Development of an Aquatic Exercise Training Protocol for the Asthmatic Population

The purpose of this article is to propose creation of a consistent, measureable 12-week aquatic exercise progression for individuals diagnosed with asthma. An aquatic exercise option not requiring swim skills may offer real value, but no previous literature explicitly describes a standardized non-swimming aquatic exercise progression. Participants were diagnosed, medically managed asthmatics in a rural community. Guidelines set forth by AEA and ACSM were used in the development of the exercise program and progression. By the end of the 12 weeks, instructors were challenging participants with multi-level travel sets and complex timed sequences meeting programmatic goals for exercise intensity progression. In conclusion, this 12-week aquatic exercise protocol could effectively be prescribed by aquatic exercise specialists to increase physical activity in an asthmatic population. The design may be used in research studies as a consistent and measurable treatment protocol

Age-Dependent Autonomic Changes Following Immersion in Cool, Neutral, and Warm Water Temperatures

Aquatic immersion has been reported to produce a significant number of physiological changes in blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV), autonomic nervous system (ANS), and core temperature in young healthy subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of water immersion in younger and older populations, determining whether there are age related differences for ANS regulation measures in cool, neutral and warm water. Vitals and ANS measures were collected from two samples representing different age-groups in the general population. It was found that water immersion produced a significant number of important physiologic responses such as decreased blood pressure and increased SVB during the warm water cycle. These changes are important components of ANS bioregulation and clearly seem to be influenced by water temperature during immersion. There was a statistically significant relationship between ANS activity manifested by heart rate variability and water temperatures

The Impact of an Aquatic Exercise Protocol on Physiologic Measures Within an Asthmatic Population

Individuals suffering from asthma typically have subnormal exercise tolerance and poor physical fitness. The purpose of this case series study was to examine the impact of a new aquatic exercise protocol on physiological variables in a group of asthmatics. Participants were medically diagnosed and managed asthmatics in a rural community. A total of 8 males and 12 females were accepted into the study with 7 males and 9 females completing the 12-week study. Physiological measures were taken pre- and posttreatment with paired t-tests used for analyses. Increases in VO2max (pre-treatment mean (M) = 31.244 SD = 9.772; post-treatment M = 33.431, SD = 10.387; partial ç²= .257, p \u3c 0.038); lean body muscle mass (pre-treatment M = 119.606, SD = 28.210; post-treatment M = 122.012, SD = 30.475; partial ç²= .237, p \u3c 0.047); and blood glucose (pre-treatment M = 83.937, SD = 7.584; post-treatment M = 89.812, SD = 7.799; partial ç²= .603, p \u3c 0.000), were seen from pre- to posttreatment. The protocol was well tolerated and enjoyed by the participants suggesting it is useful in the asthmatic population. Our results predicted a need for larger sample size in future research ranging from 8 to 218 participants depending upon the dependent measure

Orbiter escape pole

A Shuttle type of aircraft (10) with an escape hatch (12) has an arcuately shaped pole housing (16) attachable to an interior wall and ceiling with its open end adjacent to the escape hatch. The pole housing 16 contains a telescopically arranged and arcuately shaped primary pole member (22) and extension pole member (23) which are guided by roller assemblies (30,35). The extension pole member (23) is slidable and extendable relative to the primary pole member (22). For actuation, a spring actuated system includes a spring (52) in the pole housing. A locking member (90) engages both pole members (22,23) through notch portions (85,86) in the pole members. The locking member selectively releases the extension pole member (23) and the primary pole member (22). An internal one-way clutch or anti-return mechanism prevents retraction of the extension pole member from an extended position. Shock absorbers (54)(150,152) are for absoring the energy of the springs. A manual backup deployment system is provided which includes a canted ring (104) biased by a spring member (108). A lever member (100) with a slot and pin connection (102) permits the mechanical manipulation of the canted ring to move the primary pole member. The ring (104) also prevents retraction of the main pole. The crew escape mechanism includes a magazine (60) and a number of lanyards (62), each lanyard being mounted by a roller loop (68) over the primary pole member (22). The strap on the roller loop has stitching for controlled release, a protection sheath (74) to prevent tangling and a hook member (69) for attachment to a crew harness

Perturbing HIV-1 Ribosomal Frameshifting Frequency Reveals a cis Preference for Gag-Pol Incorporation into Assembling Virions

HIV-1 virion production is driven by Gag and Gag-Pol (GP) proteins, with Gag forming the bulk of the capsid and driving budding, while GP binds Gag to deliver the essential virion enzymes protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase. Virion GP levels are traditionally thought to reflect the relative abundances of GP and Gag in cells (;1:20), dictated by the frequency of a 21 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) event occurring in gag-pol mRNAs. Here, we exploited a panel of PRF mutant viruses to show that mechanisms in addition to PRF regulate GP incorporation into virions. First, we show that GP is enriched ;3-fold in virions relative to cells, with viral infectivity being better maintained at subphysiological levels of GP than when GP levels are too high. Second, we report that GP is more efficiently incorporated into virions when Gag and GP are synthesized in cis (i.e., from the same gag-pol mRNA) than in trans, suggesting that Gag/GP translation and assembly are spatially coupled processes. Third, we show that, surprisingly, virions exhibit a strong upper limit to trans-delivered GP incorporation; an adaptation that appears to allow the virus to temper defects to GP/Gag cleavage that may negatively impact reverse transcription. Taking these results together, we propose a "weighted Goldilocks"scenario for HIV-1 GP incorporation, wherein combined mechanisms of GP enrichment and exclusion buffer virion infectivity over a broad range of local GP concentrations. These results provide new insights into the HIV-1 virion assembly pathway relevant to the anticipated efficacy of PRF-targeted antiviral strategies.National Institutes of Health R01AI110221, P01CA022332, R35GM118131, T32GM00834

100% RAG: Syracuse School of Architecture, Student Newspaper, Volume 2, Number 1

100% RAG: Syracuse School of Architecture, Student Newspaper, Volume 2, Number 1. Student newsletter from student contributors of Syracuse School of Architecture in 1976

Frozen Disorder in a Driven System

We investigate the effects of quenched disorder on the universal properties of a randomly driven Ising lattice gas. The Hamiltonian fixed point of the pure system becomes unstable in the presence of a quenched local bias, giving rise to a new fixed point which controls a novel universality class. We determine the associated scaling forms of correlation and response functions, quoting critical exponents to two-loop order in an expansion around the upper critical dimension d$_c=5$.Comment: 5 pages RevTex. Uses multicol.sty. Accepted for publication in PR