Treatment of wastewater from the dairy industry using electroflocculation and solid whey recovery

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of electroflocculation for the treatment of wastewater from the dairy industry and the recovery of solid whey. An electrochemical apparatus containing two aluminum or iron electrodes, a power source, an electroflocculation cell and magnetic stirring was employed. The following experimental conditions were monitored: electroflocculation time, initial pH of wastewater and applied potential intensity. Chemical oxygen demand, turbidity and final pH were the response variables. The chemical oxygen demand and turbidity decreased by employing aluminum or iron electrodes, applied potential intensity of 5 V, distance between two electrodes of 2 cm, 60 min electroflocculation time and initial wastewater pH of 5.0. The removal rates of organic matter based on the measure of chemical oxygen demand and turbidity when employing aluminum electrodes were 97.0 ± 0.02% and 99.6 ± 3.00 × 10−4%, respectively, with a final pH of 6.72. The removal rates of organic matter when employing iron electrodes were 97.4 ± 0.01% and 99.1 ± 1.00 × 10−4%, respectively, with a final pH of 7.38. In conclusion, electroflocculation is an excellent alternative for the dairy wastewater treatment in comparison to conventional treatment methods. The water used in food production and equipment washing is recovered with this method, resulting in a liquid that can be properly disposed. It is also possible to recover solid whey after electroflotation, which can then be used in the production of food supplements for humans and animals. Therefore, the dairy wastewater treatment process employing electroflocculation leads to sustainable food production182574580CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E INOVAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA - FAPESC479402/2013-2; 312356/2015-3sem informaçãosem informaçã

Integração de dados georreferenciados para caracterização de unidades fisiográficas

This work was conduced with the goal of to estimate the potentiality of eight variables: gray levels of 3, 4 and 5 band of TM/Landsat -5, numeric model of the terrain and 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th order channels lenghts using a multivariate analysis. It were generated, throught of cluster analysis, graphics with dendograms forms. Combined with data integration: IHS/RGB of TM/Landsat - image transformation, numeric terrain models and drainage. All these elements allowed to separate the physiographics units, after field works, and th soils map generation.Pages: 27-2