Northern Cheyenne Tribe v. Montana Department of Environmental Quality

Northern Cheyenne Tribe v. Montana Department of Environmental Quality addressed the supremacy of standards within the Clean Water Act over Montana‟s state imposed water quality standards. The Montana Supreme Court found the Montana Department of Environmental Quality‟s water quality standards violated the Clean Water Act‟s requirement to use pre- discharge treatment for coal bed methane wastewater released into the Tongue River. This decision is likely to be persuasive to other states imposing their own regulations on the discharge of pollutants into waterways

Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone of Nevada v. United States Department of the Interior

In Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone of Nevada v. United States Department of the Interior, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reviewed claims that the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) violated the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), and the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) when it approved an amended exploration project in northeastern Nevada. The Court defined certain requirements under NEPA, namely the assessment of cumulative impacts. The Court also discussed the scope of the NHPA‘s requirements to protect only discrete historic locations and the FLPMA‘s limited application in exploration activities as opposed to mining activities

Long Gone Lake Wobegon? The State of Investments in University of Minnesota Research

Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Perceptions of Technology Education Supervisors toward Implementation of Engineering by Design Courses in Virginia Public Schools

The problem of this study was to determine the perceptions of Virginia technology education supervisors toward implementation of Engineering by Design courses in Virginia public schools

Mendel versus Malthus: Research, Productivity and Food Prices in the Long Run

Over the past 50 years and longer, the supply of food commodities has grown faster than the effective market demand, in spite of increasing population and per capita incomes. Consequently, the real (deflated) prices of food commodities have steadily trended down. The past increases in agricultural productivity and production, and the resulting real price trends, are attributable in large part to technological changes enabled by investments in agricultural R&D. Evidence is beginning to emerge of a slowdown in the long-term path of agricultural productivity growth. These productivity patterns mirror a progressive slowing down in the growth rate of total spending on agricultural R&D and a redirection of the funds away from farm productivity that began 20-30 years ago.Demand and Price Analysis, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

The Shifting Global Patterns of Agricultural Productivity

Productivity Analysis,

Temperature acclimatisation of swimming performance in the European Queen Scallop

The phenotypic plasticity of muscle performance and locomotory physiology allows the maintenance of essential activity capacity in the face of environmental change, and has been demonstrated in a wide phylogenetic range of eurythermal vertebrates. This study used the scallop, Aequipecten opercularis, as a model eurythermal invertebrate. Animals caught in different seasons demonstrated marked differences in their swimming performance and the relationship between, temperature and performance. When stimulated to swim at natural ranges of temperature, Winter (cold acclimatised), animals accelerated faster than autumn collected animals swimming at the same temperature (x 2 at 11degreesC) and attained higher velocities during jetting. The effects of acclimatisation were confined to the jetting phase and may be a mechanism for the maintenance of acceleration during predator-prey interactions. This is the first demonstration of the thermal acclimatisation of muscle performance in a mollusc and one of very few studies in invertebrates