60 research outputs found
Europa als Labyrinth des Abendlandes
Trouver un rĂ©cit qui constituerait un mythe fondateur pour lâEurope, telle est la tĂąche dĂ©finie par Joachim Gauck, PrĂ©sident de la RĂ©publique FĂ©dĂ©rale dâAllemagne. La question qui se pose alors est de savoir si lâon peut retenir le mythe dâEurope et du taureau et sâil peut faire aujourdâhui lâobjet dâune narration permettant lâavĂšnement dâune culture du vivre ensemble. En 1952, le poĂšte de Berlin-Est, Johannes Bobrowski, a montrĂ© de maniĂšre exemplaire Ă travers deux poĂšmes la dialectique inhĂ©rente Ă ce mythe, entre violence et consentement. En 1995, lâauteur autrichien Michael Köhlmeier proposait de lâinterprĂ©ter comme une histoire dâamour, apportant ainsi un dĂ©menti aux cyniques. Hannah Arendt plaide quant Ă elle pour une thĂ©orie de la politique narrative basĂ©e sur la mythologie et le rĂ©cit littĂ©raire dont lâĂ©pisode dâUlysse Ă la cour des PhĂ©aciens fournit une illustration. On peut dâailleurs Ă©tablir des parallĂšles entre la vie de Arendt et celle de ces deux femmes cĂ©lĂšbres, et pourtant incomprises, que furent Edith Stein et Emmy Noether, dont les destins se croisent dans le roman Abendland de Köhlmeier, paru en 2007. La philosophe et la mathĂ©maticienne rejettent lâune comme lâautre le cynisme et le nihilisme de leur entourage universitaire et leurs Ćuvres expriment la quĂȘte dâune harmonie et dâun Ă©quilibre dans une prise en compte lucide du caractĂšre fragmentaire et inachevĂ© de toute entreprise. Le rĂ©cit de leur vie au sein dâune Ă©popĂ©e europĂ©enne offre un modĂšle de cheminement dans une Europe du futur.In the context of the search for a valid foundation myth for Europe, which has recently been encouraged by the President of the Federal Republic Mr Gauck, we have to ask ourselves whether we can still choose the old story of Europe and the bull and retell it in such a way that it can inspire a communitarian culture. In two poems of 1952 about Europe and her seducer, the East Berlin poet Johannes Bobrowski puts to the fore the dialectics of freedom and violence. The Austrian writer Michael Köhlmeier reads the myth as an amorous tale thereby contradicting the cynics. In her narrativist conception of politics, Hannah Arendt emphasizes the importance of mythology and storytelling. In a community of storytellers such as that we come across at the court of the Phaiakians in Homerâs Odyssee, storytelling can initiate action. There are parallels between Arendtâs life and the lives of two famous, but barely understood women of truly European stature who appear in Köhlmeierâs novel Abendland (2007): Edith Stein and Emmy Noether. Both the philosopher and the mathematician react to cynical or nihilistic tendencies in their own academic culture and create works that reveal a search for harmony and unity without denying fragmentation. Their storis, embedded in a European narrative, may lead readers towards new perspectives for a future Europe.Auf der Suche nach einem gĂŒltigen GrĂŒndungsmythos Europas, eine Aufgabe, mit der der deutsche BundesprĂ€sident Gauck uns beauftragt, stellt sich die Frage, ob der Mythos âEuropa und der Stierâ gewĂ€hlt werden kann, so fĂŒr heute erzĂ€hlt werden kann, dass daraus eine Kultur des Miteinanders in Europa entsteht. Der Ostberliner Lyriker Johannes Bobrowski zeigt 1952 exemplarisch in zwei Gedichten die Dialektik des Mythos zwischen Gewalt und Freiwilligkeit; der Ăsterreichische ErzĂ€hler Michael Köhlmeier deutet 1995 den Mythos als Liebesgeschichte und widerspricht damit den Zynikern. Durch Hannah Arendt ist die Bedeutung der Mythologie und des literarischen ErzĂ€hlens in ihrer narrativistischen Auffassung des Politischen begrĂŒndet worden. In einer ErzĂ€hlgemeinschaft wie am Hof der PhĂ€aken in Homers Odyssee kann â in Arendts Worten â âPluralitĂ€tâ und âNatalitĂ€tâ die HandlungsfĂ€higkeit wie SprachaktivitĂ€t initiieren. Arendts Schicksal weist Parallelen zu dem zweier berĂŒhmter, aber kaum verstandener Frauengestalten von europĂ€ischem Format auf, die Köhlmeier in seinem Roman Abendland (2007) zum Sprechen bringt: Edith Stein und Emmy Noether. Die Philosophin und die Mathematikerin setzen sich mit nihilistisch-zynischen Tendenzen in ihrem akademischen Umfeld auseinander und schaffen Werke, in denen nach Strukturen der Harmonie und Geschlossenheit unter wacher BerĂŒcksichtigung der Gebrochenheit und Unvollendetheit der Anstrengungen geforscht wird. Im ErzĂ€hlen ihrer Schicksale in einem Europa-Epos liegt ein Modell fĂŒr Lebenswege in einem zukĂŒnftigen Europa
An taube Ohren der Geschlechter. Das Gedicht als Zeugnis von « Weltsituation » bei Peter HĂŒchel
Le poĂšme de Peter HĂŒchel An taube Ohren der Geschlechter (Aux gĂ©nĂ©rations qui font la sourde oreille) a pour thĂšme « l'Ă©tat du monde » exprimĂ© sous la forme dâun discours sur lâexpĂ©rience de destructions survenues au cours de lâhistoire, rendues sensibles grĂące Ă lâobservation exacte de dĂ©tails singuliers et Ă lâanalyse complexe, faisant place aux contradictions, d'interprĂ©tations rĂ©tro- et prospectives des signes du paysage qui renvoient aux Ă©vĂ©nements historiques.Ce discours lyrique reste un monologue Ă la fois repliĂ© sur lui-mĂȘme et orientĂ© vers le dialogue ; il rĂ©agit Ă des situations historiques trĂšs concrĂštes et cependant â en contradiction avec la thĂ©orie du progrĂšs de l'histoire et des enseignements quâon peut tirer â il nâest pas liĂ© Ă des cas singuliers, non rĂ©currents ; il fait apparaĂźtre avec Ă©vidence, mĂȘme si elles ne sont pas prĂ©sentes en dehors du poĂšme, les structures de catastrophes historiques de dimension apocalyptique.A l'exemple de l'historien de lâAntiquitĂ© Polybe, HĂŒchel propose un modĂšle de tĂ©moignage d'une Ă©thique humaniste auquel il donne la forme dâun appel pressant au lecteur Ă qui il demande d'Ă©couter les cris de douleur de lâhistoire.HĂŒchel thematisiert in seinem Gedicht An taube Ohren der Geschlechter den Ausdruck von « Weltsituation » als Rede von Zerstörungserfahrungen in der Geschichte, die sich an der sinnlich genauen Beobachtung einzelner Details und in der reflexiv-komplex durchdrungenen, WidersprĂŒche zulassenden Analyse des RĂŒck- und Vorausdeutungspotentials der Zeichen in der Landschaft, die fĂŒr geschichtliche Ereignisse stehen, darstellen. Diese lyrische Rede bleibt monologisch auf sich zurĂŒckgeworfen und dennoch dialogisch orientiert ; sie reagiert auf sehr konkrete historische Situationen und ist dennoch â gegen die Theorie geschichtlichen Fortschritts und Lernens â nicht an singulare, nicht wiederkehrende FĂ€lle gebunden ; sie weist klar durchsichtige, wenn auch auĂerhalb des Gedichts nicht prĂ€sent gehaltene Strukturen von geschichtlichen Katastrophen apokalyptischen AusmaĂes auf. Am Beispiel des antiken Geschichtsschreibers Polybios gestaltet HĂŒchel das Modell der Zeugenschaft eines humanen Ethos als eindringlichen Appell an die Leser, auf die Leidensschreie in der Geschichte zu hören
Differential Regulation of PIWI-LIKE 2 Expression in Primordial Germ Cell Tumor Cell Lines by Promoter Methylation
PIWI-LIKE 2, a member of the ARGONAUTE protein family, is exclusively expressed in pre-pachytene and pachytene stages of spermatogenesis. PIWI-LIKE 2 acts in the germ cell development and the silencing of retrotransponsons to maintain the genomic integrity and stem cell character. In the present study we investigated DNA methylation as potential mechanism for the regulation of human PIWI-LIKE 2 expression in cell lines related to spermatozoa precursor cells. We detected a high methylation of the PIWI-LIKE 2 promoter in TCam-2 cells, while in NT2/D1 cells the promoter was hypomethylated. Concordantly, PIWI-LIKE 2 expression is higher in NT2/D1 cells than in TCam-2 cells. By demethylation of the promoter with 5âČ-Aza-2âČ-deoxycytidine, PIWI-LIKE 2 expression in TCam-2 was increased, while in NT2/D1 no alterations in PIWI-LIKE 2 expression could be detected. In conclusion, we analyzed the DNA methylation driving PIWI-LIKE 2 expression in undifferentiated germ cell tumors and demonstrated an epigenetic basis for PIWI-LIKE 2 expression in this cell type
Induction of interleukin-8 preserves the angiogenic response in HIF-1 alpha-deficient colon cancer cells
authorHypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is considered a crucial mediator of the cellular response to hypoxia through its regulation of genes that control angiogenesis^1, ^2, ^3, ^4. It represents an attractive therapeutic target^5, ^6 in colon cancer, one of the few tumor types that shows a clinical response to antiangiogenic therapy^7. But it is unclear whether inhibition of HIF-1 alone is sufficient to block tumor angiogenesis^8, ^9. In HIF-1_α knockdown DLD-1 colon cancer cells (DLD-1^HIF-kd), the hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was only partially blocked. Xenografts remained highly vascularized with microvessel densities identical to DLD-1 tumors that had wild-type HIF-1_α (DLD-1^HIF-wt). In addition to the preserved expression of VEGF, the proangiogenic cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 was induced by hypoxia in DLD-1^HIF-kd but not DLD-1^HIF-wt cells. This induction was mediated by the production of hydrogen peroxide and subsequent activation of NF-_KB. Furthermore, the KRAS oncogene, which is commonly mutated in colon cancer, enhanced the hypoxic induction of IL-8. A neutralizing antibody to IL-8 substantially inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth in DLD-1^HIF-kd but not DLD-1^HIF-wt xenografts, verifying the functional significance of this IL-8 response. Thus, compensatory pathways can be activated to preserve the tumor angiogenic response, and strategies that inhibit HIF-1α may be most effective when IL-8 is simultaneously targeted
From influence to impact: the multifunctional land-use in Mediterranean prehistory emerging from palynology of archaeological sites (8.0-2.8 ka BP)
Archaeobotany is used to discover details on local land uses in prehistoric settlements developed during the middle and beginning of late Holocene. Six
archaeological sites from four countries (Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey) have pollen and charcoal records showing clear signs of the agrarian systems
that had developed in the Mediterranean basin during different cultural phases, from pre-Neolithic to Recent Bronze Age. A selected list of pollen taxa
and sums, including cultivated trees, other woody species, crops and annual or perennial synanthropic plants are analysed for land use reconstructions.
In general, cultivation has a lower image in palynology than forestry, and past land uses became visible when oakwoods were affected by human activities.
On-site palynology allows us to recognise the first influence of humans even before it can be recognised in off-site sequences, and off-site sequences
can allow us to determine the area of influence of a site. Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeological sites show similar land use dynamics implying oak
exploitation, causing local deforestation, and cultivation of cereal fields in the area or around the site. Although a substantial difference makes the
Neolithic influence quite distant from the Bronze Age impact, mixed systems of land exploitation emerged everywhere. Multiple land use activities exist
(multifunctional landscapes) at the same time within the area of influence of a site. Since the Neolithic, people have adopted a diffuse pattern of land use
involving a combination of diverse activities, using trees\u2013crops\u2013domesticated animals. The most recurrent combination included wood exploitation, field
cultivation and animal breeding. The lesson from the past is that the multifunctional land use, combining sylvo-pastoral and crop farming mixed systems,
has been widely adopted for millennia, being more sustainable than the monoculture and a promising way to develop our economy
Evolution and environment of the eastern linear pottery culture: A case study in the site of PolgĂĄr-PiĂłcĂĄsi-DƱlĆ
A salvage excavation preceding a major investment project was conducted in 2006â2007, during which associated settlement features of a Middle Neolithic, Eastern Linear Pottery Culture (Alföld Linearbandkeramik â ALBK) were uncovered in an area called PiĂłcĂĄsi-dƱlĆ on the eastern outskirts of PolgĂĄr. The features of the ALBK settlement date from two periods. The cluster of multi-functional pits yielding a rich assortment of finds, the handful of post-holes and an unusual ritual well found in the southern part of the investigated area formed one unit from the earliest phase of the Middle Neolithic (ALBK I). The settlementâs other occupation can be assigned to the late phase of the Middle Neolithic (ALBK IV). Five houseplans representing the remains of timber-framed buildings outlined a distinct area with three multi-functional pits. Associated with the above features were 8 burials.
The preliminary archaeobotanical results from PolgĂĄrâPiĂłcĂĄsi-dƱlĆ are based on the plant material found within the sediments of 11 archaeological structures, which mainly represent pits and a welI. It can be stated that the natural environment offered habitats in which oak trees dominated in the local vegetation, forming floodplain forests and wooded steppes. They also provided food in the form of fruits and formed an optimal habitat for domestic animals. Arable fields were probably also established in the vicinity of the settlements, suggested by findings of macroscopic plant remains that represented cultivated species.
In both settlement phases lithic production activities are manifested both by the local on-site lithic production and â most importantly â by the presence of imported, mainly mesolocal, raw materials that point to contacts with deposit areas, or off-site preliminary working of obsidian and limnoquartzites. The kit of harvesting tools and a large number of grinding stones â especially in the younger phase â for the preparation of plant food suggest a major role of plant cultivation
UNTERWEGS-ÂââSEIN IN EUROPA ZWISCHEN VERGANGENHEIT UND ZUKUNFT. BENJAMINS UND BOBROWSKIS âWANDERERâ
In his Denkbilder, the Jewish philosopher and homme de lettre Walter Benjamin describes scenes from European metropolises. He offers a glance at quite heterogeneous and freely chosen life styles of the turbulent nineteen-twenties to sketch a possible future for Europe. Todayâs reader of the Denkbilder can hardly suppress the memory of a political and personal crisis, namely that of Benjaminâs flight across the Pyrenees, which ended in the Spanish harbour town Portbou. In the poem Der Wanderer, the writer Johannes Bobrowski, a resident of East Berlin, captures the life of a wanderer who depends on the hospitality of others, because he is either persecuted or his freely chosen lifestyle requires him to roam about. For both authors, travelling becomes a substitute for âHeimatâ and also a way of life that represents the future of Europe. This forward-looking attitude is based on the experience of cataclysmic events that have been memorably expressed in highly literate apocalyptic images. The writer and graphic designer Christoph Meckel emphasizes how life rises out of ruins only to return to them, by embedding the lyrical process in Eastern European villages, thereby creating a country for which Bobrowski had chosen the mythological name âSarmatiaâ, which stands for a messianic utopian vision shared by Benjamin and others
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