A fiber preform is partially infiltrated with a ceramic material. A porous solid polymer is formed by reaction forming the infiltrated preform which is then pyrolized. Microporous carbon in the composite matrix is converted into silicon carbide
Data on lamb survival and associated traits involving records from 15 192 lambs, 6308 dams and 284 sires from the Sheep CRC's Information Nucleus were studied. Lamb survival to 3 days of age and to weaning was 85 and 80%, respectively, and heritability (±s.e.) was 0.014 ± 0.010 and 0.010 ± 0.010, respectively. Of the 14 traits recorded at birth, time taken for the lamb to bleat, rectal temperature and crown–rump length had the highest genetic correlations with lamb survival to weaning (–0.43 ± 0.32, 0.56 ± 0.33 and –0.38 ± 0.36, respectively). Under selection for a multi-trait objective including net reproduction rate (but not lamb survival), survival was predicted to decline genetically by 0.25 lambs weaned per 100 lambs born.year, although this was reversed to a gain of 0.20 lambs weaned per 100 lambs born.year by including the trait in the breeding objective and using 50 half-sib and 50 progeny records per selection candidate. Accuracy of selection for lamb survival was improved to 0.735 with a selection index of lamb survival to weaning, lamb ease, birth coat score, time taken to bleat, rectal temperature and crown–rump length, with the addition of 50 half-sibs and 50 progeny records per candidate. Our results suggest that unless actively incorporated into breeding objectives, lamb survival may genetically decline; however, gains are possible with direct selection using half-sib and progeny records. The addition of indirect selection criteria for lamb survival can further improve accuracy, up to 93.4%, but requires further investigation
The internationalization of Antarctica as a continent for science with the Antarctic Treaty (1961) was heralded as bringing about international cooperation and the free exchange of data. However, both national rivalry and proprietorship of data, in varying degrees, remained integral to Antarctic science and politics throughout the 20th century. This paper considers two large field-surveys in Antarctica: first, an aerial photographic survey carried out by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition of 1946—8; and second, the Scott Polar Research Institute's radio-echo sounding survey of 1967—79. Both surveys involved geoscientific data but the context in which the investigations and the exchanges of their results took place changed. We argue that the issue of control of data remained paramount across both cases despite shifting international political contexts. The control of data on Antarctic territory, once framed in terms of geopolitics and negotiated between governments, became a matter of science policy and credit to be negotiated among scientific institutions. Whereas the Ronne data were of potential strategic value for reinforcing national territorial claims, the radio-echo sounding data contained information of potential economic and environmental value
BARRY CUNLIFFE. Europe between the Oceans: Themes and Variations: gooo BCAD 1000. New Haven, C T and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. ix, 518. 39.95(US).ReviewedbyMartinW.LewisAYSEDEVRIMATAUZ.EightThousandYearsofMalteseMaritimeHistory:Trade,Piracy,andNavalWarfareintheCentralMediterranean.Gainesville,FL:UniversityPressofFlorida,2008.Pp.xiv,379.69.95 (US). Reviewed by Victor Mallia-Milanes
IAN WORTHINGTON. Philip II of Macedonia. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xx, 303. 35.00(US).ReviewedbyCraigeB.ChampionFEDERICOSANTANGELO.Sulla,theElites,andtheEmpire:AStudyofRomanPoliciesinItalyandtheGreekEast.Leiden:Brill,2007.Pp.xix,230.€99.00.ReviewedbyArthurM.EcksteinROSAMONDMCKITTERICK.Charlemagne:TheFormationofaEuropeanIdentity.NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2008.Pp.xviii,460.29.99 (US), paper.Reviewed by David S. Bachrach
STEVE FLANDERS. De Courcy: Anglo-Normans in Ireland, England, and France in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. 205. 75.00(US).ReviewedbyHughM.ThomasJONATHANRILEY−SMITH.TheCrusades,Christianity,andIslam.NewYork,NY:ColumbiaUniversityPress,2008.Pp.125.24.50 (US). Reviewed by John France
NORMAN HOUSLEY. Fighting for the Cross: Crusading to the Holy Land. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xiv, 357. 38.00(US).ReviewedbyChristopherTyermanBERNARDBARBICHEincollaborationwithSeˊgoleˋnedeDainville−Barbiche.Bulla,Legatus,Nuntius:Eˊtudesdediplomatiqueetdediplomaticpontificales(Xllle−XVIIesieˋcle).Paris:EˊcoledesChartes,2007;dist.Geneva:LibrairieDroz.Pp.575.€55.00,paper.ReviewedbyBarbaraBombiINABAGHDIANTZMCCABE.OrientalisminEarlyModernFrance:EurasianTrade,Exoticism,andtheAncienReˊgime.OxfordandNewYork,NY:Berg,2008.Pp.vi,409.119.95 (US). Reviewed by Lynn Hunt
JOHN A. LYNN. Women, Armies, and Warfare in Early Modern Europe. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. xii, 239. 24.99(us),paper.ReviewedbyPeterH.WilsonULBEBOSMAandREMCORABEN.Being′Dutch′intheIndies:AHistoryofCreolisationandEmpire,1500−1920,trans.WendieShaffer.Athens,OH:OhioUniversityResearchinInternationalStudies,2008.Pp.xx,439.28.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Heather Sutherland
DAVID ELTIS and DAVID RICHARDSON, eds. Extending the Frontiers: Essays on the Mew Transatlantic Slave Trade Database. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xiii,377. 90.00(US).ReviewedbyStephenD.BehrendtLOTHARHO¨BELT.FerdinandIII:FriedenskaiserwiderWillen.Graz:AresVerlag,2008.Pp.488.€29.90.ReviewedbyHowardLouthanSTEVECLARKandPAULSMETHURST,eds.AsianCrossings:TravelWritingonChina,Japan,andSoutheastAsia.HongKong:HongKongUniversityPress,2008;dist.Seattle,WA:UniversityofWashingtonPress.Pp.xi,276.37.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Eric Tagliacozzo
TOBY BARNARD. Improving Ireland? Projectors, Prophets, and Profiteers, 1641-1786. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. 192. 75.00(US).ReviewedbyPadraigLenihanLEONARDBLUSSE.VisibleCities:Canton,Nagasaki,andBataviaandtheComingoftheAmericans.Cambridge,MAandLondon:HarvardUniversityPress,2008.Pp.xi,133.25.95 (US). Reviewed by Peter D. Reeves
DAVID SORKIN. The Religious Enlightenment: Protestants, Jews, and Catholics from London to Vienna. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2008. Pp. xv, 339. 35.00(US).ReviewedbyThomasMunckHERVEˊHASQUIN.JosephII:Catholiqueanticleˊricaletreˊformateurimpatient,1741−1790.Brussels:EˊditionsRacine,2007.Pp.328.€29.95,paper.ReviewedbyMatthewZ.MayerANDREWLEESandLYNNHOLLENLEES.CitiesandtheMakingofModernEurope,1750−1914.NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2007.Pp.xii,300.29.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Richard Dennis
MAURICE J. BRIC. Ireland, Philadelphia, and the Re-Invention of America, 1760- 1800. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. xix, 363. 65.00(US);JOHNCHILDS.TheWilliamiteWarsinIreland,1688−91.LondonandNewYork,NY:HambledonContinuum,2007.Pp.xxii,440.49.95 (US).Reviewed by Thomas Bartlett
MATT SCHUMANN and KARL SCHWEIZER. The Seven Years War: A Transatlantic History.London and New York, NY: Routledge, 2008. Pp. x, 300. 140.00(US).ReviewedbyStephenConwayWALTERL.HIXSON.TheMythofAmericanDiplomacy:NationalIdentityandUSForeignPolicy.NewHaven,CTandLondon:YaleUniversityPress,2008.Pp.xi,377.35.00 (US). Reviewed by Mark Atwood Lawrence
PATRICIA H. MARKS. Deconstructing Legitimacy: Viceroys, Merchants, and the Military in Late Colonial Peru. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007. Pp. x, 403. 65.00(US).ReviewedbyNataliaSobrevillaPereaMARIANNEP.STOPP,ed.TheMewLabradorPapersofCaptainGeorgeCartwright.Montreal,QCandKingston,ON:McGill−Queen′sUniversityPress,2008.Pp.xii,256.39.95 (CDN). Reviewed by James K. Hiller
THIERRY LENTZ. Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire: III: La France et l'Europe de Napoléon, 1804-1814. Paris: Editions Fayard, 2007. Pp. 835. €30.00, paper. Reviewed by Philip G. Dwyer
MATTHEW P. FITZPATRICK. Liberal Imperialism in Germany: Expansionism and Nationalism, 1848-1884. New York, NY and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2008. Pp. 237. 99.95(US).ReviewedbyJonathanSperberCHRISTIANHOYER.SalisburyundDeutschland:AufienpolitischesDenkenundbritischeDeutschlandpolitikzwischen1856und1880.Husum:MatthiesenVerlag,2008.Pp.507.€69.00.ReviewedbyAnnPotttngerSaabANDREWSMITH.BritishBusinessmenandCanadianConfederation:ConstitutionMakinginanEraofAnglo−Globalization.Montreal,QCandKingston,ON:McGill−Queen′sUniversityPress,2008.Pp.viii,229.80.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Douglas Mccalla
DUNCAN ANDREW CAMPBELL. Unlikely Allies: Britain, America, and the Victorian Origins of a Special Relationship. London and New York, NY: Continuum, 2008. Pp. viii, 307. 34.95(US).ReviewedbyFrancisM.CarrollMARILYNLAKEandHENRYREYNOLDS.DrawingtheGlobalColourLine:WhiteMen′sCountriesandtheInternationalChallengeofRacialEquality.NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2008.Pp.x,371.94.95 (US). Reviewed by Antoinette Burton
CHRISTOPHER KOBRAK. Banking on Global Markets: Deutsche Bank and the United States, 1870 to the Present. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. xx, 484. 45.00(US).ReviewedbyWilliamGlennGrayCECILIAMORGAN.′AHappyHoliday′:EnglishCanadiansandTransatlanticTourism,1870−1930.Toronto,ON:UniversityofTorontoPress,2008.Pp.xxiii,461.37.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Katie Pickles
BILL RAWLING. La mart pour ennemi: La médecine militaire canadienne, 2nd ed., trans. Pierre R. Desrosiers. Outremont, QC: Athéna éditions, 2007; dist. Boisbriand, QC: Prologue. Pp. 373. 34.95(CDN),paper.ReviewedbyGenevieveAllardSONYAGRYPMA.HealingHenan:CanadianNursesattheNorthChinaMission,l888−1947.Vancouver,BC:UniversityofBritishColumbiaPress,2008.Pp.xviii,292.32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by A. Hamish Ion
OLIVER STEIN. Die deutscke Heeresriistungspolitik, 1890-1914: Das Militär und der Primat der Politik. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh, 2007. Pp. 444. €58.00; PETER BAUMGART, BERNHARD R. KROENER, and HEINZ STUBIG, eds. Die Preussische Armee: Zwischen Ancien Régime und Reichsgriindung. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh, 2008. Pp. xiii, 283. €39.90. Reviewed by Holger H. Herwig
IRWIN HALFOND. Maurice Paléologue: The Diplomat, the Writer, the Man, and the Third French Republic. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2007. Pp. xiii, 189. 29.95(US),paper.ReviewedbyRonaldP.BobroffPATRICKH.HASE.TheSix−DayWarofiSgg:HongKongintheAgeofImperialism.HongKong:HongKongUniversityPress,2008;dist.Seattle,WA:UniversityofWashingtonPress.Pp.xii,276.49.50 (US).Reviewed by Priscilla Roberts
JEROME AAN DE WIEL. The Irish Factor, 1899-1999: Ireland's Strategic and Diplomatic Importance for Foreign Powers. Dublin and Portland, OR: Irish Academic Press, 2008. Pp. xx, 428. 75.00(US).ReviewedbyDavidHarknessNICOLASWOLZ.DaslangeWarten:KriegserfahrungendeutscherundbritischerSeeojfziere,1914bis1918.Paderborn:VerlagFerdinandScho¨ningh,2008.Pp.519.€39.90.ReviewedbyJanRu¨gerPAULO′SHEA.ACrossTooHeavy:EugenioPacelli:PoliticsandtheJewsofEurope,1917−1943.Kenthurst,NSW:RosenbergPublishing,2008;dist.Portland,OR:ISBS.Pp.392.35.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Frank J. Coppa
S. A. SMITH. Revolution and the People in Russia and China: A Comparative History. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. viii, 249. 29.99(USXpaper.ReviewedbyStephenR.MackinnonDANIELAROSSINI.WoodrowWilsonandtheAmericanMythinItaly:Culture,Diplomacy,andWarPropaganda,trans.AntonyShugaar.Cambridge,MAandLondon:HarvardUniversityPress,2008.Pp.x,263.49.95 (US). Reviewed by R. J. B. Bosworth
SEAN GREENWOOD. Titan at the Foreign Office: Gladwyn Jebb and the Shaping of the Modern World. Leiden and Boston MA: Martinus Nijhoff, 2008. Pp. xxx, 440. €129.00. Reviewed by John W. Young
ROLF STEININGER. Austria, Germany, and the Cold War: From the Anschluss to the State Treaty, 1938-1955. New York, NY and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2008. Pp. x, 172. 60.00(US).ReviewedbyLotharHobeltKURTF.JENSEN.CautiousBeginnings:CanadianForeignIntelligence,1939−51.Vancouver,BC:UniversityofBritishColumbiaPress,2008.Pp.230.32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by John Ferris
MICHAEL KENNEDY. Guarding Neutral Ireland: The Coast Watching Service and Military Intelligence, 1939-1945. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. x, 358. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Keith Jeffery
RICHARD WIGG. Churchill and