Copper-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation, Deuteration, and Selective Transfer Hydrodeuteration of Aryl Alkynes

Transfer hydrogenation utilizes a non-H2 source of hydrogen to reduce double and triple bonds, utilizing transition metal catalysts in addition to some organocatalysts. The use of earth-abundant first row transition metals with ligands that fine tune the reactivity of the catalyst allows for the selective reduction of unsaturated functionalities by utilizing cheap and ubiquitous hydrogen sources such as water and various alcohols. This precludes the need for highly flammable H2 gas, which is often used with heterogeneous catalysts that offer limited selectivity and functional group tolerability. Catalysts optimized for the transfer hydrogenation of the desired functionality can be implemented to achieve the desired degree of reduction with high specificity. Currently, many methods for transfer hydrogenation rely on highly polarized -systems such as imines, ketones, and a,b-unsaturated ketones, and there are limited examples of transfer hydrogenation methods for the reduction of nonpolarized acetylenes. Herein, methods for the transfer hydrogenation of nonpolarized aryl alkynes will be described. To expand upon the novelty of the described transfer hydrogenation, a method for the incorporation of four deuterium in a single step by transfer deuteration was developed simply by substituting the hydrogen sources for their deuterated analogues. The recent FDA approval of the first deuterated drug molecule, Deutetrabenazine, has generated interest for the development of methods for the installation of deuterium, though isotopically labeled compounds have many uses across the field of chemistry including as analytical standards, mechanistic probes, and drug metabolism studies. In the context of pharmaceutical development, the selectivity of deuterium incorporation is extremely important, as isotopic impurities can diminish the overall therapeutic impact of a deuterated drug molecule. With this in mind, the methods for transfer hydrogenation and transfer deuteration were further developed to demonstrate the highly selective bisdeuteration of aryl acetylenes. In this work, I will describe my contributions to the development and scope of the transfer hydrogenation, transfer deuteration, and selective transfer hydrodeuteration of aryl alkynes

Non-linear electrical actuation and detection

A method and system is disclosed to detect and analyze an electric signal based on movement between an element and a counter electrode influenced by a nonlinear electric field produced by an electrical signal impressed between the element and counter electrode. Through detection of changes in the distance between the element and the counter electrode characteristics of the element and/or the environment of the element may be ascertained. Changes in the distance between the element and the counter electrode may be monitored based on changes in the value of capacitance between the element and counter electrode. The disclosed devices and methods may be employed to detect, for instance, presence of chemical/biological species in a sample or measure physical parameters of a sample such as pressure/acceleration, density, viscosity, magnetic force, temperature, and/or extremely small masses

Defining the most suitable cycling routes for certain scenarios using the multicriteria analysis : Master's Thesis

Prikazana je metodologija odabira biciklističkih ruta za pojedine scenarije koja se temelji na metodama sustavnog inženjerstva i to na višekriterijalnoj analizi uz korištenje GIS-a (Geografskog informacijskog sustava). Predložena metodologija omogućava cjelovito i sustavno rješavanje problema, pri čemu su u obzir uzeti mnogobrojni elementi. Rezultat je prijedlog biciklističkih ruta koje predstavljaju najbolje kompromisno rješenje u skladu s kriterijima i preferencijama sudionika.The methodology for cycling routes for certain scenarios selection, based on the systems engineering methods, including multicriteria analysis and GIS, is presented. The proposed methodology enables an integral and systemic resolution of problems, with many considered elements. The result is the cycling routes proposal that constitutes the best possible compromise solution

Pork Industry Handbook Internal Parasites of Swine: Natural History and Control

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu