Physical Activity and Exercise Promote Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Expression in Adipose Tissues of Obese Adults

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has recently been studied for its potential influence on the functional response of the human body to exercise. We aimed to investigate the association of habitual physical activity (PA) with PPARγ mRNA level in the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) in non-obese and obese non-diabetic adults. Methods: VAT and SAT were obtained from 95 individuals, including 40 non-obese (BMI<30kg/m2) and 55 obese (BMI≥30kg/m2) who underwent elective abdominal surgery (Tehran, Iran, 2012-2015). The assessment of habitual PA was performed by a valid and reliable International PA Questionnaire-long form, and the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) was evaluated. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR evaluated the PPARγ expression in VAT and SAT. Results: PPARγ expression in both VAT (1.18 vs. 0.37 fold change, P<0.001) and SAT (2.07 vs. 0.29 fold change, P=0.004) among obese subjects was higher than the non-obese group. After controlling for age, sex, and total energy intake, a positive association was found between total METs and PPARγ expression in both VAT and SAT among obese participants (β=0.22, P=0.007 and β=0.12, P<0.001, respectively). Among obese participants, there was a direct association between leisure time-related METs with VAT PPARγ expression (β=0.05, P=0.026). Moreover, in this group, an association was observed between occupation-related METs with PPARγ in both fat tissues (β=0.11, P=0.002 and β=0.17, P=0.013, respectively), and household work-related METs with SAT PPARγ (β=0.21, P=0.011). Conclusion: High PA as an indispensable part of a healthy lifestyle may exert its beneficial effect by regulating PPARγ expression.

The Relationship between obesity and overweight in children 3-5 years of Abhar with Parental education and occupation in 2014

Background: Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in body fat in a range that is hazardous to health and is defined as a risk factor for the disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between overweight and obesity in children 3-5 years of parental education and occupation in 2014-2015 the abhar city. Materials and Methods: In cross-sectional study 1804 children 3-5 years old attending 6 public health centers for routine health care were surveyed in 2014. Interview with mother, filling a questionnaire and measurement of weight and height were instruments for data collection. Soft ware of WHO for PL ( WHO anthro version3 2006) and statistical analysis software SPSS (version 19) were used . Overweight and obesity based on BMI/age above 2SD of median was defined by age and sex. Results:Overall, 7.3% of children were overweight. . Highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed in the 49-60 month age group ,but there was no statistically significant. The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher in the girls(4.2%). Overall prevalence of obesity was 1.1%. Which was significantly higher in boys. In this study significant relationship was observed between the level of education of parents and children overweight and obesity and The prevalence increased with increasing levels of education(P< 0.001). The relationship between father occupation and prevalence of overweight and obesity in children was observed. (P = 0.004). Conclusion: The results showed that the level of parents' education and occupation of parents with overweight and obesity in children are related But the mother job was not found. prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in girl

تأثیر اخلاق حرفه‌ای بر کارآفرینی سازمانی و کارآفرینی اجتماعی کارکنان با آزمون نقش میانجی تعهد سازمانی

Background and Aim: Professional ethics can be an effective measure of the development and success of organizations, excellence creation, sustainable development, entrepreneurship and commitment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of professional ethics on organizational entrepreneurship and the social entrepreneurship of employees by examining the mediating role of organizational commitment. Materials and Methods: The present research is of applied type in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of the strategy used. Data was collected through the survey method. The statistical population of the study was made up of all 440 employees of Shiraz Namazi Hospital. Out of these employees, 205 people were selected as the sample size of the study using simple random sampling and Morgan's table. Questionnaires of professional ethics (Cadozier), organizational entrepreneurship (Margaret Hill), social entrepreneurship (Dees) and organizational commitment (Allen &amp; Mayer) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling using SPSS 24 and LISREL 8.8 software. Ethical Considerations: The objectives of the research and the confidentiality of information were explained to the participants and their informed consent was obtained. Findings: The results showed the direct, positive and significant effect of professional ethics on organizational entrepreneurship (P=0.56) and social entrepreneurship (P=0.41), professional ethics on organizational commitment (P=0.22), organizational commitment on organizational entrepreneurship (P=0.22) and Social entrepreneurship (P=0.25) of the staff of Shiraz Namazi Hospital. Results also manifested that professional ethics with the mediating role of organizational commitment impacts organizational entrepreneurship (P=0.05) and social entrepreneurship (P=0.06) of Namazi Hospital staff. Furthermore, it was found that the largest total effect is related to the effect of professional ethics on organizational entrepreneurship (P=0.58). Conclusion: This study showed that professional ethics and organizational commitment have an effective role in organizational and social entrepreneurship and to promote organizational and social entrepreneurship of employees along with entrepreneurship training, these factors should also be considered. &nbsp; Cite this article as: Mahmoodi M, Mohajeran B, Razzaghi M. The Effect of Professional Ethics on Organizational Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship of Employees by Testing the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. Faslnamah-i akhlaq-i pizishki. 2021; 15(46): e26.زمینه و هدف: اخلاق حرفه‌ای می‌تواند معیاری مؤثر در توسعه و موفقیت سازمان‌ها، برای ایجاد تعالی، توسعه پایدار، کارآفرینی و تعهد باشد. از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر اخلاق حرفه‌ای بر کارآفرینی سازمانی و کارآفرینی اجتماعی کارکنان با آزمون نقش میانجی تعهد سازمانی انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌‌ها: پژوهش حاضر بر اساس هدف، کاربردی و بر اساس نوع روش توصیفی ـ همبستگی و از لحاظ گردآوری اطلاعات پیمایشی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه کارکنان بیمارستان نمازی شیراز به تعداد 440 نفر بود. حجم نمونه با توجه به جامعه آماری و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده و جدول مورگان 205 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه‌های اخلاق حرفه‌ای (Cadozier)، کارآفرینی سازمانی (Margaret Hill)، کارآفرینی اجتماعی (Dees) و تعهد سازمانی (Allen &amp; Mayer) استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق روش‌های آماری ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS 25 و LISREL 8.8 انجام شد. ملاحظات اخلاقی: درباره اهداف پژوهش و محرمانگی اطلاعات به شرکت‌کنندگان توضیح داده شد و رضایت آگاهانه آن‌ها اخذ گردید. یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که اخلاق حرفه‌ای بر کارآفرینی سازمانی (56/0) و کارآفرینی اجتماعی (41/0)، اخلاق حرفه‌ای بر تعهد سازمانی (22/0)، تعهد سازمانی بر کارآفرینی سازمانی (22/0) و کارآفرینی اجتماعی (25/0)، کارکنان بیمارستان نمازی شیراز تأثیر مستقیم، مثبت و معنی‌داری دارد. اخلاق حرفه‌ای با نقش میانجی تعهد سازمانی بر کارآفرینی سازمانی (05/0) و کارآفرینی اجتماعی (06/0) کارکنان بیمارستان نمازی تأثیر دارد. همچنین بیشترین اثر کل مربوط به اثر اخلاق حرفه‌ای بر کارآفرینی سازمانی (58/0) می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد اخلاق حرفه‌ای و تعهد سازمانی نقش مؤثری بر کارآفرینی سازمانی و اجتماعی دارند و به منظور ارتقای کارآفرینی سازمانی و اجتماعی کارکنان در کنار آموزش کارآفرینی، این عوامل نیز باید مورد نظر قرار گیرند

Fast Food Intake Increases the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between fast food consumption and incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among children and adolescents over a 3.6 year follow-up. Dietary data of 424 healthy subjects, aged 6-18 years, was collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Cook et al criteria. Consumption of fast foods including hamburgers, sausages, bologna (beef), and fried potatoes was calculated and further categorized to quartiles. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the incidence of MetS and its components in each quartile of fast food intake. The incidence of MetS was 11.3% after a 3.6 year follow up. In the fully adjusted model, compared to the lowest quartile of fast food intake, individuals in the highest had odds ratios of 2.96 (95% CI: 1.02-8.63; P for trend<0.001), 2.82 (95% CI: 1.01-7.87; P for trend = 0.037), and 2.58 (95% CI: 1.01-6.61; P for trend = 0.009) for incidence of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, and abdominal obesity, respectively. No significant association was found between fast food intakes and other components of MetS. Fast food consumption is associated with the incidence of MetS, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia in Tehranian children and adolescents

Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil effects on the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of cow milk butter during the storage at 4°c

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of Ziziphora cliniopodioides on the physicochemical and microbial properties of Iranian traditional cow milk butter. The Z. cliniopodioides essential oil (EO) was extracted by Clevenger. The EO constituents were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Three butter samples with concentrations of 300, 600, and 900 ppm were prepared from the EO. The variation of physicochemical and microbial properties of butter was evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 at 4°C. Based on GC-MS analysis results, the major EO compounds were Carvacrol (40.1%), Linalool (8.30%), and Isoborneol (4.90%). The results of the microbial evaluation showed that the amount of microbial load is significantly reduced by increasing concentrations of EO and the maintenance time of the butter. The logarithmic reduction of the total count of bacteria, Escherichia coli, and the total number of mold and yeast were 3.68, 1.76 and 3.83 (log10 CFU/mL) at 900 ppm, respectively. The peroxide and acid values of butter samples were also decreased significantly. Additionally, the sensory evaluation showed that the EO had acceptable desirable sensory acceptance at 300, 600, and 900 ppm, and the lowest sensory acceptance was observed at 900 ppm. Considering the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of Z. cliniopodioides EO, as well as improving the organoleptic properties of various foods such as butter and its abundance as a native plant in the country, it can be used as a natural preservative and flavoring agent instead of chemical ones

Dietary intakes according to quartiles of fast food intake among children and adolescents at baseline: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

<p>Dietary intakes according to quartiles of fast food intake among children and adolescents at baseline: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.</p

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CIs) for incident MetS and its components according to quartiles of fast food intake, among children and adolescents during a 3.6-year follow-up.

<p>Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CIs) for incident MetS and its components according to quartiles of fast food intake, among children and adolescents during a 3.6-year follow-up.</p

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CIs) for incident metabolic syndrome according to quartiles of fast food items, among children and adolescents during 3.6-year follow-up.

<p>Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CIs) for incident metabolic syndrome according to quartiles of fast food items, among children and adolescents during 3.6-year follow-up.</p

Baseline characteristics of participants according to quartiles of fast food consumption.

<p>Baseline characteristics of participants according to quartiles of fast food consumption.</p