magnetske rezonancije i histopatoloških nalaza kod pokusne rupture prednje križne sveze u kunića.

Experimental osteoarthritis (OA) was induced in the knee joints of rabbits and the trend of changes were compared by radiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and histopathology. Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into two equal groups based on short (30 days) and long-term (180 days) follow ups. In half of the animals in each group (n = 5) OA was induced by sectioning the cranial cruciate ligament and in the other half, only arthrotomy was performed as a sham operation. Radiography and MRI were carried out on days 0 and 30 in the group of short term studies, and on days 0, 90 and 180 in the other group. Histopathological examinations were performed on day 30 in the short-term group after the animals had been sacrificed and in the other group on day 180. The slope of changes over the course of the study between all 3 methods and the grade of changes, were both highest in histopathology, and then in MRI and radiology respectively. The slope of changes was 0.01 for histopathology, 0.009 for MRI and 0.004 for radiology. The ratios of slopes, when compare to each other, were as follows: His./MRI = 1.1, His./Rad. = 2.5, MRI/Rad. = 2.2. Comparison of MRI with radiology revealed that radiology would not show signs of OA when the MRI grade is less than a grade of 0.27. Comparing both imaging techniques with histopathology showed that whenever the histopathological grade was below 0.22, radiology would not show signs of OA involvement, while MRI was capable of showing signs of OA involvement whenever it was more than 0.018 on histopathological grade.Nakon što je u kunića pokusno izazvan osteoartritis koljenog zgloba, trend promjena promatran je pomoću radiografije, magnetske rezonancije (MRI) i patohistoloških nalaza. Dvadeset kunića bilo je metodom slučajnog odabira podijeljeno u dvije jednake skupine od kojih je jedna promatrana tijekom kratkotrajnog (30 dana), a druga tijekom dugotrajnog (180 dana) razdoblja. U polovice životinja iz svake skupine (n = 5) osteoartroza je bila uzrokovana sekcijom prednje križne sveze, a kod druge polovice primijenjena je samo artrotomija kao lažna operacija. Radiografija i magnetska rezonancija obavljene su 0-ti i 30. dan tijekom kratkotrajnog promatranja te 0-ti, 90. i 180. dan kod dugotrajnog promatranja. Histopatološke pretrage obavljene su 30. dan kod kratkotrajnog praćenja nakon što su životinje bile usmrćene, a kod dugotrajnog 180. dan. Slabljenje promjena tijekom promatranja svima trima metodama kao i stupanj promjena pokazali su se najvećima kod histopatoloških nalaza, zatim kod magnetske rezonancije te nakon toga kod radioloških snimki. Slabljenje promjena bilo je 0,01 za histopatološke nalaze, 0,009 za magnetsku rezonanciju i 0,004 za radiološke snimke. Kad se uzmu u obzir međusobni odnosi slabljenja su bila sljedeća: His./MRI = 1,1, His./Rad. = 2,5, MRI/Rad. = 2,2. Usporedba magnetske rezonancije i radiologije potvrdila je da radiologija neće pokazati znakove osteoartritisa kada je stupanj magnetske rezonance niži od 0,27. Usporedbom obje tehnike snimanja s histopatološkim nalazima utvrđeno je da radiologija neće pokazati znakove osteoartritisa kad je stupanj histopatoloških nalaza ispod 0,22. Primjenom magnentske rezonancije moguće je utvrditi znakove osteoartritisa svaki put kada je njezin stupanj veći od 0,018 u odnosu na stupanj histopatoloških nalaza

Are Stem Cells Derived from Synovium and Fat Pad Able to Treat Induced Knee Osteoarthritis in Rats?

Background. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease and a significant cause of joint pain, tenderness, and limitation of motion. At present, no specific treatment is available, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising potentials in this regard. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the repairing potentials of stem cells derived from the synovium and fat pad in the treatment of OA. Methods. Twenty-eight male rats (220±20 g, aged 10-12 weeks), were randomly divided into four groups (n=7): C1: nontreated group, C2: Hyalgan-treated group, E1: adipose tissue-derived stem cell-treated group, and E2: synovial membrane-based stem cell-treated group. Collagenase type II was injected into the left knee; after eight weeks, OA was developed. Then, stem cells were injected, and rats were followed for three months. Afterward, specimens and radiological images were investigated. p value ≤ 0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results. Compared to the C1 group, the E1 and E2 groups showed significantly better results in all six pathological criteria as well as joint space width and osteophytes of medial tibial, medial femoral, and medial fabellar condyles (p≤0.001). Similarly, compared to the C2 group, the E1 and E2 groups had better scores regarding surface, matrix, cell distribution, and cell population viability (p<0.05). E2 showed considerably higher scores compared to C2 regarding subchondral bone and cartilage mineralization (p<0.05). The joint space width was similar between the C2 and E groups. Conclusion. Treatment of OA with MSCs, particularly synovial membrane-derived stem cells, not only prevented but also healed OA of the knee to some extent in comparison to the Hyalgan and nontreatment groups