Geotagging photographs in student fieldwork

This article is not available through ChesterRepThis article provides guidance for staff and students on the potential educational benefits, limitations and applications of geotagging photographs

A comparison of algorithms for the multivariate L 1-median

The L1-median is a robust estimator of multivariate location with good statistical properties. Several algorithms for computing the L1- median are available. Problem speci c algorithms can be used, but also general optimization routines. The aim is to compare dierent algorithms with respect to their precision and runtime. This is pos- sible because all considered algorithms have been implemented in a standardized manner in the open source environment R. In most sit- uations, the algorithm based on the optimization routine NLM (non- linear minimization) clearly outperforms other approaches. Its low computation time makes applications for large and high-dimensional data feasible.

Decolonizing the Atmosphere: The Climate Justice Movement on Climate Debt

A central concept raised by the climate justice movement is climate debt. Here, the claims and warrants of the movement support for climate debt is identified through an argumentation analysis of their central manifestos. It is found that the climate debt claim is understood as primarily restorative, in the sense that the environmental space of the developing countries must be returned, “decolonized.” The damage caused by climate change also gives rise to a compensatory adaptation debt. The result is compared with an earlier study on ecological debt. Both concepts are framed within an unjust power relation between North and South, but there are differences. Ecological debt is mainly analyzed in terms of an unjust economic exploitation, which is congenial with its use as an argument for cancellation of Southern external debts; climate debt is rather seen as a violation of communal rights and territories, an argument for climate justice