Provenance, Composition and Transport Processes of Pleistocene-Recent Turbidite Sediments of the SE Nazca Plate, ODP Site 1232

A 300 meter sequence of Pleistocene turbidite deposits was recovered on the Nazca Plate at the subducting edge of the Peru-Chile Trench at ODP Site 1232. Analysis of the coarsest particles in the turbidite sequences implies sediment was supplied in some proportion by terrestrial erosion and originated in the coastal, central, and Andean volcanic/magmatic belt which parallels the Southern Chilean coast, and the predominant material type is volcanic. Petrographic and geochemical analyses show that samples from 3 - 140 mbsf contain \u3e43% fresh, angular glass. New calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy brackets the sediment ages of the upper 288 m of cored section to between 12.47 kyr and 275 kyr. Glass compositional analyses and comparisons with geochemical data from surrounding volcanic sources in southern Chile indicate the volcanic glasses within Site 1232 turbidites originate from a single source. Elemental analyses of individual glass shards show a geochemical signature consistent with origination within the adjacent Andean Southern Volcanic Zone. Similarities in the incompatible element averages and a strong correlation of trace element ratios coincide with published data from the Central Southern Volcanic Zone (CSVZ), more specifically the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic complex (PCCVC). Investigation into potential transport processes in Coastal Chile from the CSVZ to Site 1232 reveal that with the distance traveled (\u3e250 km), the Site 1232 turbidites are likely to have experienced multiple transport methods. With the lack of turbidite deposition in the Holocene, despite the consistency of sediment delivered to the continental shelf by adjacent rivers, it is unlikely that the Site 1232 sediments were deposited onto the continental shelf solely by fluvial transport. Glacial shifts in wind patterns and ice distribution likely played a strong role in the dispersal and deposition of the glass shards. Understanding the origin and of the Site 1232 glass shards and how they were emplaced will help to illuminate potential volcanic hazards in South Central Chile. To improve our knowledge and develop correct hazard assessments, high-quality volcanic records are required

An Expansive Framing Intervention and its Influence on Nursing Students\u27 Perceptions of Value for Mathematics

Nurses regularly use mathematics on the job, yet they often do not view their work as mathematical. This may indicate a lack of transfer from the nursing school mathematics context to nursing practice. Further, nursing students often perceive very little usefulness and relevance for learning mathematics beyond simple calculations. Expansive Framing (EF) is a theory and instructional technique that has been shown to foster transfer by establishing intercontextuality, or connections made between disparate contexts. This research explored whether creating intercontextuality created through broad framing also improved perceptions of mathematics value and transferability, and how intercontextuality functioned as the driver of changes in perceptions of mathematics value and transferability. This embedded case study mixed-methods analysis investigated these constructs by collecting qualitative and quantitative data from undergraduate nursing students in a College Algebra course. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and reflexive thematic analysis. Results varied; while quantitative analyses showed slight declines in positive value perceptions and a slight increase in negative value perceptions, the results were not statistically significant. Mixed and qualitative-focused analyses showed that participants experienced improved perceptions due to expansively framed activities in the course. The form of EF varied; while webinars showed mixed effectiveness, other expansively framed activities were identified as highly valuable for both groups. Overall, intercontextuality was an apparent motivator of changes in value and transferability perceptions. Based on this research, I recommend that instructors seek opportunities to create intercontextuality by framing broadly across context during instruction, but also by applying EF to classroom activities through curricular integration of content. Future research across multiple classrooms, age groups, and cultural settings, is warranted to investigate the extent to which intercontextuality is the motivator of perception changes versus other factors and to further disentangle the individual roles of connecting settings versus student authorship in effective EF

Geometry and Coding: Introducing an Interactive and Integrated Mathematics-Computer Science Unit

As part of a collaborative project between Utah State University, the Cache County School District, and Stanford, instructional units were designed for fifth-grade students. These units integrated math concepts of geometrical shapes and computer science concepts of sequences, conditionals, and loops. One component of the unit was implemented in math classrooms by math teachers, and the other component was implemented in computer labs. This presentation will focus on the math unit as presented at the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM-V)

Applying Expansive Framing to an Integrated Mathematics-Computer Science Unit

In this research report for the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 2022 Research Conference, we discuss the theory of Expansive Framing and its application to an interdisciplinary mathematics-computer science curricular unit

Blending the secular and sacred: instrumental textures in seventeenth-century worship

In the seventeenth century composers employed traditionally secular instrumentations, such as that of the solo violin or ensembles of brass or string instruments, in concerted settings of liturgical texts. While settings of the mass and office are not inherently dramatic, composers used instrumental textures to create dramaturgical effects in these sacred works. As a result, these concerted settings hang in the balance between two sacred genres, the Latin sacred concerto and the oratorio. Moreover, these works demonstrate how composers in the seventeenth century experimented with the blending of genres and evaded the classifications carefully designated by theorists of the period, such as Athanasius Kircher and Michael Praetorious. -- Andreas Hofer (c.1629–1684), a composer active in Salzburg for his entire career and the majority of whose surviving works are held in manuscript at Kroměříž, provides an intriguing example of the use of instruments and genre blending in liturgical contexts in his Ver sacrum seu Flores (1677). In this printed collection of eighteen offertories for a variety of instrumental and vocal ensembles, each work is labeled for a particular feast of the church year. Furthermore, Hofer employs instrumentations functioning in a variety of musical capacities, contributing to both the affective and dramaturgical settings of specific passages of text. -- In this paper, Hofer's collection demonstrates how composers used instrumental textures to contribute to the expressive and dramatic qualities of sacred works. Following a brief discussion of the role of instruments in sacred contexts in the sixteenth and seventeenth century and methods for communicating meaning with instrumental music in the seventeenth century, I examine Hofer's use of instruments to create particular moods or reference specific topics, such as those of war and devotion, in liturgical contexts. Finally, I describe how Hofer used these techniques in the Offertories of Ver sacrum seu flores. Ultimately, this paper shows how Hofer deploys the expressive ability of instrumental music in liturgical contexts in the seventeenth century, blending characteristics of both the Latin sacred concerto of the seventeenth century and the burgeoning genre of oratorio in the eighteenth century

Investigation of the Lead Isotope Signatures of Marine Sediments in Relation to the Lead Isotope Signatures of Northern Andean Ores

Lead isotope ratios of ores and igneous rocks in the Central and Southern Andes show a large-scale geographic pattern related to magmatic source processes. This pattern changes in the Northern Andes for reasons that are not well understood; this study is an investigation of potential causes of this change. Deep ocean sediment samples from the Nazca Plate were analyzed for 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb, and the data were compared with published data on central Andean ores and ores and igneous rocks from Ecuador. Lead isotopic compositions of the Nazca Plate sediments are quite homogenous and are a close match with Andean ore lead in the coastal arc from central Perú through south-central Chile. However, the lead isotope ratios of the sediment samples are much lower than northern Perú and Ecuador ores. Variations in sediment composition are probably not the source of the northern Andean ore lead isotope pattern

Water Quality Trends Following Anomalous Phosphorus Inputs to Grand Bay, Mississippi, USA

Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (GBNERR) is a 7500 ha protected area in Jackson County, MS. In 2005, a levee breach at a fertilizer manufacturing facility released highly acidic and phosphate—rich wastewater into the reserve. A second spill occurred in September 2012 following Hurricane Isaac. We used orthophosphate (PO43-) concentrations to categorize the 2 events, post— events, and non—impact periods between the 2 spills. We examined spatial and temporal patterns in nutrients, chlorophyll, pH, and other parameters within and between monitoring stations. After the first event, pH at the Bangs Lake water quality station decreased to 3.7 and PO43- increased to over 4 mg P/l. Orthophosphate returned to background concentrations near the detection limit after approximately one year. Sampling 3 weeks after Hurricane Isaac showed PO43- concentrations over 1 mg P/l in Bangs Lake. Elevated PO43- levels were detected at other monitoring locations for 3—5 months, depending on distance from the fertilizer facility. Multiple comparison tests of trends within stations showed that both events had statistically similar PO43- concentrations, although the magnitudes and the time to return to baseline concentrations differed between stations. Temporal patterns of other nutrients had apparent long—term trends, particularly chlorophyll a, which showed an increase from 18—56% depending on station. This study provides a rare description of decadal water quality trends in a shallow, temperate estuary in response to discrete spill events. The results provide new information on the effects of phosphorus inputs to nitrogen—limited systems, having management implications for Gulf Coast estuaries

Co-Designing Elementary-Level Computer Science and Mathematics Lessons: An Expansive Framing Approach

This study examines how a rural-serving school district aimed to provide elementary-level computer science (CS) by offering instruction during students’ computer lab time. As part of a research-practice partnership, cross-context mathematics and CS lessons were co-designed to expansively frame and highlight connections across – as opposed to integration within – the two subjects. Findings indicated that most students who engaged with the lessons across the lab and classroom contexts reported finding the lessons interesting, seeing connections to their mathematics classes, and understanding the programming. In contrast, a three-level logistic regression model showed that students who only learned about mathematics connections within the CS lessons (thus not in a cross-context way) reported statistically significant lower levels of interest, connections, and understanding

Cache Code Math Computer Lab Lesson Plans: Repeated Addition & Multiplication

This document entails a number of computer lab concepts and accompanying activities for fifth grade students. The activities are intended to be implemented in conjunction with the mathematics lessons Cache Code Math September Unit: Repeats in Math and Programming and Cache Code Math Computer Lab Lesson Plans: Exponents and Repeats . Here the mathematics concepts of repeated addition and multiplication are explored using the computer coding concept of repeat loop blocks

Effects of regional differences and demography in modelling foot-and-mouth disease in cattle at the national scale

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a fast-spreading viral infection that can produce large and costly outbreaks in livestock populations. Transmission occurs at multiple spatial scales, as can the actions used to control outbreaks. The US cattle industry is spatially expansive, with heterogeneous distributions of animals and infrastructure. We have developed a model that incorporates the effects of scale for both disease transmission and control actions, applied here in simulating FMD outbreaks in US cattle. We simulated infection initiating in each of the 3049 counties in the contiguous US, 100 times per county. When initial infection was located in specific regions, large outbreaks were more likely to occur, driven by infrastructure and other demographic attributes such as premises clustering and number of cattle on premises. Sensitivity analyses suggest these attributes had more impact on outbreak metrics than the ranges of estimated disease parameter values. Additionally, although shipping accounted for a small percentage of overall transmission, areas receiving the most animal shipments tended to have other attributes that increase the probability of large outbreaks. The importance of including spatial and demographic heterogeneity in modelling outbreak trajectories and control actions is illustrated by specific regions consistently producing larger outbreaks than others