Interview with Leona Becker

Interview with Leona Becker regarding her experiences in a one-room school house.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/ors/1008/thumbnail.jp

Overcoming burdens in the regulation of clinical research in children. Proceedings of a consensus conference, in historical context

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many investigators are concerned that the modes of implementation and enforcement of the federal regulations designed to protect children are unduly impeding pediatric clinical research.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To assess regulatory impediments to clinical research involving children and to develop recommendations to ameliorate them.</p> <p>Participants</p> <p>The Pediatric Endocrine Society and The Endocrine Society convened a consensus conference involving experts and stakeholders in patient-oriented research involving children and adolescents in 2008.</p> <p>Consensus process</p> <p>Following presentations that reviewed problematic issues around key regulations, participants divided into working groups to develop potential solutions that could be adopted at local and federal levels. Presentations to the full assembly were then debated. A writing committee then drafted a summary of the discussions and main conclusions, placing them in historical context, and submitted it to all participants for comment with the aim of developing consensus.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Recommendations designed to facilitate the ethical conduct of research involving children addressed the interpretation of ambiguous regulatory terms such as "minimal risk" and "condition" and called for the development by professional societies of best practice primers for common research procedures that would be informative to both investigators and institutional review boards. A call was issued for improved guidance from the Office for Human Research Protections and Food and Drug Administration as well as for the development by professional societies of a process to monitor progress in improving human subject research regulation. Finally, a need for systematic research to define the nature and extent of institutional obstacles to pediatric research was recognized.</p

Моделирование процесса каплеобразования при промысловой подготовке нефти

In subgroups of a New Zealand obese mouse-derived back-cross population with defined aberrations of glucose ho-meostasis, a comprehensive study of the hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase was per-formed. Three patterns of alterations in response to insulin resistance (normoglycemia/hyperinsulinemia) or diabetes (hy-perglycemia/hypoinsulinemia) were observed: mRNA levels of Cyp2b9, Cyp3a16, Cyp4a14, and Gstt2 as assessed by North-ern- and dot-blot analysis were increased markedly in liver from diabetic mice with no or only a slight increase in insulin resistant mice. Western-blot analysis detected the corresponding changes of the CYP2B and CYP4A proteins. In contrast, ex-pression of Cyp2c22, Cyp2c29, and Cyp2c40 was reduced in diabetic, but normal in insulin resistant mice. These alteration

Balancing repair and tolerance of DNA damage caused by alkylating agents

Alkylating agents constitute a major class of frontline chemotherapeutic drugs that inflict cytotoxic DNA damage as their main mode of action, in addition to collateral mutagenic damage. Numerous cellular pathways, including direct DNA damage reversal, base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR), respond to alkylation damage to defend against alkylation-induced cell death or mutation. However, maintaining a proper balance of activity both within and between these pathways is crucial for a favourable response of an organism to alkylating agents. Furthermore, the response of an individual to alkylating agents can vary considerably from tissue to tissue and from person to person, pointing to genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that modulate alkylating agent toxicity

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Bortezomib and Vorinostat Therapy as Maintenance Therapy after Autologous Transplant for Multiple Myeloma.

Background In multiple myeloma (MM), relapse is a frequent complication after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT). To reduce the risk of relapse, additional therapy has been added post-ASCT. In a nontransplant relapse setting, the combination of intravenous bortezomib and oral vorinostat (BV) was studied and showed efficacy. Therefore, it was reasonable to study this combination therapy post-ASCT. Patients and methods We report on BV given post-ASCT. All 30 patients underwent conditioning for ASCT with high-dose melphalan. After recovery from the acute transplant-related toxicity, BV therapy was started and given for a total of 12 (28-day) cycles. Results The most common toxicities were hematological, gastrointestinal (diarrhea and nausea), fatigue, and peripheral neuropathy. The median follow-up for BV patients is 7.8 (range: 6.12-9.03) years. After BV therapy, 18 patients (60%) are alive, and 9 (30%) are alive without disease progression. Conclusions BV can be given post-ASCT with an acceptable toxicity profile and produces reasonable disease-free and overall survival rates. A randomized study comparing the BV regimen to single-agent lenalidomide or bortezomib is needed

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Report 214

This report presents the findings of an observational study on the Hawaiian monk seal on Laysan Island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during March 31 to July 22 1991. The data collected focuses on haul-out, behavior, and reproductive patterns; population structure; and factors affecting survival