Fusing Continuous-valued Medical Labels using a Bayesian Model

With the rapid increase in volume of time series medical data available through wearable devices, there is a need to employ automated algorithms to label data. Examples of labels include interventions, changes in activity (e.g. sleep) and changes in physiology (e.g. arrhythmias). However, automated algorithms tend to be unreliable resulting in lower quality care. Expert annotations are scarce, expensive, and prone to significant inter- and intra-observer variance. To address these problems, a Bayesian Continuous-valued Label Aggregator(BCLA) is proposed to provide a reliable estimation of label aggregation while accurately infer the precision and bias of each algorithm. The BCLA was applied to QT interval (pro-arrhythmic indicator) estimation from the electrocardiogram using labels from the 2006 PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge database. It was compared to the mean, median, and a previously proposed Expectation Maximization (EM) label aggregation approaches. While accurately predicting each labelling algorithm's bias and precision, the root-mean-square error of the BCLA was 11.78$\pm$0.63ms, significantly outperforming the best Challenge entry (15.37$\pm$2.13ms) as well as the EM, mean, and median voting strategies (14.76$\pm$0.52ms, 17.61$\pm$0.55ms, and 14.43$\pm$0.57ms respectively with $p<0.0001$)

Sea-Level Rise Practitioner Workshop Report: Leading Practices and Current Challenges

Seas are rising, and so is action in coastal communities to prepare. The uncertain timing of rising seas, difficulties evaluating long-term rise while facing more immediate causes of flooding such as typhoons and fluvial flooding, and simply the threat of permanent inundation of coastal zones settled for hundreds or thousands of years presents unprecedented challenges. As in all sectors impacted by anthropogenic climate change, working with others facing novel challenges to share progress and difficulties, collaborate regionally, and build competence and confidence in finding solutions can be invaluable

Uveitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A cohort study

OBJECTIVE: Assess the incidence of intraocular inflammation (uveitis) and ocular complications in children with various types of JIA in a single cohort of patients. PATIENTS: Included are 172 children (35 boys and 137 girls) diagnosed with JIA. All underwent thorough initial ophthalmologic examination and were followed for a minimum of 3 years. RESULTS: Of 172 children with JIA, 152 (88.4%) presented with arthritis. Uveitis was detected in 14 of the152 children (9.2%) during the first ophthalmic examination. In 17 additional patients of this group (11.2%), uveitis developed during the follow up period of up to 15 years. Twenty children out of the total of 172 (11.6%) presented initially with uveitis. In children developing uveitis before or along with arthritic manifestations, the ocular disease was chronic with a high rate of secondary complications (band keratopathy, glaucoma, posterior synechiae and cataract). In all affected eyes the initial ocular inflammation was typically confined to the anterior segment. On longer follow up however, most children developed binocular disease and posterior segment involvement. Dense cataract and amblyopia were the major cause of severe visual disabilities. CONCLUSION: Pauciarticular JIA is associated with intraocular inflammation (uveitis) early during the arthritic disease course. The ocular disease course is unpredictable. Therefore education of parents regarding its signs and symptoms is of utmost importance. To preserve functional vision, secondary ocular complications and amblyopia should be avoided

Les voies internationales de la reproduction sociale

Cet article est issu d’une recherche doctorale portant, entre autres aspects, sur les mobilités des enfants de la grande bourgeoisie turque vers l’étranger. La mobilité, qui peut parfois prendre l’allure d’une migration d’assez longue durée, a pour objectif la formation à l’étranger, particulièrement aux États-Unis et dans quelques pays européens, des enfants de la bourgeoisie d’affaires et de la bureaucratie, civile et militaire, qui formeront la future élite de la Turquie moderne. Cette pratique, déjà ancienne en Turquie, a pris ces dernières années une tournure nouvelle et plus générale ; elle montre comment la mobilité ou la migration pour études permet aux futurs cadres et élites de se former à l’étranger dans l’optique d’un retour socialement et économiquement valorisé, loin de la définition habituelle de l’exode des cerveaux. L’article s’appuie sur un travail de représentation par graphes des réseaux construits entre la Turquie et le reste du monde, souvent centré sur les États-Unis.International means of social reproduction. Migratory paths for Turkish upper class members. The present paper originates in a doctoral piece of research which analyzes, among other points, the mobility of young people belonging to the upper class to foreign countries. Such mobility may, in some cases, be considered as a migration process over a rather long period of time. It is primarily meant to complete the education and training abroad, especially in the United States and some European countries, of children of the business bourgeoisie and the civilian and military bureaucracy, who are the future elite of modern Turkey. That practice has existed for a long time in Turkey, but it took, in recent years, a new and more generalized turn. It highlights the way in which mobility, or migration for studies, allows the future higher executives and elite to be educated abroad, with the prospect of a socially and economically enhanced status, and it has nothing to do with the usual definition of brain drain. The paper is based upon a representation in graphs of the networks built between Turkey and the rest of the world, and frequently focused upon the United States.Las vías internacionales de la reproducción social. Trayectorias migratorias de la gran burguesía turca. Este artículo deriva de una investigación doctoral que se centra, entre otros aspectos, en la movilidad hacia el extranjero de los niños de la gran burguesía turca. El objetivo de dicha movilidad, que puede en ocasiones convertirse en una emigración de gran duración, es de formar en el extranjero (particularmente en Estados Unidos y en varios países europeos) a los niños de la burguesía de negocios y de la burocracia civil y militar; niños que formarán parte de la futura élite de la Turquía moderna. Esta práctica, ya anciana en Turquía, ha tomado estos últimos años una nueva orientación: la movilidad o la emigración por estudios permite a los futuros altos cargos y elites formarse en el extranjero bajo la óptica de un retorno social y económicamente revalorizado y muy diferente de la definición habitual de la fuga de cerebros. El artículo se apoya sobre un trabajo de representación grafica de redes que ligan Turquía al resto del mundo redes que se centran a menudo en Estados Unidos

L’inscription de l’héritier dans la lignée. Filiation, affiliation et réussite sociale en grande bourgeoisie turque

This article examines specific patterns of adaptation and transmission within families belonging to Turkish high bourgeoisie. Following anthropologist Harold Scheffler’s statement that a rule of descent is a special kind of a rule of filiation and thus doesn’t automatically involve affiliation, I present the various levels and criteria of heir’s affiliation to the lineage. I show that internalization of such schemes of perception and evaluation is directly related to the process of individualization. Their activation requires compromises with the plurality of situations encountered during the heir’s socialization, between parental expectations and personal ambitions, and between justification of oneself regarding significant others and justification of oneself regarding oneself. Rules of descent in Turkish high bourgeoisie hinge upon channels of inter-legitimacy in which the reference to the pioneers of the Republic is a proof of authenticity leaving apart Ottoman lineage. However, on the basis of elements brought by the analysis of contemporary historiography, one can build bridges between Ottoman and republican bourgeoisies, both defined as a group held by chains of inter-recognition and common values, rather than as a class exclusively involved in capitalist development. Therefore, the capacity of these families to hold up their positions, despite the abrogation of their titles and the introduction of patronymics, involved original strategies of filiation, such as combining patrifiliation and matrilocality. Finally, case studies’ discourse on the achievements of previous generations is interpreted as part of a continuing renegotiation of heir’s identification to the role he perceives as assigned to him

La troisième génération de la grande bourgeoisie turque

L’objectif de cet article est de décrypter les modalités de la reconversion des ressources d’une grande bourgeoisie cosmopolite dans un système économique et scolaire globalisé, et ce dans un contexte inédit : la Turquie. La compréhension des mécanismes qui régulent la reconversion des ressources et la redistribution des privilèges exige de distinguer les anciens des nouveaux, dès lors qu’il y a un temps légitime de la richesse. L’analyse porte ainsi sur les processus de transmission et les rites d’initiation spécifiques d’un collectif de familles partageant des référents d’ancienneté et une même volonté de mobiliser les ressources offertes par le champ international. Le voyage initiatique des héritiers de la grande bourgeoisie turque est un voyage au sens littéral. Il s’articule autour d’un cycle migratoire complexe comportant plusieurs départs et plusieurs retours. La dimension internationale des rites de passage en milieu bourgeois est désormais l’élément central d’un modèle de transmission déterminant l’accès aux formations d’excellence et aux positions les plus sélectives, tant dans le champ international que dans le milieu d’origine.This article aims at exploring the way a cosmopolitan bourgeoisie has converted its social resources in the context of a globalized education and economy, through the case study of Turkey. The understanding of the mechanisms governing the reconversion of resources and the distribution of privileges requires distinguishing old patterns from new perspectives. We analyze the transmission process and the specific rites of initiation within a group of families all possessing an extensive social capital accumulated over time and sharing a common agenda to mobilize the resources offered by the international market. The initiatory journey of the heirs of the Turkish bourgeoisie is a journey in the literal sense, as it involves a complex migratory cycle with several departures and returns. The international dimension of the rites of initiation is the central element of a model of transmission determining access to prestigious educational institutions and to the most selective working positions, both on the international market and in the country of origin

Les Universités privées d’Istanbul

La majorité des universités privées existant en Turquie ont été fondées après 1995. Bien qu’elles soient en très rapide expan­sion, elles représentent encore un phénomène très minoritaire dans le pays, avec une concentration géographique sur Ankara et Istanbul, malgré l'opération complexe et coûteuse que représente la construction de vastes campus dans ces deux mégapoles. Ce dossier se concentre particulièrement sur sept universités stambouliotes (Bilgi, Koç, Sabancı, Yeditepe, Kadir Has, Ba..

TRAV1-2(+) CD8(+) T-cells including oligoconal expansions of MAIT cells are enriched in the airways in human tuberculosis

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells typically express a TRAV1-2(+) semi-invariant TCRalpha that enables recognition of bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal riboflavin metabolites presented by MR1. MAIT cells are associated with immune control of bacterial and mycobacterial infections in murine models. Here, we report that a population of pro-inflammatory TRAV1-2(+) CD8(+) T cells are present in the airways and lungs of healthy individuals and are enriched in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). High-throughput T cell receptor analysis reveals oligoclonal expansions of canonical and donor-unique TRAV1-2(+) MAIT-consistent TCRalpha sequences within this population. Some of these cells demonstrate MR1-restricted mycobacterial reactivity and phenotypes suggestive of MAIT cell identity. These findings demonstrate enrichment of TRAV1-2(+) CD8(+) T cells with MAIT or MAIT-like features in the airways during active TB and suggest a role for these cells in the human pulmonary immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis