Chemochemical caries removal: a review of the techniques and latest developments

Chemomechanical caries removal involves the chemical softening of carious dentine followed by its removal by gentle excavation. The reagent involved is generated by mixing amino acids with sodium hypochlorite; N-monochloroamino acids are formed which selectively degrade demineralised collagen in carious dentine. The procedure requires 5-15 minutes but avoids the painful removal of sound dentine thereby reducing the need for local anaesthesia. It is well suited to the treatment of deciduous teeth, dental phobics and medically compromised patients. The dentine surface formed is highly irregular and well suited to bonding with composite resin or glass ionomer. When complete caries removal is achieved, the dentine remaining is sound and properly mineralised. The system was originally marketed in the USA in the 1980's as Caridex. Large volumes of solution and a special applicator system were required. A new system, Carisolv, has recently been launched on to the market. This comes as a gel, requires volumes of 0.2-1.0 ml and is accompanied by specially designed instruments

MA

thesisThe material presented and analyzed in this paper was excavated in November 1939 by Professor Elmer R. Smith, Dr. C. E. Dibble and a group of about one hundred students in archeology from the University of Utah. The artifacts were catalogued and classified "by Dr. Dibble. As in any other archeological investigation, the problem is threefold; (1), to identify the people whose material culture has been recovered; (2), to find out to what other-peoples in the same area they were related culturally; and (3), to determine the period of time they occupied the area

Integrated ultrasonic particle positioning and low excitation light fluorescence imaging

A compact hybrid system has been developed to position and detect fluorescent micro-particles by combining a Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) imager with an acoustic manipulator. The detector comprises a SPAD array, light-emitting diode (LED), lenses, and optical filters. The acoustic device is formed of multiple transducers surrounding an octagonal cavity. By stimulating pairs of transducers simultaneously, an acoustic landscape is created causing fluorescent micro-particles to agglomerate into lines. The fluorescent pattern is excited by a low power LED and detected by the SPAD imager. Our technique combines particle manipulation and visualization in a compact, low power, portable setup

The individual and changing rural society in Malta: a study of some aspects of the social and economic geography of the Maltese islands

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The phonetics of labialized velars in Ancient Greek

This thesis investigates conditioned sound changes of Proto-Indo-European labialized velars *kw, *gw, and *gwh to labials, coronals, and velars in Ancient Greek. Acoustic and perceptual experiments in British English and Western Zapotec provide typological evidence to inform conclusions regarding the phonetic inception of the sound changes. Before back vowels and consonants PIE labialized velars became labials in Ancient Greek. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed for these sound changes: perceptual confusion, in which e.g. *kw developed to /p/ via misperception due to acoustic similarity between the two stops (Ohala, 1989, 1993); and incremental articulatory change, in which e.g. *kw gradually developed to /kp/ and then /p/ (Whatmough, 1937; Garrett & Johnson, 2013). The acoustic studies here found little acoustic or perceptual similarity between /kw/ and /p/ in any vocalic environment, indicating that the latter explanation is more plausible. Before front vowels PIE labialized velars became coronals. Philologists have proposed developmental pathways involving processes of incremental palatalization. This thesis finds evidence for coarticulatory fronting of the velar articulation of labialized velars in front vowel environments, but the effect is language-specific and its auditory prominence depends upon the durational overlap of the primary and secondary articulations. Increased auditory prominence of coarticulatory fronting in mid vowel environments may explain divergent developments of *gwh in Greek to labials before front vowels and to coronals before front mid vowels. Before the back round vowel /u/ the PIE labialized velars lost contrastive labialization in Greek. The acoustic and perceptual experiments support a perceptual reanalysis account, in which contrastive secondary labialization of the velar is reinterpreted as coarticulatory rounding adjacent to a rounded vowel

Clinical vignette: A rare case of dizziness and falls

A 64 y/o hispanic male was brought to the hospital by his family with confusion & hallucinations. His vital signs were within normal limits except for positive orthostatics. Pertinent exam findings included scanned speech, head titubation, glabellar sign & positive grasp reflex, increased tone in upper extremities and trunchal rigidity. Cerebellar signs were also abnormal with ataxic gait. Initial work up included infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic causes, all of which were negative. Several days into the hospitalization, additional history was obtained from the family. The patient had a history of long standing progressive deterioration in gait and balance. He also had increasingly frequent falls. Also mentioned, were changes in mood, behavior, and a history of urinary incontinence. Complicating these findings was a history of drugs and alcohol use by the patient years before. The patient has a sister with a similar condition and features, but the sister does not have any history of drug or alcohol abuse and functions at a higher level despite her older age. Based on history and physical exam, the diagnosis of probable Multi-system Atrophy (MSA) with predominant cerebellar ataxia was made. An MRI of the brain showed cerebellar atrophy with pontine flattening. The patient was treated with atypical antipsychotics while receiving supportive care including physical and occupational therapy. Conclusion This case illustrates the presence of familial MSA with genetic predisposition. MSA is a rare condition that may not be easily recognized. There is only one known study from Germany suggesting that genetic predisposition in MSA does occur. In addition, our case stresses the importance of good history and physical exam to diagnose this condition. Although unusual, Internists should familiarize themselves with MSA and the various presentation of the disease

Clinical vignette: MAC-IRIS in HIV/AIDS patient presents as endo-bronchial lung mass lesion

In April 2010 we admitted a 26 year old male with HIV/AIDS for evaluation of persistent fever and diarrhea. At his initial diagnosis of HIV in January 2010 his CD4 count was 8 and (HIV) viral load 590,000 copies/ml. He was started on ART therapy in February 2010. Fever evaluation revealed PET scan with left lower lobe lung mass with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy concerning for AIDS related lymphoma, and stool culture stained positive for acid fast bacilli. Viral load on admission was 3200 copies/ml and CD4 count was 131. Lung mass biopsy showed organizing pneumonia with necrotizing granulomas consistent with MAC pneumonia. The biopsy culture and a thoracentesis fluid specimen subsequently grew MAC. Diagnosis of disseminated MAC IRIS was made and the patient was started on four-drug therapy for MAC with continuation of ART

The Erie Canal: A Founding of a Village, Early Industry, and a Century of Change

This thesis consists of three parts: A Review of Scholarship on the Erie Canal and the Underground Railroad River Phoenix: The Rebirth and the Future of the Erie Canal Hometown History: Teaching With Historic Markers The author did not provide an abstract within this thesis, so this summary is provided by the repository staff