117 research outputs found
Eco-friendly and versatile brominating reagent prepared from a liquid bromine precursor
Facile bromination of various organic substrates has been demonstrated with a 2 : 1 bromide:bromate reagent prepared from the alkaline intermediate of the conventional bromine recovery process. The reagent is acidified in situ to generate HOBr as the reactive species, which effects bromination. Aromatic substrates that have been successfully brominated under ambient conditions without use of any catalyst include phenols, anilines, aromatic ethers and even benzene. Non-aromatic compounds bearing active methylene group were monobrominated selectively with the present reagent and olefinic compounds were converted into the corresponding bromohydrins in moderate yields. By obtaining the present reagent from the liquid bromine precursor, the twin advantages of avoiding liquid bromine and producing the reagent in a cost-effective manner are realised. When coupled with the additional advantage of high bromine atom efficiency, the present protocol becomes attractive all the way from "cradle to grave"
Comparison of Wavelet Transform and Fourier Transform based methods of Phasor Estimation for Numerical Relaying
Abstract-Estimatio
Production of galactitol from galactose by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880
Background
Sugar alcohols are commonly used as low-calorie sweeteners and can serve as potential building blocks for bio-based chemicals. Previous work has shown that the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880 can natively produce arabitol from xylose at relatively high titers, suggesting that it may be a useful host for sugar alcohol production. In this work, we explored whether R. toruloides can produce additional sugar alcohols.
Results
Rhodosporidium toruloides is able to produce galactitol from galactose. During growth in nitrogen-rich medium, R. toruloides produced 3.2 ± 0.6 g/L, and 8.4 ± 0.8 g/L galactitol from 20 to 40 g/L galactose, respectively. In addition, R. toruloides was able to produce galactitol from galactose at reduced titers during growth in nitrogen-poor medium, which also induces lipid production. These results suggest that R. toruloides can potentially be used for the co-production of lipids and galactitol from galactose. We further characterized the mechanism for galactitol production, including identifying and biochemically characterizing the critical aldose reductase. Intracellular metabolite analysis was also performed to further understand galactose metabolism.
Conclusions
Rhodosporidium toruloides has traditionally been used for the production of lipids and lipid-based chemicals. Our work demonstrates that R. toruloides can also produce galactitol, which can be used to produce polymers with applications in medicine and as a precursor for anti-cancer drugs. Collectively, our results further establish that R. toruloides can produce multiple value-added chemicals from a wide range of sugars.Ope
Efficiency Theory: a Unifying Theory for Information, Computation and Intelligence
The paper serves as the first contribution towards the development of the
theory of efficiency: a unifying framework for the currently disjoint theories
of information, complexity, communication and computation. Realizing the
defining nature of the brute force approach in the fundamental concepts in all
of the above mentioned fields, the paper suggests using efficiency or
improvement over the brute force algorithm as a common unifying factor
necessary for the creation of a unified theory of information manipulation. By
defining such diverse terms as randomness, knowledge, intelligence and
computability in terms of a common denominator we are able to bring together
contributions from Shannon, Levin, Kolmogorov, Solomonoff, Chaitin, Yao and
many others under a common umbrella of the efficiency theory
Peri-operative interventions producing better functional outcomes and enhanced recovery following total hip and knee arthroplasty: an evidence-based review
Antidiabetic effects of natural plant extracts via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes with emphasis on pancreatic alpha amylase
Agriculture in ancient India: Papers presented at the seminar conducted on Saturday, 25th April, 1992 at Thane under the auspices of the Institute for Oriental Study
TEM Investigation of Butterfly and White Etching Area Formed During Rolling Contact Fatigue
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