Missing men and unacknowledged women: Explaining gender disparities in New Zealand’s prime adult age groups 1986 – 2006

Questions concerning the widening disparity in numbers of males and females in the prime working age groups in New Zealand’s population have attracted attention from researchers and the media in recent years. This paper reviews some of the findings from research for a FRST-funded programme that has been investigating several inequalities based on gender and ethnicity in New Zealand’s population. The analysis here complements and extends that in our paper published in the New Zealand Population Review in May 2006. Our main finding is that a complex combination of issues related to the way our stock (census) and flow (arrival/departure) data are used to compile population estimates (the base for population projections), have contributed to exaggerating apparent gender disparities in the 20-49 year age groups at successive censuses. There is no single explanation for this, and the main new finding from our analysis is that gender disparities in the prime adult age groups in New Zealand’s population are as much a function of ‘unacknowledged women’ as of ‘missing men’

Changing sex ratios in New Zealand: Real change or a statistical problem?

In New Zealand, in all age groups under 20, and in key working age groups, historically there have been more men than women. Life table data suggest that, without migration, the number of males should remain greater than the number of females until around the age of 60 years. However, census data indicate that the number of New Zealand women residents relative to men in the broad 20-49 age group has been increasing since the 1980s. Given that birth ratios for New Zealand residents favour boys in common with international experience, the imbalance of women over men in the 20-49 age group has to come from four possible sources: 1) differential mortality; 2) more New Zealand born men leaving New Zealand; 3) a higher number of female immigrants; or 4) that statistical collections are undercounting men, and this undercounting has become progressively greater over the past 20 years. In this paper we focus on undercount and, through this investigation, raise some doubts about the validity of either a serious ‘man drought’ or a major 'surplus of women' in the population

Maori internal and international migration at the turn of the century: An Australasian perspective

At the beginning of the twenty-first century there were two major national clusters of Maori: New Zealand, the ancestral home for Maori, and Australia, home to a much smaller Maori population from the early years of the nineteenth century. In the 2001 censuses of New Zealand and Australia, the usually resident Maori populations were, respectively, 526,281 (ethnic group classification) and 72,956 (ancestry classification). In this paper we examine four dimensions of Maori population movement between 1996 and 2001 using the census data from New Zealand and Australia: 1) internal migration between rural and urban areas in New Zealand; 2) internal migration between rural and urban areas in Australia; 3) migration into New Zealand of Maori resident overseas in 1996; 4) migration into Australia of Maori resident overseas in 1996. There has never been a comprehensive assessment of Maori migration in an Australasian context before, but in the light of developments in population exchanges between New Zealand and Australia this sort of analysis is critical if one wishes to understand contemporary Maori population dynamics

Underground records

It may save confusion to now state that Underground Records is used in sense of information regarding labor, supplies, and output of the underground proper, in distinction from Costs - a term here used for results of the sum total of all records after they have passed through the hands of the book keeping-accounting staff. The essentials of underground records are more or less carefully collected by all mining companies of any importance, but are too often, before they have come under the eyes of the mine management in intelligible or suggestive form, obscured by the addition of a witches cauldron mixture of a proportion of surface charges , supply, power and what not, and the inevitable fixed charges. From the first dollar spent in drilling holes in the stopes to the final total mining costs, flows - as it were - a river of expense, augmented periodically by the various tributaries of charges incidental to the work --page 2

Nonparametric Bayesian grouping methods for spatial time-series data

We describe an approach for identifying groups of dynamically similar locations in spatial time-series data based on a simple Markov transition model. We give maximum-likelihood, empirical Bayes, and fully Bayesian formulations of the model, and describe exhaustive, greedy, and MCMC-based inference methods. The approach has been employed successfully in several studies to reveal meaningful relationships between environmental patterns and disease dynamics.Comment: 11 pages, no figure

Treatment of a Mexican copper ore

The ore to be treated consists of a sulphide carrying some metallic copper --page 1

Reduced auger recombination in mid-infrared semiconductor lasers

A quantum-design approach to reduce the Auger losses in two micron InGaSb type-I quantum well edge-emitting lasers is reported. Experimentally realized structures show a 3X reduction in the threshold, which results in 4.6 lower Auger current loss at room temperature. This is equivalent to a carrier lifetime improvement of 5.7 and represents about a 19-fold reduction in the equivalent “Auger coefficient.

A pilot study comparing refractive error and preferential looking visual acuity in human infants

A clinical pilot study comparing refractive error and Preferential Looking (PL) visual acuity in infants 2 to 12 months of age is described. The PL visual acuity of 30 infants was assessed using the Acuity Card Procedure PL technique developed by Teller and Dobson. Mohindra\u27s dark room retinoscopy technique was used to determine refractive error. All infants of this sample had PL visual acuities within the norms established by McDonald and Dobson. Statistical analysis of the data for this sample of infants showed that refractive error does not change systematically from 2 to 12 months of age. We have found that the Acuity Card Procedure PL technique when utilized in a clinical setting agrees with infant visual acuity as described in the research literature. Refractive error did net correlate with changes in PL visual acuity in infants 2 to 12 months of age

The determination of steam consumption of locomotives, by means of indicator diagrams

Thesis (MS)--University of Illinois, 1915Typescript and M

A role for deferasirox as an anti-neoplastic and chemosensitising agent in gastrointestinal cancer

Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Although surgical resection of the primary tumour remains the cornerstone of curative treatment, chemotherapy forms an increasingly important component of the management armamentarium. Response to therapy, however, is by no means uniform and thus the development of new agents is highly desirable. There is a significant body of evidence implicating iron in the malignant progression of gastrointestinal cancer. Tumours acquire an excess of iron which in turn propagates their malignant phenotype. This project aimed to demonstrate that a strategy to deplete tumour cells of iron using the licensed iron chelator Deferasirox was effective in the treatment of oesophageal and colorectal cancer. Deferasirox significantly impedes cellular viability and proliferation both $in-vitro$ and $in-vivo$ in oesophageal and colorectal cancer models. The drug can overcome established chemotherapy resistance and may also act as a chemosensitiser. The disturbance of normal intracellular iron homeostasis and increased dependence of gastrointestinal tumour cells on iron means chelation may offer targeted therapy. Certain iron regulatory proteins may also serve as biomarkers for treatment efficacy. Deferasirox therefore represents an effective and well tolerated adjunct to existing therapies that should be considered for future clinical trials