Kurzfassung der Studie "Strukturdaten Hamburger Öko-Markt"

Die Nachfrage nach Bio-Produkten wächst während die Erzeugung tendenziell stagniert. Das gilt für Hamburg, wie auch bundesweit. Um jedoch Entscheidungen zu gezielten Maßnahmen für die Stärkung eines regionalen Öko-Marktes zu treffen, werden Informationen über den Markt und seine Strukturen benötigt, die bislang in Hamburg fehlen. Die vorliegende Studie der Universität Hamburg untersuchte daher im Auftrag der Behörde für Wirtschaft und Arbeit der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg die aktuellen Angebots- und Vermarktungsstrukturen von Bio-Produkten in und um Hamburg. Ziel war es zunächst, eine Bestandsaufnahme der Hamburger Öko-Marktstrukturen vorzunehmen und ein Bild darüber zu zeichnen, welche Rolle die regionalen Bezugs- und Absatzwege in Hamburg spielen. Daraus wurden schließlich Handlungsoptionen zur sinnvollen Ausweitung des regionalen Öko-Marktes abgeleitet, die nicht nur für den Hamburger Raum von Interesse sein können. Das vorliegende Dokument beinhaltet die Kurzfassung der Studie. Der ausführliche Projektbericht ist unter unter https://orgprints.org/18390/ abrufbar

Bericht zum Projekt "Strukturdaten Hamburger Öko-Markt"

Die Nachfrage nach Bio-Produkten wächst während die Erzeugung tendenziell stagniert. Das gilt für Hamburg, wie auch bundesweit. Um jedoch Entscheidungen zu gezielten Maßnahmen für die Stärkung eines regionalen Öko-Marktes zu treffen, werden Informationen über den Markt und seine Strukturen benötigt, die bislang in Hamburg fehlen. Die vorliegende Studie der Universität Hamburg untersuchte daher im Auftrag der Behörde für Wirtschaft und Arbeit der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg die aktuellen Angebots- und Vermarktungsstrukturen von Bio-Produkten in und um Hamburg. Ziel war es zunächst, eine Bestandsaufnahme der Hamburger Öko-Marktstrukturen vorzunehmen und ein Bild darüber zu zeichnen, welche Rolle die regionalen Bezugs- und Absatzwege in Hamburg spielen. Daraus wurden schließlich Handlungsoptionen zur sinnvollen Ausweitung des regionalen Öko-Marktes abgeleitet, die nicht nur für den Hamburger Raum von Interesse sein können. Das vorliegende Dokument beinhaltet den ausführlichen Projektbericht. Eine Kurzfassung der Studie ist ebenfalls auf www.orgprints.org abrufbar

Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Improves Exercise Tolerance by Reducing Muscle Fatigue and Perceptual Responses

The present study was designed to provide further insight into the mechanistic basis for the improved exercise tolerance following dietary nitrate supplementation. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, twelve recreationally active males completed a dynamic time-to-exhaustion test of the knee extensors after 5 days of consuming both nitrate-rich (NITRATE) and nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PLACEBO). Participants who improved their time-to-exhaustion following NITRATE performed a time-matched trial corresponding to the PLACEBO exercise duration with another 5 days of dietary nitrate supplementation. This procedure was performed to obtain time-matched exercise trials with (NITRATEtm) and without dietary nitrate supplementation (PLACEBO). Neuromuscular tests were performed before and after each time-matched condition. Muscle fatigue was quantified as percentage change in maximal voluntary torque from pre- to post-exercise (ΔMVT). Changes in voluntary activation (ΔVA) and quadriceps twitch torque (ΔPS100) were used to quantify central and peripheral factors of muscle fatigue, respectively. Muscle oxygen saturation, quadriceps muscle activity as well as perceptual data (i.e., perception of effort and leg muscle pain) were recorded during exercise. Time-to-exhaustion was improved with NITRATE (12:41 ± 07:18 min) compared to PLACEBO (09:03 ± 04:18 min; P = 0.010). NITRATEtm resulted in both lower ΔMVT and ΔPS100 compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.002; P = 0.001, respectively). ΔVA was not different between conditions (P = 0.308). NITRATEtm resulted in reduced perception of effort and leg muscle pain. Our findings extend the mechanistic basis for the improved exercise tolerance by showing that dietary nitrate supplementation (i) attenuated the development of muscle fatigue by reducing the exercise-induced impairments in contractile muscle function; and (ii) lowered the perception of both effort and leg muscle pain during exercise

Математическое моделирование системы отслеживания шва в сварке электронным пучком

В ходе исследований разработана математическая модель системы отслеживания шва в сварке электронным пучком. Экспериментально доказана эффективность применения данной модели к любой электронно-сварочной установке. Для простейшего детектора излучения (пластины-детектора) без использования физических фильтров были получены электронные изображения сварных швов, отличающиеся высокой четкостью. Эмпирически доказана независимость сканирования от механических характеристик электронно-сварочной установки. Доказано, что отсутствие источников электронов с необходимой мощностью пучка не является препятствием для получения достаточного качества измерений.In the course of research, a mathematical model of the tracking system of a weld in electron beam welding was developed. The effectiveness of applying this model to any electronic welding installation has been experimentally proven. For the simplest radiation detector (detector plate) without the use of physical filters, electronic images of welds, which are distinguished by high definition, were obtained. Empirically proven independence of the scan from the mechanical characteristics of the electronic welding installation. It is proved that the absence of electron sources with the necessary beam power is not an obstacle to obtaining a sufficient measurement quality

Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in firefighters at fire training facilities and in employees at respiratory protection and hose workshops

IntroductionPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic to humans and are formed by incomplete combustion. PAHs are always present during firefighting operations, and fire department members can be exposed to them in the workplace.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in 36 urine samples from nine firefighters, collected before and after fire training sessions, and 32 urine samples from eight employees at respiratory protection and hose workshops. To assess breakthrough PAH exposure through personal protective equipment and potential dermal uptake, some of the workshop employees wore cotton garments under their regular workwear. Cotton samples were then examined for the presence of 17 semi-volatile and low-volatility PAHs.ResultsAfter firefighting exercises, we observed approximately a fivefold increase in mean 1-OHP concentrations in samples from firefighters, from 0.24 μg/L to 1.17 μg/L (maximum: 5.31 μg/L). In contrast, 1-OHP levels in workshop employees were found to be low, with the majority of urine samples yielding concentrations below the limit of quantification (LOQ: 0.05 μg/L, maximum: 0.11 μg/L). Similarly, low PAH levels were found on the workshop employees' cotton undergarments, with maximum concentrations of 250 and 205 ng/g for pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively.DiscussionIn conclusion, significant increases in 1-OHP in urine were observed in firefighters after training sessions, whereas work-related exposure remained low among workshop employees

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM -/- patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors

A network analysis to identify mediators of germline-driven differences in breast cancer prognosis.

Identifying the underlying genetic drivers of the heritability of breast cancer prognosis remains elusive. We adapt a network-based approach to handle underpowered complex datasets to provide new insights into the potential function of germline variants in breast cancer prognosis. This network-based analysis studies ~7.3 million variants in 84,457 breast cancer patients in relation to breast cancer survival and confirms the results on 12,381 independent patients. Aggregating the prognostic effects of genetic variants across multiple genes, we identify four gene modules associated with survival in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and one in ER-positive disease. The modules show biological enrichment for cancer-related processes such as G-alpha signaling, circadian clock, angiogenesis, and Rho-GTPases in apoptosis