Komunikasi verbal yang digunakan oleh jururawat kepada pesakit tidak sedar diri atau disedasikan 01 ICU, HUSM

PENDAHULUAN: Komunikasi merupakan satu proses yang dinamik dan komplek. Komunikasi memainkan peranan penting di dalam bidang kesihatan untuk menjalinkan perhubungan terapeutik dengan pesakit dan memberi sokongan emosi serta maklumat kepada pesakit. Pesakit memerlukkan maklumat tentang keadaan penyakit, fizikal, prognosis dan tatacara yang akan dilakukan kepada mereka. Di ICU komunikasi verbal perlu diberi keutamaan kerana pesakit yang menggunakan bantuan ventilasi masih boleh mendengar walaupun mereka tidak sedar diri akibat dilumpuhkan atau disedasikan. OBJEKTIF: Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengukur tempoh masa dan mengenalpasti kandungan komunikasi verbal yang digunakan oleh jururawat semasa memberi jagarawatan kepada pesakit tidak sedar diri atau disedasikan di ICU. METODOLOGI: Kajian deskriptif ini telah dijalankan terhadap 20 orang jururawat di ICU HUSM yang dipilih secara rawak bersistematik. Rakaman selama dua jam telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan komunikasi jururawat dengan pesakit. Kandungan komunikasi ditranskripsikan secara verbatim. Data demografi jururawat diperolehi selepas selesai rakaman dilakukan melalui temubual dengan jururawat ataurekod peribadi jururawat. Data-data yang diperolehi direkodkan ke dalam senarai semakan. KEPUTUSAN: Hasil daripada kajian ini, didapati 7 orang (35%) jururawat tidak berkomunikasi Iangsung semasa memberi jagarawatan kepada pesakit. Jururawat yang berkomunikasi dalam tempoh masa 1-180 saat terdiri daripada 13 orang (65%) bersamaan dengan min 29.15. Kandungan komunikasi jururawat dengan pesakit adalah untuk memaklumkan pesakit, memberi orientasi, memberi arahan, memberi sokongan emosi, pertanyaan dan perbualan sosial. KESIMPULAN: Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa jururawat kurang berkomunikasi dengan pesakit. Pesakit yang mendapat maklumat yang cukup boleh mengurangkan kesan psikologi seperti stres, ketakutan dan keresahan selepas keluar dari ICU. Jururawat memainkan peranan penting untuk memberi maklumat berkaitan kesihatan semasa, tatacara dan orientasi kepada pesakit. Penerangan yang efektif juga boleh membantu pesakit ke arah penyembuhan penyakit

Size-selective purification of hepatitis B virus-like particle in flow-through chromatography: types of ion exchange adsorbent and grafted polymer architecture

Hepatitis B virus-like particles expressed in Escherichia coli were purified using anion exchange adsorbents grafted with polymer poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) in flow-through chromatography mode. The virus-like particles were selectively excluded, while the relatively smaller sized host cell proteins were absorbed. The exclusion of virus-like particles was governed by the accessibility of binding sites (the size of adsorbents and the charge of grafted dextran chains) as well as the architecture (branch-chain length) of the grafted polymer. The branch-chain length of grafted polymer was altered by changing the type of monomers used. The larger adsorbent (90 μm) had an approximately twofold increase in the flow-through recovery, as compared to the smaller adsorbent (30 μm). Generally, polymer-grafted adsorbents improved the exclusion of the virus-like particles. Overall, the middle branch-chain length polymer grafted on larger adsorbent showed optimal performance at 92% flow-through recovery with a purification factor of 1.53. A comparative study between the adsorbent with dextran grafts and the polymer-grafted adsorbent showed that a better exclusion of virus-like particles was achieved with the absorbent grafted with inert polymer. The grafted polymer was also shown to reduce strong interaction between binding sites and virus-like particles, which preserved the particles' structure

Targeted gene sanger sequencing should remain the first-tier genetic test for children suspected to have the five common X-linked inborn errors of immunity

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.To address inborn errors of immunity (IEI) which were underdiagnosed in resource-limited regions, our centre developed and offered free genetic testing for the most common IEI by Sanger sequencing (SS) since 2001. With the establishment of The Asian Primary Immunodeficiency (APID) Network in 2009, the awareness and definitive diagnosis of IEI were further improved with collaboration among centres caring for IEI patients from East and Southeast Asia. We also started to use whole exome sequencing (WES) for undiagnosed cases and further extended our collaboration with centres from South Asia and Africa. With the increased use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we have shifted our diagnostic practice from SS to WES. However, SS was still one of the key diagnostic tools for IEI for the past two decades. Our centre has performed 2,024 IEI SS genetic tests, with in-house protocol designed specifically for 84 genes, in 1,376 patients with 744 identified to have disease-causing mutations (54.1%). The high diagnostic rate after just one round of targeted gene SS for each of the 5 common IEI (X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) 77.4%, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) 69.2%, X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (XCGD) 59.5%, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) 51.1%, and X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM1) 58.1%) demonstrated targeted gene SS should remain the first-tier genetic test for the 5 common X-linked IEI.The Hong Kong Society for Relief of Disabled Children and Jeffrey Modell Foundation.http://www.frontiersin.org/Immunologyam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt

Executive stress in the service sector

The objectives of this report are to determine the difference in stress level faced by Type A and Type B personalities in the Service Sector. It also looks into whether age influences the level of stress and compares the well-being of Type A and Type B individuals. The different stress, worn-out and uptight levels faced by individuals in the Banking, Finance and Insurance industries are also assessed.BUSINES

Vibratory in-plane tunneling gyroscope

US6838806Granted Paten

Fast-bactericidal effect of polyion complex nanoparticles on Gram-negative bacteria

There is an urgent need for effective bactericidal agents for use in real commercial formulations because many old disinfectants, such as halogenated compounds, are now banned. Cationic polymers may have good bactericidal properties in pure water or buffer but typically become ineffective in the presence of anionic surfactants that are widely used in many commercial formulations. Here, we discover that polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles formed by cationic polymers of poly[3-(acrylamido)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride (PAMPTMA) in the presence of anionic surfactants display a promising fast-bactericidal effect (>99.99% killing within a 10 min treatment) on Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739). To examine the influence of the hydrophobicity on the bactericidal property, we synthesize PAMPTMA-b-poly(butyl methacrylate) and discover that increasing the hydrophobicity has little influence on the bactericidal property of PIC nanoparticles. A mechanism study shows that cationic PIC nanoparticles rapidly cause significant pores in both the outer and inner membranes because of their large size and high local concentration of positive charges. Rapid membrane pore formation results in fast cell death. The discovery—certain cationic polymers when formulated with anionic surfactants are even more bactericidal than neat cationic polymers alone—paves the way for potential applications of synthetic cationic polymers in commercial formulations.ASTAR (Agency for Sci., Tech. and Research, S’pore)MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore)MOH (Min. of Health, S’pore)Accepted versio

Size-selective purification of hepatitis B virus-like particle in flow-through chromatography: Types of ion exchange adsorbent and grafted polymer architecture

Hepatitis B virus‐like particles expressed in Escherichia coli were purified using anion exchange adsorbents grafted with polymer poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) in flow‐through chromatography mode. The virus‐like particles were selectively excluded, while the relatively smaller sized host cell proteins were absorbed. The exclusion of virus‐like particles was governed by the accessibility of binding sites (the size of adsorbents and the charge of grafted dextran chains) as well as the architecture (branch‐chain length) of the grafted polymer. The branch‐chain length of grafted polymer was altered by changing the type of monomers used. The larger adsorbent (90 μm) had an approximately twofold increase in the flow‐through recovery, as compared to the smaller adsorbent (30 μm). Generally, polymer‐grafted adsorbents improved the exclusion of the virus‐like particles. Overall, the middle branch‐chain length polymer grafted on larger adsorbent showed optimal performance at 92% flow‐through recovery with a purification factor of 1.53. A comparative study between the adsorbent with dextran grafts and the polymer‐grafted adsorbent showed that a better exclusion of virus‐like particles was achieved with the absorbent grafted with inert polymer. The grafted polymer was also shown to reduce strong interaction between binding sites and virus‐like particles, which preserved the particles’ structure

Author Correction: A Randomised Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness and Adherence of Modified Alternate-day Calorie Restriction in Improving Activity of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper