FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY AND FARM ECONOMICS IN FRENCH ORGANIC SUCKLER CATTLE FARMS

The organic Charolais suckler farmers of the French Massif Central sell most of their animals on the conventional market. The high cost of the inputs, and in particular the concentrates, is an incentive for these suckler farmers to seek a high degree of food self-sufficiency on their farms. This self-sufficiency is reached through good management of grass and especially through cereal crops for animal feeding. The strong limitation of the inputs does not affect the numerical productivity or the health of the herd, but it entails lower meat productivity per animal and per hectare. However, the operational cost savings make it possible to maintain income per hectare at the same level as that of conventional farms

Impacts possibles de la réforme de la PAC de juin 2003 et de ses différentes options d'application sur des exploitations d'élevages bovins allaitants

La dernière réforme de la PAC poursuit celle de 1992, elle-même confirmée par l'Agenda 2000, dans le découplage des soutiens directs à la production. Afin de voir les adaptations des exploitations d'élevage bovin allaitant, des simulations de différentes options d'application de la réforme ont été faites pour les principaux cas d'exploitations, plus ou moins intensives, naisseurs ou naisseurs-engraisseurs de taurillons ou de boeufs, avec plus ou moins de cultures, situées dans les 3 régions charolaise, limousine et Pays de Loire. Les tendances qui se dégagent, après adaptations à prix stables, soutiens globalement maintenus et à superficie constante, sont la faible incidence sur le résultat économique, la réduction des cultures au profit des prairies et du cheptel, l'augmentation du nombre de vaches après diminution dans la situation de référence, le maintien de la finition des femelles avec les rapports de prix entre catégories de 1998, et l'engraissement des mâles plus difficile mais maintenu dans certaines options dans les systèmes naisseurs-engraisseurs étudiés.

An organic suckler cattle farming system in the Massif Central: analysis of technical and economic results.

in the Massif Central. An organic suckler cattle farm network was set up in order to establish technical and economic references. In 2004, 22 farms were monitored (13 of which had been monitored since 2001). All of these farms are located in economically-depressed areas. One hundred percent of the fodder area is under grassland. Annual crops (cereals and a cereal/pulse mix) take up 13% of the farm area and are used as livestock feed. The stocking rate (1 Livestock Unit/ha of fodder area) is 20% lower on organic farms than on conventional farms. Organic farms use 33% less concentrates per LU, and the meat production/LU is 16% lower than for conventional farms. The poorly structured organic beef market forces organic farmers to sell most of their animals (mainly store animals, since fattened animals represent only 43% of the animals sold) on the conventional market without getting premium prices. Since only fattened animals are sold on the organic market at a premium price, the average selling price (€/kg live-weight) of all the animals sold is only 12% higher for organically-bred than for conventionally-bred animals. However, because of lower operational costs (-35% for herd and fodder area costs), the bovine gross margin/LU is 3% higher for OF than for conventionally-bred animals. The lower stocking rate leads to a lower gross product per hectare of farm area. Since this result is balanced by a very low level of operational costs (no chemical inputs), the economic efficiency of the OF system is higher than that of the conventional system. The farm income per worker is the same in both systems. The search for feed self-sufficiency at the farm scale is a crucial element in farm economics, but it is only possible on mixed-crop livestock farms where cropping is possible with adapted crop rotation. The grassland farms, which are the least self-sufficient and have to purchase all the concentrates needed, must sell all their animals on the organic market to get the premium price that will then enable them to buy the inputs not produced on the farm

Aonni Mineral Water Plant

https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/bcs/1474/thumbnail.jp

The Cerebellopontile Angle, The Blood Supply of the Brain Stem and the Reticular Formation: Anatomical and Functional Correlations Relevant to Surgery of Acoustic Tumors

The cerebellopontile angle and the vascular supply of the adjacent brain stem and cerebellum are susceptible to compression and damage by tumor and may be injured, directly or indirectly, during surgery. Awareness of the normal anatomical features of the region is valuable to the neuropathologist, the neurosurgeon and the neuro-otologist. Following is the first of a two-part presentation which describes the anatomy of the cerebellopontile angle, the vascular supply of the brain stem and its pathophysiology

Analisis Sentiment Masyarakat Terhadap penyebaran Starlink di Indonesia Menggunakan Algoritma Naive Bayes

Penelitian ini bermaksud menganalisis sentimen masyarakat terhadap penyebaran Starlink di Indonesia dengan menggunakan algoritma Naive Bayes. Data dikumpulkan dari komentar YouTube yang kemudian diberi label sebagai positif atau negatif. Setelah melalui tahap preprocessing, dilakukan analisis sentimen untuk menentukan kecenderungan komentar kepada Starlink. Algoritma Naive Bayes digunakan untuk klasifikasi data tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas komentar bersifat positif terhadap Starlink, terutama dari daerah terpencil yang sulit mendapatkan akses internet. Selain itu, jurnal ini juga membahas dampak Proyek Satelit Starlink terhadap penyedia layanan internet, perkembangan Internet of Things di sektor energi, serta efisiensi algoritma Naive Bayes dalam klasifikasi buah. Jurnal ini turut menyajikan perbandingan algoritma machine learning untuk analisis sentimen dan tantangan dalam text mining. Kemampuan kerja Naive Bayes menunjukkan akurasi 64% dan Hasil ini dipengaruhi oleh ketidakseimbangan dataset, dengan 946 sentimen negatif dan 543 sentimen positif dari total 1489 data. Kesimpulannya ini cukup jujur dan realistis. Namun, jurnal ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan menyertakan rekomendasi untuk penelitian di masa mendatang, seperti penerapan algoritma berbeda, perbaikan teknik pra-pemrosesan, atau pengumpulan data dari berbagai sumber yang lebih beragam

Modifying genetic epilepsies - Results from studies on tuberous sclerosis complex

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder affecting approximately 1 in 6,000 in general population and represents one of the most common genetic causes of epilepsy. Epilepsy affects 90% of the patients and appears in the first 2 years of life in the majority of them. Early onset of epilepsy in the first year of life is associated with high risk of cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric problems including autism. Recently TSC has been recognized as a model of genetic epilepsies. TSC is a genetic condition with known dysregulated mTOR pathway and is increasingly viewed as a model for human epileptogenesis. Moreover, TSC is characterized by a hyperactivation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, and mTOR activation was showed to be implicated in epileptogenesis in many animal models and human epilepsies. Recently published studies documented positive effect of preventive or disease modifying treatment of epilepsy in infants with high risk of epilepsy with significantly lower incidence of epilepsy and better cognitive outcome. Further studies on preventive treatment of epilepsy in other genetic epilepsies of early childhood are considered. This article is part of the special issue entitled \u27New Epilepsy Therapies for the 21st Century - From Antiseizure Drugs to Prevention, Modification and Cure of Epilepsy\u27

EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN BLOCKCHAIN DALAM MENGURANGI RISIKO FRAUD PADA AUDIT KEUANGAN

Fraud dalam audit keuangan merupakan salah satu tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi oleh auditor dan perusahaan di seluruh dunia. Meskipun berbagai langkah pencegahan telah diterapkan, risiko fraud tetap menjadi masalah signifikan dalam menjaga integritas laporan keuangan. Teknologi blockchain, yang dikenal dengan sifatnya yang desentralisasi, transparan, dan aman, menawarkan solusi yang menjanjikan untuk mengurangi risiko fraud dalam audit keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penerapan blockchain dalam mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya fraud pada audit keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dan wawancara dengan profesional di bidang audit dan teknologi informasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan blockchain dapat meningkatkan transparansi transaksi, mengurangi kemungkinan manipulasi data, dan mempercepat proses verifikasi laporan keuangan. Selain itu, penerapan blockchain dalam audit keuangan dapat mengurangi biaya audit dengan mengurangi ketergantungan pada pihak ketiga dan mempercepat proses verifikasi. Dengan demikian, blockchain terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi risiko fraud dan meningkatkan keandalan serta efisiensi dalam audit keuangan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi perusahaan dan regulator untuk mempertimbangkan blockchain sebagai solusi teknologi dalam meningkatkan transparansi dan mengurangi risiko manipulasi laporan keuangan

Pengaruh Kualitas Audit Dan Leverage Terhadap Audit Delay Dengan Firm Size Sebagai Moderasi (Studi Pada Perusahaan Sektor Food And Beverage 2021-2023)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas audit dan leverage terhadap audit delay, serta peran ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel moderasi. Audit delay diukur sebagai selang waktu antara akhir tahun keuangan dan tanggal rilis laporan audit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas audit berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap audit delay, artinya semakin tinggi kualitas audit, semakin cepat proses penyelesaian audit. Sebaliknya, leverage tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay. Selain itu, ukuran perusahaan tidak mampu memoderasi hubungan antara kualitas audit maupun leverage terhadap audit delay. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi audit lebih ditentukan oleh kualitas audit daripada oleh faktor-faktor eksternal seperti ukuran perusahaan atau tingkat leverage