Producing Fiber Reinforced Composites Having Dense Ceramic Matrices

A fiber preform is partially infiltrated with a ceramic material. A porous solid polymer is formed by reaction forming the infiltrated preform which is then pyrolized. Microporous carbon in the composite matrix is converted into silicon carbide

Opportunities for genetic improvement of lamb survival

Data on lamb survival and associated traits involving records from 15 192 lambs, 6308 dams and 284 sires from the Sheep CRC's Information Nucleus were studied. Lamb survival to 3 days of age and to weaning was 85 and 80%, respectively, and heritability (±s.e.) was 0.014 ± 0.010 and 0.010 ± 0.010, respectively. Of the 14 traits recorded at birth, time taken for the lamb to bleat, rectal temperature and crown–rump length had the highest genetic correlations with lamb survival to weaning (–0.43 ± 0.32, 0.56 ± 0.33 and –0.38 ± 0.36, respectively). Under selection for a multi-trait objective including net reproduction rate (but not lamb survival), survival was predicted to decline genetically by 0.25 lambs weaned per 100 lambs born.year, although this was reversed to a gain of 0.20 lambs weaned per 100 lambs born.year by including the trait in the breeding objective and using 50 half-sib and 50 progeny records per selection candidate. Accuracy of selection for lamb survival was improved to 0.735 with a selection index of lamb survival to weaning, lamb ease, birth coat score, time taken to bleat, rectal temperature and crown–rump length, with the addition of 50 half-sibs and 50 progeny records per candidate. Our results suggest that unless actively incorporated into breeding objectives, lamb survival may genetically decline; however, gains are possible with direct selection using half-sib and progeny records. The addition of indirect selection criteria for lamb survival can further improve accuracy, up to 93.4%, but requires further investigation

Data in Antarctic science and politics

The internationalization of Antarctica as a continent for science with the Antarctic Treaty (1961) was heralded as bringing about international cooperation and the free exchange of data. However, both national rivalry and proprietorship of data, in varying degrees, remained integral to Antarctic science and politics throughout the 20th century. This paper considers two large field-surveys in Antarctica: first, an aerial photographic survey carried out by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition of 1946—8; and second, the Scott Polar Research Institute's radio-echo sounding survey of 1967—79. Both surveys involved geoscientific data but the context in which the investigations and the exchanges of their results took place changed. We argue that the issue of control of data remained paramount across both cases despite shifting international political contexts. The control of data on Antarctic territory, once framed in terms of geopolitics and negotiated between governments, became a matter of science policy and credit to be negotiated among scientific institutions. Whereas the Ronne data were of potential strategic value for reinforcing national territorial claims, the radio-echo sounding data contained information of potential economic and environmental value

Reviews of Books

BARRY CUNLIFFE. Europe between the Oceans: Themes and Variations: gooo BCAD 1000. New Haven, C T and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. ix, 518. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Martin W. Lewis AYSE DEVRIM ATAUZ. Eight Thousand Years of Maltese Maritime History: Trade, Piracy, and Naval Warfare in the Central Mediterranean. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2008. Pp. xiv, 379.$69.95 (US). Reviewed by Victor Mallia-Milanes IAN WORTHINGTON. Philip II of Macedonia. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xx, 303. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Craige B. Champion FEDERICO SANTANGELO. Sulla, the Elites, and the Empire: A Study of Roman Policies in Italy and the Greek East. Leiden: Brill, 2007. Pp. xix, 230. €99.00. Reviewed by Arthur M. Eckstein ROSAMOND MCKITTERICK. Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. xviii, 460.$29.99 (US), paper.Reviewed by David S. Bachrach STEVE FLANDERS. De Courcy: Anglo-Normans in Ireland, England, and France in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. 205. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Hugh M. Thomas JONATHAN RILEY-SMITH. The Crusades, Christianity, and Islam. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2008. Pp. 125.$24.50 (US). Reviewed by John France NORMAN HOUSLEY. Fighting for the Cross: Crusading to the Holy Land. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xiv, 357. $38.00 (US).Reviewed by Christopher Tyerman BERNARD BARBICHE in collaboration with Ségolène de Dainville-Barbiche. Bulla, Legatus, Nuntius: Études de diplomatique et de diplomatic pontificales (Xllle-XVIIe siècle). Paris: École des Chartes, 2007; dist. Geneva: Librairie Droz. Pp. 575.€55.00, paper. Reviewed by Barbara Bombi INA BAGHDIANTZ MCCABE. Orientalism in Early Modern France: Eurasian Trade, Exoticism, and the Ancien Régime. Oxford and New York, NY: Berg, 2008. Pp. vi, 409.$119.95 (US). Reviewed by Lynn Hunt JOHN A. LYNN. Women, Armies, and Warfare in Early Modern Europe. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. xii, 239. $24.99 (u s), paper. Reviewed by Peter H. Wilson ULBE BOSMA and REMCO RABEN. Being 'Dutch' in the Indies: A History of Creolisation and Empire, 1500-1920, trans. Wendie Shaffer. Athens, OH: Ohio University Research in International Studies, 2008. Pp. xx, 439.$28.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Heather Sutherland DAVID ELTIS and DAVID RICHARDSON, eds. Extending the Frontiers: Essays on the Mew Transatlantic Slave Trade Database. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xiii,377. $90.00 (US).Reviewed by Stephen D. Behrendt LOTHAR HÖBELT. Ferdinand III: Friedenskaiser wider Willen. Graz: Ares Verlag, 2008. Pp. 488. €29.90. Reviewed by Howard Louthan STEVE CLARK and PAUL SMETHURST, eds. Asian Crossings: Travel Writing on China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008; dist. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. Pp. xi, 276.$37.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Eric Tagliacozzo TOBY BARNARD. Improving Ireland? Projectors, Prophets, and Profiteers, 1641-1786. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. 192. $75.00 (US).Reviewed by Padraig Lenihan LEONARD BLUSSE. Visible Cities: Canton, Nagasaki, and Batavia and the Coming of the Americans. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2008. Pp. xi, 133.$25.95 (US). Reviewed by Peter D. Reeves DAVID SORKIN. The Religious Enlightenment: Protestants, Jews, and Catholics from London to Vienna. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2008. Pp. xv, 339. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Thomas Munck HERVÉ HASQUIN. Joseph II: Catholique anticlérical et réformateur impatient, 1741-1790. Brussels: Éditions Racine, 2007. Pp. 328. €29.95, paper.Reviewed by Matthew Z. Mayer ANDREW LEES and LYNN HOLLEN LEES. Cities and the Making of Modern Europe, 1750-1914. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. xii, 300.$29.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Richard Dennis MAURICE J. BRIC. Ireland, Philadelphia, and the Re-Invention of America, 1760- 1800. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. xix, 363. $65.00 (US); JOHN CHILDS. The Williamite Wars in Ireland, 1688-91. London and New York, NY: Hambledon Continuum, 2007. Pp. xxii, 440.$49.95 (US).Reviewed by Thomas Bartlett MATT SCHUMANN and KARL SCHWEIZER. The Seven Years War: A Transatlantic History.London and New York, NY: Routledge, 2008. Pp. x, 300. $140.00 (US). Reviewed by Stephen Conway WALTER L. HIXSON. The Myth of American Diplomacy: National Identity and US Foreign Policy. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xi, 377.$35.00 (US). Reviewed by Mark Atwood Lawrence PATRICIA H. MARKS. Deconstructing Legitimacy: Viceroys, Merchants, and the Military in Late Colonial Peru. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007. Pp. x, 403. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Natalia Sobrevilla Perea MARIANNE P. STOPP, ed. The Mew Labrador Papers of Captain George Cartwright. Montreal, QC and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2008. Pp. xii, 256.$39.95 (CDN). Reviewed by James K. Hiller THIERRY LENTZ. Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire: III: La France et l'Europe de Napoléon, 1804-1814. Paris: Editions Fayard, 2007. Pp. 835. €30.00, paper. Reviewed by Philip G. Dwyer MATTHEW P. FITZPATRICK. Liberal Imperialism in Germany: Expansionism and Nationalism, 1848-1884. New York, NY and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2008. Pp. 237. $99.95 (US). Reviewed by Jonathan Sperber CHRISTIAN HOYER. Salisbury und Deutschland: Aufienpolitisches Denken und britische Deutschlandpolitik zwischen 1856 und 1880. Husum: Matthiesen Verlag, 2008. Pp. 507. €69.00. Reviewed by Ann Potttnger Saab ANDREW SMITH. British Businessmen and Canadian Confederation: Constitution Making in an Era of Anglo-Globalization. Montreal, QC and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2008. Pp. viii, 229.$80.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Douglas Mccalla DUNCAN ANDREW CAMPBELL. Unlikely Allies: Britain, America, and the Victorian Origins of a Special Relationship. London and New York, NY: Continuum, 2008. Pp. viii, 307. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by Francis M. Carroll MARILYN LAKE and HENRY REYNOLDS. Drawing the Global Colour Line: White Men's Countries and the International Challenge of Racial Equality. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. x, 371.$94.95 (US). Reviewed by Antoinette Burton CHRISTOPHER KOBRAK. Banking on Global Markets: Deutsche Bank and the United States, 1870 to the Present. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. xx, 484. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by William Glenn Gray CECILIA MORGAN. 'A Happy Holiday': English Canadians and Transatlantic Tourism, 1870-1930. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 2008. Pp. xxiii, 461.$37.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Katie Pickles BILL RAWLING. La mart pour ennemi: La médecine militaire canadienne, 2nd ed., trans. Pierre R. Desrosiers. Outremont, QC: Athéna éditions, 2007; dist. Boisbriand, QC: Prologue. Pp. 373. $34.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Genevieve Allard SONYA GRYPMA. Healing Henan: Canadian Nurses at the North China Mission, l888-1947. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2008. Pp. xviii, 292.$32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by A. Hamish Ion OLIVER STEIN. Die deutscke Heeresriistungspolitik, 1890-1914: Das Militär und der Primat der Politik. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh, 2007. Pp. 444. €58.00; PETER BAUMGART, BERNHARD R. KROENER, and HEINZ STUBIG, eds. Die Preussische Armee: Zwischen Ancien Régime und Reichsgriindung. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh, 2008. Pp. xiii, 283. €39.90. Reviewed by Holger H. Herwig IRWIN HALFOND. Maurice Paléologue: The Diplomat, the Writer, the Man, and the Third French Republic. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2007. Pp. xiii, 189. $29.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Ronald P. Bobroff PATRICK H. HASE. The Six-Day War ofiSgg: Hong Kong in the Age of Imperialism. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008; dist. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. Pp. xii, 276.$49.50 (US).Reviewed by Priscilla Roberts JEROME AAN DE WIEL. The Irish Factor, 1899-1999: Ireland's Strategic and Diplomatic Importance for Foreign Powers. Dublin and Portland, OR: Irish Academic Press, 2008. Pp. xx, 428. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by David Harkness NICOLAS WOLZ. Das lange Warten: Kriegserfahrungen deutscher und britischer Seeojfziere, 1914 bis 1918. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2008. Pp. 519. €39.90. Reviewed by Jan Rüger PAUL O'SHEA. A Cross Too Heavy: Eugenio Pacelli: Politics and the Jews of Europe, 1917-1943. Kenthurst, NSW: Rosenberg Publishing, 2008; dist. Portland, OR: ISBS. Pp. 392.$35.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Frank J. Coppa S. A. SMITH. Revolution and the People in Russia and China: A Comparative History. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. viii, 249. $29.99 (USX paper. Reviewed by Stephen R. Mackinnon DANIELA ROSSINI. Woodrow Wilson and the American Myth in Italy: Culture, Diplomacy, and War Propaganda, trans. Antony Shugaar. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2008. Pp. x, 263.$49.95 (US). Reviewed by R. J. B. Bosworth SEAN GREENWOOD. Titan at the Foreign Office: Gladwyn Jebb and the Shaping of the Modern World. Leiden and Boston MA: Martinus Nijhoff, 2008. Pp. xxx, 440. €129.00. Reviewed by John W. Young ROLF STEININGER. Austria, Germany, and the Cold War: From the Anschluss to the State Treaty, 1938-1955. New York, NY and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2008. Pp. x, 172. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by Lothar Hobelt KURT F.JENSEN. Cautious Beginnings: Canadian Foreign Intelligence, 1939-51. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2008. Pp. 230.$32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by John Ferris MICHAEL KENNEDY. Guarding Neutral Ireland: The Coast Watching Service and Military Intelligence, 1939-1945. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. x, 358. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Keith Jeffery RICHARD WIGG. Churchill and