Akut coronariaszindróma – 2012 = Acute Coronary Syndrome – 2012

Az akut coronariaszindróma a koszorúér-betegség legsúlyosabb formája. Közvetlen életveszélyt jelent, megfelelő ellátás nélkül magas halálozással jár. Az első EKG alapján két formáját különböztetjük meg, ST-szakasz-elevációval járó, illetve ST-szakasz-elevációval nem járó kórképeket. Az akut coronariaszindrómás beteg első ellátásának rendkívül fontos része az adekvát gyógyszeres kezelés megkezdése mellett a beteg menedzselése. Az előbbi esetében a panaszok kezdetétől számított 24 órán belül koronarográfia és legtöbbször primer percutan coronaria intervenció szükséges. ST-elevációval nem járó akut coronariaszindróma során fel kell mérni a beteg ischaemiás kockázatát és az adatok alapján várható halálozását, majd ennek alapján kell dönteni az invazív kivizsgálás szükségességéről és annak időzítéséről. A hazai szívkatéteres laboratóriumi hálózat ma már lényegében lefedi az egész országot, így csaknem minden akut coronariaszindrómás beteg a legkorszerűbb ellátásban részesülhet. Bár a cardiovascularis megbetegedési mutatók sajnálatosan magasak, a szervezett katéteres ellátásnak köszönhetően az infarktuseredetű halálozás csökkenő tendenciát mutat. The acute coronary syndrome is the most severe form of coronary artery disease. It is an immediate threat of life and the mortality rate can be high without proper therapy and patient management. Based on the first ECG, two different forms can be distinguished: acute coronary syndrome with and without ST elevation. Besides adequate medication, management of these patients is an essential part of treatment. In case of ST elevation, coronarography and percutaneous coronary intervention is needed in general, within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms. When ST elevation is not detected on the ECG, individual ischemic risk factors and predictable mortality of the patient may define the necessity and the date of the invasive examination. The Hungarian hemodynamic laboratory network covers almost the whole country and, therefore, practically each patient may receive a state-of-the-art therapy. Although indicators of cardiovascular diseases are still prominent, the mortality rate of myocardial infarction is decreasing in Hungary due to the well-organized invasive care

A terápiás hypothermia szerepe a postresuscitatiós ellátásban – irodalmi áttekintés és saját tapasztalatok

Absztrakt Az enyhe terápiás hypothermia az utóbbi évtizedben elfogadott és elterjedt intenzív terápiás módszerré vált a hirtelen szívhalált elszenvedett és sikeresen resuscitált betegek kezelésében. Bár a rendelkezésre álló evidenciák alapján a terápiás hypothermia a resuscitatiós irányelvek részét alkotja, terápiás alkalmazása számos ponton csupán tapasztalati tényekre alapszik. Különösen intenzív szakmai vita tárgyát képezi az ideális célhőmérséklet és a nem sokkolandó ritmussal feltalált betegek hűtésének kérdése. A hypothermia szinte az összes szervrendszer működését befolyásolja, ezért ezek ismerete elengedhetetlen a mellékhatások korai felismerésében és kezelésében. A szerzők célja, hogy a rendelkezésre álló vizsgálati eredmények és saját gyakorlati tapasztalataik alapján összegezzék a terápiás hypothermia klinikai szerepét a resuscitatión átesett betegek kezelésében. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(16), 611–617

Ateroszklerózis, instabil plakk, akut koronária szindróma

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Impact of Clinical and Morphological Factors on Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Myocardial Bridge

Although myocardial bridging (MB) has been intensively investigated using different methods, the effect of bridge morphology on long-term outcome is still doubtful. We aimed at describing the anatomical differences in coronary angiography between symptomatic and non-symptomatic LAD myocardial bridges and to investigate the influence of clinical and morphological factors on long-term mortality. In our retrospective, long-term, single center study we found relevant MB on the left anterior descendent (LAD) coronary artery in 146 cases during a two-year period, when 11,385 patients underwent coronary angiography due to angina pectoris. Patients were divided into two groups: those with myocardial bridge only (LAD-MBneg, n = 78) and those with associated obstructive coronary artery disease (LAD-MBpos, n = 68). Clinical factors, morphology of bridge by quantitative coronary analysis and ten-year long mortality data were collected. The LAD-MBneg group was associated with younger age and decreased incidence of diabetes mellitus, as well as with increased minimal diameter to reference diameter ratio (LAD-MBneg 54.5 (13.1)% vs. LAD-MBpos 46.5 (16.4)%, p = 0.016), while there was a tendency towards longer lesions and higher vessel diameter values compared to the LAD-MBpos group. The LAD-MBpos group was associated with increased mortality compared to the LAD-MBneg group. The analysis of our data showed that morphological parameters of LAD bridge did not influence long-term mortality, either in the overall population or in the LAD-MBneg patients. Morphological parameters of LAD bridge did not influence long-term mortality outcomes; therefore, it suggests that anatomical differences might not predict long-term outcomes and should not influence therapy

Catheter directed thrombolytic therapy and aspiration thrombectomy in intermediate pulmonary embolism with long term results

Background: Catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) and thrombectomy represent well established techniques for the treatment of intermediate pulmonary embolism (IPE). The long-term effect of catheterdirected thrombolysis of IPE is unknown.Methods: Clinical, interventional and echocardiographic data from 80 consecutive patients with IPE who were treated with CDT were evaluated. Primary end-points were technical success and major adverse events. Secondary end-points were cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, clinical success, rate of bleeding complications, improvement in pulmonary pressure and echocardiography parameters. CDT completed with alteplase (10 mg bolus and 1 mg/h maintenance dose) through a pig-tail catheter for 24 h. After 24 h, control pulmonary angiography was performed. Results: In total, 80 patients with a mean age of 59.0 ± 16.8 years were treated. CDT was successful after the first post-operative day in 72 (90%) patients, but thrombus aspiration and fragmentation was performed due to failed thrombolysis in 8 (10%) patients. Final technical and clinical success was reached in 79 (98.8%) and 77 (96.3%) patients, respectively. The mean CDT time in IPE was 27.8 ± 9.6 h. Invasive pulmonary pressure dropped from 57.5 ± 16.7 to 38.9 ± 13.5 (p < 0.001). A caval filter was implanted in 4 (5%) patients. The 1-year major adverse events and cardiovascular mortality rate was 4.0% and 1.4%, respectively. Access site complications (6 major and 6 minor) were encountered in 12 (16.2%) patients.Conclusions: Catheter directed thrombolysis in submassive pulmonary embolism had excellent results. However, additional mechanical thrombectomy was necessary in some patients to achieve good clinical outcomes

Efficacy of drug-eluting balloon in patients with bare-metal or drug-eluting stent restenosis.

INTRODUCTION: In spite of improving results, the treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) of bare-metal stents (BMS), and particularly drug-eluting stents (DES), is a challenging clinical problem. There are promising but limited follow-up data concerning drug-eluting balloons in the treatment of BMS and DES restenosis. The goal of this real-world registry was to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of drug-eluting balloons in the treatment of BMS and DES restenosis. METHODS: In this prospective registry, 82 patients with BMS or DES restenosis treated with paclitaxel-eluting balloons were enrolled. The primary endpoint was ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR); a secondary endpoint was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 28 months. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (42.7%) had DES ISR and 16 patients (19.5%) presented with an acute coronary syndrome. The success rate of drug-eluting balloon inflation was 97.6%. The median (interquartile range) duration of follow up was 28.0 (25.0-30.3) months. The rate of TLR was 24.5%, and was not significantly higher in the DES-ISR group than in the BMS-ISR group: 29.0% vs. 21.1%, respectively (p=0.687). There were two cases of definite stent thrombosis in the BMS-ISR group and one probable subacute stent thrombosis in the DES-ISR group. The overall MACE rate was 37.0% and did not differ between the DES-ISR and BMS-ISR group (40.8% vs. 34.7%, respectively; p=0.994). CONCLUSIONS: This real-world registry provided less favorable long-term results for drug-eluting balloons in the treatment of BMS restenosis and in DES restenosis, compared to the promising mid-term results of previous studies. The TLR rate was slightly but not significantly higher after DES restenosis compared to BMS restenosis treatment