Clinico-biochemical profile and etiology of acute viral hepatitis in hospitalized children: A study from Eastern India

Background: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in children continues to be a major public health problem in India. Objective: To identify the etiology, and to assess the clinical and biochemical profile, complications and outcome of AVH in children. Materials and Methods: A total of 76 children with the clinical diagnosis of AVH were included in this record based retrospective study from January 2014 to August 2016. Data on clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, immediate outcome, and treatment received were obtained, and analysis was performed. Results: Specific etiological agents were identified in 84.2% children. Out of these, 93.7% were due to a single virus, whereas 6.3% were due to mixed infection. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was found to be the sole infecting agent in 75% children. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) were found in 12.5% and 6.2% children, respectively. Mixed infection was seen in the form of HAV and HEV in 3.1%, and HAV and HBV in 3.1%. The mean age of children with hepatitis A was 8.29±2.74 years, with 70.8% boys and 29.2% girls. Common clinical features were jaundice (95.8%), loss of appetite (95.8%), tender hepatomegaly (68.8%), fever (50%), vomiting (50%), pain abdomen (33.3%), splenomegaly (31.2%), itching (27.1%), bleeding (2.1%), and seizure (2.1%). Acute liver failure was seen in 4.1% and 2% of admitted children died. The mean age of presentation of AVH due to HBV and HEV were 10.7±2.6 years and 10±2.2 years, respectively. Clinical features were similar without any complications or mortality. Significant elevations in hepatic enzymes were seen in mixed infection due to HAV and HEV (p<0.05). Conclusion: HAV is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality due to AVH in this region. HBV and HEV infection may present with similar clinical features, and serological testing must be done to identify the cause

ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN A NEW TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF A TRIBAL DISTRICT OF ODISHA

Objective: India accounts for about one-fourth of the global TB burden. WHO TB statistics for India for 2018 gives an estimated incidence fig. of 2.69 million cases (199 per one lakh population). Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality of the TB patient if these drugs continued after symptoms of hepatotoxicity develop. Whether the hepatotoxicity is due to individual drugs or due to additive effects is still unclear. The management therapy for TB patients with anti-TB DIH is imperative to ensure successful TB treatment and not recurrence DIH. Aim of the current study is to find out the pattern of Liver enzyme raised after antitubercular therapy in the tribal population of Koraput district where different phylogenetic populations reside where clinically it was observed by the physician little early onset of hepatotoxicity than national and international data. Methods: A prospective study was done after clearance from the Institutional Ethical Committee, Saheed Laxman Nayak Medical College, Koraput, from January 2019 to December 2019. Patients with>15 y of age with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis with normal liver enzymes were included. Patients having abnormal liver enzymes before treatment, seropositive TB patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, pregnant ladies and children<15 y of age were excluded. Results: Out of 922 patients in total; 4.78% (44) tuberculosis patients developed anti TB DIH. 68.18% (30) patients are below 50 y of age and 31.82% (14) are above 50 y of age group among TB patients with DIH. Age has no statistically significant influence on the occurrence of anti-TB DIH, but there is a statistically significant influence of sex on the occurrence of anti TB DIH. The mean occurrence of anti TB DIH is 18±18.16 d. One case of anti TB DIH patients shows signs and symptoms as early as on day 6th. The commonest symptoms are nausea and vomiting in 64% of patients who developed DIH. Interruption of ATT after DIH occurred in 79.54% of patients with recurrence in only 9.9% of patients after the reintroduction of ATT. Conclusion: Anti TB DIH mostly occurred between 7-28 d of starting the ATT in this geographical region. The duration of the anti TB ATT regimen is prolonged due to DIH. We recommend that all patients should have LTs 2 w after starting ATT, even if asymptomatic

Performance of summer sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids under different nutrient management practices in coastal Odisha

The field experiment was conducted at Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during summer 2014 to find out appropriate hybrids and nutrient management practices for summer sunflower. Application of recommended dose of Fertiliser(RDF) i.e. 60-80- 60 kg N, P2O5-K2O ha -1 + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha -1 recorded the maximum capitulum diameter (15.60cm), seed yield (2.17 t ha -1 ), stover yield (4.88 t ha -1 ) and oil yield (0.91 t ha -1 ), while application of RDF + Boron@ 1 kg ha-1 recorded the highest number of total seed (970) and filled seed per capitulum (890) with the lowest unfilled seed (80) and sterility percentage (9.0%). The hybrid ‘Super-48’ recorded the highest seed and oil yield of 2.17 and 0.91 t ha -1 , respectively, at recommended dose of fertiliser + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha -1 . Experiment was conducted in evaluating the new hybrids in addition to evaluate the response of variety to different nutrient management practices

Agroforestry practices for physiological amelioration of salt aff ected soils

Agroforestry is a sustainable land use system act as an alternative form of biological reclamation in salt affected soils apart from sustainable production, continuous income, and regular employment along with food and nutrition security. In general, salt affected soils get ameliorated by tree species; however, following factors such as nature and type of tree species planted, growth habit, quantity and quality of litter production, planting density, nitrogen fixation, and different management practices are influenced. In the present study, various studies pertaining to soil reclamation in the salt affected soils are reviewed. Overall result showed that trees grown with crops, horticultural crops, pastures resulted in improvement of physical and chemical properties of soil under various agroforestry systems. For instance, reduction of soil pH, electrical conductivity, and exchangeable sodium percentage minimization of salt deposition in the upper layers of the soil, improvement of water permeability and water holding capacity, improvement of infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity with soil fertility, enhancement of cation exchange capacity, and other features are characteristics of soil as influenced by tree species, as well as through agroforestry practices. Various multipurpose tree species such as Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia nilotica, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia arjuna, Casuarina equisetifolia, Prosopis cineraria, Prosopis juliflora; and fruit trees such as Zizyphus jujuba, Emblica officinalis, Syzygium cumini, and Tamarindus indica ameliorated the different salt affected soils in different agroforestry systems viz., agrisilvicultural system, silvipastoral system, multipurpose wood lot, and agrihorisilvicultural system. Thus, agroforestry system provides an alternative for restoring soil health and amelioration of salt affected soils for further yield improvement. Therefore, these species are suggested for reclamation of salt affected soil through agroforestry systems

Marine Fishery Resources of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh with a coastline of 974 km encompassing 9 coastal districts has had a long history of fishing. Starting with traditional fishing in ancient times to the modern, technology-intensive fishing, the marine fisheries sector of the state has grown tremendously reaching record landings of 3.42 lakh tonnes in 2014. The state has 555 marine fishing villages with 353 marine fish landing centres (CMFRI Marine Fisheriers Census, 2010). There are two major fishing harbors at Visakhapatnam and Kakinada where bulk of total trawl catch (nearly 70%) is landed and three minor fishing harbors at Bhairavapalem, Machilipatnam and Nizamapatnam. The marine fishermen population of the state is more than 6 lakhs with roughly a quarter of them, being acive in fishery related activities throughout the year. There are 31,741 fishing crafts in the marine fisheries of Andhra pradesh (CMFRI Marine Fisheriers Census, 2010). The marine fisheries sector, at present, is an important source of employment and income generation in the state, but is plagued with several problems. As because, this sector is vulnerable to external influences viz., overexploitation of marine resources, environmental degradation and climate change, efficient management is the need of the hour

आंध्रा प्रदेश मेें विशाखपट्टणम तट के समुद्री शैवाल संसाधन

आंध्रा प्रदेश मेें विशाखपट्टणम तट के समुद्री शैवाल संसाध

Metal nanoparticle alters adenine induced charge transfer kinetics of vitamin K3 in magnetic field

In this article, we highlight the alterations in the photoinduced electron transfer (ET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathways between an anti-tumor drug vitamin-K3 (MQ) and a nucleobase adenine (ADN) in the presence of gold (Au) and iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs). Inside the confined micellar media, with laser flash photolysis corroborated with an external magnetic field (MF), we have detected the transient geminate radicals of MQ and ADN, photo-generated through ET and HAT. We observe that the presence of AuNP on the MQ-ADN complex (^(Au)MQ-ADN) assists HAT by limiting the ET channel, on the other hand, FeNP on the MQ-ADN complex (^(Fe)MQ-ADN) mostly favors a facile PET. We hypothesize that through selective interactions of the ADN molecules with AuNP and MQ molecules with FeNP, a preferential HAT and PET process is eased. The enhanced HAT and PET have been confirmed by the escape yields of radical intermediates by time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy in the presence of MF

A Brief Review on phytoconstituents and Ethnopharmacology of Scoparia dulcis Linn. (Scrophulariaceae)

Scoparia dulcis Linn.(S. dulcis)or sweet broom weed commonly known as Mithipatti and Bana Dhania in Western Orissa, it is also known as ‘GhodaTulsi’in Hindi. The present review attempts to narrate the chemical constituents of S.dulcis and their uses. S.dulcis is rich in flavones, terpenes and steroids. Main chemical constituents such as scoparic acid A-C, scopadulcic acid A and B, scopadulciol, scopadulin and ammelin have been shown to contribute to the observed medicinal effect of the plant. In this review we have composed the structure and functions of those active ingredients with their melting point and other physical properties individually.Some aspects of the several speculated pharmacological properties of S. dulcis have been validated by scientific research, which includes the presence of hypoglycaemic and anti-tumour promoting compound. It also has antimicrobial and antifungal effects as well as antihyperlipidemic action