Analysis of Application of Cricoid Cartilage Pressure

Background. Cricoid cartilage pressure was formally described in 1961 by Dr. B. A. Sellick. Research has demonstrated a lack of formalized training in cricoid pressure application, leaving the patient at risk for pulmonary aspiration. Methods. This study was non-experimental and correlational with a descriptive aspect. Operating room registered nurses were sampled at urban medical centers. Results. There was no statistically significant correlation between the registered nurses' cognitive or application results and their gender, hand dominance, frequency of application, or having previous training. There was a correlation between years of clinical experience and the actual applied pressure, p = .022. The descriptive aspect revealed significant deficiencies in knowledge and application skills. Conclusions. Despite 60% of the study participants acknowledging having prior training, the results demonstrated that they were no more likely to identify, correctly state, or apply the proper cricoid pressure. Factors suggested by other authors as having influence on the ability to apply pressure were also unfounded by this study

Opaline Microfossils in Some Michigan Soils

Author Institution: Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinoi

Rail Fixed Guideway Systems in Western U.S. Regions

This research explores the policy factors influencing the intraregional development of rail transit. For the purpose of this research, policy factors include: institutional arrangements, factors associated with governance, and factors in the policymaking process. The research questions are studied in five case study MSAs within the Pacific West and Mountain West regions of the United States: Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ; Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO; Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA; Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA; and Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR. The foundational problems that frame this research are the challenges of urban planning at a regional scale, specifically for transportation. The more specific challenge of transportation planning is situated within the challenge of regional planning. The primary research question is: what policy factors influence the development of regional rail? Several sub-questions stem from the primary question. How do these policy factors differ among the case study regions? How do institutional arrangements, governance and policymaking differ among the cases? What policy recommendations can be drawn from the five case study regions and the specific perspectives of their regional leaders in rail development? Six policy recommendations are provided based upon the interview responses and the case study data. These emphasize policy for operations and maintenance (O&M) funding, budgeting for dire economic times, flexing environment and health funds for transit, the symbiosis of bus and rail transit, considerations for replicating aspects of the Portland model of governance, and equitable transit policy related to the housing crisis. The study also offers considerations of these data in light of the Covid-19 pandemic and continued U.S. economic recovery plans and investment

Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Projections for the National Park Service

Over one quarter of the units of the National Park System occur along ocean coastlines. Ongoing changes in relative sea levels and the potential for increasing storm surges due to anthropogenic climate change and other factors present challenges to national park managers. This report summarizes work done by the University of Colorado in partnership with the National Park Service (NPS) to provide sea level rise and storm surge projections to coastal area national parks using information from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and storm surge scenarios from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) models. This research is the first to analyze IPCC and NOAA projections of sea level and storm surge under climate change for U.S. national parks. Results illustrate potential future inundation and storm surge under four greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. In addition to including multiple scenarios, the analysis considers multiple time horizons (2030, 2050 and 2100). This analysis provides sea level rise projections for 118 park units and storm surge projections for 79 of those parks. Within the National Park Service, the National Capital Region is projected to experience the highest average rate of sea level change by 2100. The coastline adjacent to the Outer Banks Group of parks in the Southeast Region is projected to experience the highest sea level rise by 2100. The Southeast Region is projected to experience the highest storm surges based on historical data and NOAA storm surge models. These results are intended to inform park planning and adaptation strategies for resources managed by the National Park Service. Sea level change and storm surge pose considerable risks to infrastructure, archeological sites, lighthouses, forts, and other historic structures in coastal units of the national park system. Understanding projections for continued change can better guide protection of such resources for the benefit of long-term visitor enjoyment and safety

Compact low power infrared tube furnace for in situ X-ray powder diffraction.

We describe the development and implementation of a compact, low power, infrared heated tube furnace for in situ powder X-ray diffraction experiments. Our silicon carbide (SiC) based furnace design exhibits outstanding thermal performance in terms of accuracy control and temperature ramping rates while simultaneously being easy to use, robust to abuse and, due to its small size and low power, producing minimal impact on surrounding equipment. Temperatures in air in excess of 1100 °C can be controlled at an accuracy of better than 1%, with temperature ramping rates up to 100 °C/s. The complete "add-in" device, minus power supply, fits in a cylindrical volume approximately 15 cm long and 6 cm in diameter and resides as close as 1 cm from other sensitive components of our experimental synchrotron endstation without adverse effects

The occurrence of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) at Espiritu Santo Seamount in the Gulf of Mexico) at Espiritu Santo Seamount in the Gulf of Mexico

Pelagic fishes are not evenly dispersed in the oceans, but aggregate at distinct locations in this vast and open environment. Nomadic species such as mackerels, tunas, and sharks form assemblages at seamounts (Klimley and Butler, 1988; Fontenau, 1991). Fishermen have recognized this behavior and have placed moorings with surface buoys in deep waters to provide artificial landmarks, around which fish concentrate and are more easily captured. These fish aggregating devices (termed FADs) are common in the tropical oceans (see review, Holland, 1996). In a sense, it may only be the larger size that separates a seamount from a man-made FAD

Asymptotic analysis of pollution filtration through thin random fissures between two porous media

We describe the asymptotic behaviour of a filtration problem from a contaminated porous medium to a non-contaminated porous medium through thin vertical fissures of fixed height h>0, of random thinness of order {\epsilon} and which are $\epsilon$-periodically distributed. We compute the limit velocity of the flow and the limit flux of pollutant at the interfaces between the two porous media and the intermediate one

Solitary coherent structures in viscoelastic shear flow: computation and mechanism

Starting from stationary bifurcations in Couette-Dean flow, we compute nontrivial stationary solutions in inertialess viscoelastic circular Couette flow. These solutions are strongly localized vortex pairs, exist at arbitrarily large wavelengths, and show hysteresis in the Weissenberg number, similar to experimentally observed ``diwhirl'' patterns. Based on the computed velocity and stress fields, we elucidate a heuristic, fully nonlinear mechanism for these flows. We propose that these localized, fully nonlinear structures comprise fundamental building blocks for complex spatiotemporal dynamics in the flow of elastic liquids.Comment: 5 pages text and 4 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letter