Infección por virus sincicial respiratorio. Reporte de casos de pacientes en área crítica pediátrica de un hospital del norte de Perú.

Background: The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) responsible for pneumonia and cause of hospitalization in critical pediatric areas, can cause deaths in infants. Report of case: Five infrequent cases were analyzed at a seasonal level in a hospital in northern Peru during the period from April to June 2019, where patients with pneumonia caused by RSV were observed, confirmed by direct immunofluorescence, chest radiography and with the presence of associated clinical findings hepatomegaly and atelectasis. Of the 05 cases: 4 correspond to boys and a girl, aged 2-7 months, all were hospitalized, presented wheezing, crackles and polytirage as prevalent signs at admission, all developed severe pneumonia and complications, were recorded two deaths in children under 6 months of age, with complications of sepsis, PARDS, and mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: the cases reflect characteristic clinical pictures of the disease, pneumonia and atelectasis in infants, complications such as SOB, PARDS and hepatomegaly.Introducción: El Virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR) responsable de neumonía y causa de hospitalización en áreas críticas pediátricas, puede ocasionar muertes en lactantes. Reporte de caso: Se analizaron cinco casos infrecuentes a nivel estacional en un hospital al norte de Perú durante el periodo de abril a junio del 2019, donde se observaron pacientes con neumonía causados por VSR, confirmado por inmunofluorescencia directa, radiografia de tórax y con presencia de hallazgos clínicos asociados hepatomegalia y atelectasia. De los 05 casos: 4 correspondieron a niños y una niña, en edades comprendidas de 2-7 meses, todos fueron hospitalizados, presentaron sibilancias, crepitantes y politiraje como signos prevalentes al ingreso, todos desarrollaron cuadro de neumonía severa y complicaciones, se registraron dos defunciones en menores de 6 meses, con complicaciones de sepsis, PARDS y ventilación mecánica. Conclusión: los casos presentados reflejan cuadros clínicos característicos de la enfermedad, neumonía y atelectasia en lactantes, complicaciones como SOB, PARDS y hepatomegalia

Seroprevalencia de brucelosis y leptospirosis en pobladores urbanos con crianza traspatio en el distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz de Chiclayo

Objective: To describe the seroprevalence of and risk factors for brucellosis and leptospirosis in urban citizens with backyard breeding in the district of José Leonardo Ortiz, Chiclayo. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 90 citizens during the month of October and December of 2016. IgM and IgG specific antibodies for brucellosis and leptospirosis were determined using the indirect ELISA method. Factors associated with these diseases were gathered using a structural survey. Results: The seroprevalence of brucellosis and leptospirosis was 2.2% and 28.9%, respectively. The most common environmental features of the population were that 73.3% use latrines 83.3% had contact with stagnant water and 62.2% had contact with rodents. No association between the variables looked for and these two diseases were found. Conclusions: We found a high seroprevalence of leptospirosis but a low prevalence of brucellosis in this setting. We suggest performing longitudinal studies that may identify risk factors to prevent these diseases. Objetivo: Describir la seroprevalencia de brucelosis y leptospirosis y los factores asociados, en pobladores urbanos con crianza traspatio en el distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz de Chiclayo, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, transversal y analítico realizado en 90 personas durante los meses de octubre a diciembre del 2016. Se determinaron anticuerpos IgM e IgG específicos para brucelosis y leptospirosis mediante la técnica de ELISA indirecto. Los factores asociados se recolectaron usando una encuesta estructurada. Resultado: La seroprevalencia de brucelosis fue 2,2% y de leptospirosis 28,9%. Las características ambientales más frecuentes en la población fueron, disposición de excretas en letrinas (73,3%), contacto con agua estancada (83,3%) contacto con roedores (62,2%). No se encontró asociación entre los factores evaluados y las enfermedades. Conclusiones: Se evidencia una alta seroprevalencia de leptospirosis y baja para brucelosis en personas con crianza traspatio del distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz de Chiclayo, revelando un problema de salud pública vigente. Se recomienda continuar con estudios longitudinales que permitirían evaluar factores de riesgo y realizar intervenciones preventivas.&nbsp

Efecto repelente y tiempo de protección de aceites esenciales frente al estadio adulto de Aedes aegypti

The aim of this was to evaluate the repellent effect and protection time of essential oils against the adult Aedes aegypti mosquito. A completely randomized design was used with a factorial arrangement that included 10 essential oils (Minthostachys mollis, Schinus molle, Ruta graveolens, Piper aduncun, Myrica pubescens, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Lantana glutinosa, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus and the DEET control. 10%) and four concentrations of the oils (125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/ml). Each experimental group consisted of 50 adult female A. aegypti mosquitoes raised in the laboratory and the repellent effect and protection time were evaluated using a sedated animal bait (Rattus rattus) with applications of 0.1 ml of the oils on the legs, tail and face. The rats and mosquitoes were found in two communicating cages of 25x25x40 cm. The oils with the greatest repellent effect and protection time, respectively, were C. citratus (97.4%; 165 minutes), E. globulus (95.8%; 165 minutes), L. glutinosa (93.8%; 180 minutes) and M. piperite (93.5%; 180 minutes) in its highest concentration (1000 mg/l); with differences between oils and between concentrations (p<0.001). Likewise, DEET 10% obtained a repellency of 95.3% and a protection time of 173 minutes. It is concluded that the essential oils of C. citratus, E. globulus, L. glutinosa and M. piperita can be considered as having natural repellent potential for A. aegypti.El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto repelente y tiempo de protección de aceites esenciales frente al mosquito adulto de Aedes aegypti. Se trabajó con un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial que incluyó 10 aceites esenciales (Minthostachys mollis, Schinus molle, Ruta graveolens, Piper aduncun, Myrica pubescens, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Lantana glutinosa, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus y el control DEET 10%) y cuatro concentraciones de los aceites (125, 250, 500 y 1000 mg/ml). Cada grupo experimental se constituyó por 50 mosquitos hembra adultos de A. aegypti criados en laboratorio y el efecto repelente y tiempo de protección se evaluaron usando un cebo animal sedado (Rattus rattus) con aplicaciones de 0.1 ml de los aceites en patas, cola y cara. Las ratas y los mosquitos se encontraron en dos jaulas comunicadas de 25x25x40 cm. Los aceites con mayor efecto repelente y tiempo de protección, respectivamente, fueron: C. citratus (97.4%; 165 minutos), E. globulus (95.8%; 165 minutos), L. glutinosa (93.8%; 180 minutos) y M. piperita (93.5%; 180 minutos) en su concentración mayor concentración (1000 mg/l); con diferencias entre aceites y entre concentraciones (p<0.001). Asimismo, el DEET 10% obtuvo una repelencia de 95.3 % y tiempo de protección de 173 minutos. Se concluye que los aceites esenciales de C. citratus, E. globulus, L. glutinosa y M. piperita pueden considerarse con potencial repelente natural para A. aegypti

Antimicrobial Potential of Tara Hydroalcoholic Extract (<i>Caesalpinia spinosa</i>) against <i>Streptococcus</i> Associated with Strep Throat

Antibiotics are often prescribed to treat infections caused by group B Streptococcus; however, inappropriate use of antibiotics can develop resistance. Because of this, the research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the in vitro effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze known as Taya or Tara on the viability of β-hemolytic streptococci; an experimental investigation of increasing stimulation was carried out. The hydroalcoholic extract of C. spinosa pods was worked in concentrations of 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/mL, which were placed on filter paper discs to perform the sensitivity test following the Kirby–Bauer method. The greatest inhibition of bacterial viability was observed in the penicillin control group (GPT-01) followed by the TCT-04 group (hydroalcoholic Tara extract 1000 mg/mL). In addition, it was found that these groups are statistically different from the rest (p C. spinosa (Molina) Kuntze affects the viability of β-hemolytic streptococci associated with strep pharyngitis and that this antimicrobial activity is due to the presence of tannins, steroidal flavonoid, and alkaloids. Likewise, the tested concentrations of hydroalcoholic Tara extract were found to have better antibacterial activity than erythromycin (15 µg/mL) against β-hemolytic streptococci. These results are hopeful for the traditional or herbal medicine field. However, future in vivo research is needed to determine its effectiveness in humans