THE COST OF MEETING EQUITY: OPPORTUNITY COST OF IRRIGATION IN THE FISH-SUNDAYS SCHEME OF SOUTH AFRICA

In this paper the incremental values of water are calculated for irrigators in the Fish-Sundays Scheme of South Africa's Eastern Cape province. The socio-political pressure for redistribution of agricultural resources provided the imperative for this study. The model of the Fish-Sundays Scheme reflects a survey of 50 000ha of fodder and citrus production. It explicitly models the water demand on sixteen typical farms, for five irrigation technologies, six crops and four livestock activities. The existing allocation generates an average value of R0.0423/m3/year, which increases to R0.0681/m3/year if farmer-to-farmer trading is allowed given existing infrastructure. Unrestricted trade raises the average value to R0.0719/m3/year. The marginal cost of additional water in the source basin is R0.05/m3/year for the first 315 million m3 and R1.27/m3/year to extend capacity beyond that.water value, irrigation, linear programming, South Africa, Eastern Cape, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q15, Q12,

The Confederate Government and the Unionists of East Tennessee

Preface: The events with which this thesis deals left behind them a heritage of hatred, bitterness, and prejudice. In the years immediately following the Civil War, those persons who were by birth or by nature Northern in sentiment stubbornly believed that the Confederate government overstepped the bounds of civilized warfare - that it was unnecessarily and maliciously cruel to the Unionists of East Tennessee. On the other hand, those of Southern sentiment despised the East Tennessee Unionists as traitors to their state and friends - as persons wholly untrustworthy and treacherous. I have not sought to either condemn or justify the Unionists or the Confederate officials. Both believed they were right; both were fighting for their principles. Neither was free from the barbarities attendant upon war

Alien Registration- Steward, Beatrice L. (South Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/20491/thumbnail.jp

Coates Library: Support for Open Access Scholarly Publishing

A document listing the ways that Coates Library supports Open Access scholarly publishing

Alien Registration- Farrell, Beatrice L. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/24468/thumbnail.jp

Cross-lingual Question Answering with QED

We present improvements and modifications of the QED open-domain question answering system developed for TREC-2003 to make it cross-lingual for participation in the CrossLinguistic Evaluation Forum (CLEF) Question Answering Track 2004 for the source languages French and German and the target language English. We use rule-based question translation extended with surface pattern-oriented pre- and post-processing rules for question reformulation to create and English query from its French or German original. Our system uses deep processing for the question and answers, which requires efficient and radical prior search space pruning. For answering factoid questions, we report an accuracy of 16% (German to English) and 20% (French to English), respectively

I Will Love You Till the Stars Shall Cease to Shine

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/1723/thumbnail.jp

Bleeding changes after levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system insertion for contraception in women with self-reported heavy menstrual bleeding.

BackgroundThe levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system has proven efficacy for heavy menstrual bleeding treatment in clinical trials, but few data exist to demonstrate how rapidly the effects occur and the effects in women with self-reported heavy bleeding, as seen commonly in clinical practice.ObjectiveEvaluate changes in bleeding patterns in women with self-reported heavy menstrual bleeding before levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system insertion.Study designA total of 1714 women aged 16-45 years old received a levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system in a multicenter trial evaluating contraceptive efficacy and safety for up to 10 years. At screening, participants described their baseline menstrual bleeding patterns for the previous 3 months. Participants completed daily diaries with subjective evaluation of bleeding information for the first 2 years. For this analysis, we included women with at least 1 complete 28-day cycle of intrauterine system use and excluded women using a hormonal or copper intrauterine contraception in the month prior to study enrollment. We evaluated changes in menstrual bleeding and discontinuation for bleeding complaints per 28-day cycle over 26 cycles (2 years) in women who self-reported their baseline pattern as heavy. We also compared rates of amenorrhea, defined as no bleeding or spotting, within the entire study population in women with subjective heavy menstrual bleeding at baseline compared with those who did not complain of heavy menstrual bleeding.ResultsOf the 1513 women in this analysis, 150 (9.9%) reported baseline heavy menstrual bleeding. The majority of women reported no longer experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding by the end of cycle 1 (112/150, 74.7%) with even greater rates by cycle 2 (124/148, 83.8%). At the end of cycles 6, 13, and 26, 129 of 140 (92.1%; 95% confidence interval, 87.7%-96.6%), 114 of 123 (92.7%; 95% confidence interval, 88.1%-97.3%), and 100 of 103 (97.1%; 95% confidence interval, 93.8%-100%) women reported no heavy menstrual bleeding, respectively. After cycles 13 and 26, 63 of 123 (51.2%; 95% confidence interval, 42.4%-60.1%) and 66 of 103 (64.1%; 95% confidence interval, 54.8%-73.3%), respectively, reported their bleeding as amenorrhea or spotting only. A lower proportion of women with baseline self-reported heavy menstrual bleeding reported amenorrhea as compared with women in the overall study cohort without heavy menstrual bleeding at the end of 6 cycles (319 [25.5%] vs 21 [15.0%], P=.005) and 13 cycles (382 [34.4%] vs 26 [21.1%], P=.003); differences were not significant after 19 cycles (367 [37.2%] vs 36 [31.0%], P=.022) and 26 cycles (383 [43.5%] vs 38 [36.9%], P=.21). Only 4 (2.7%) women with baseline heavy menstrual bleeding discontinued for bleeding complaints (2 for heavy menstrual bleeding and 2 for irregular bleeding), all within the first year.ConclusionMost women who self-report heavy menstrual bleeding experience significant improvement quickly after levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system insertion. Discontinuation for bleeding complaints among women with baseline heavy menstrual bleeding is very low

ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PENGHITUNGAN, PEMOTONGAN, PENYETORAN, DAN PELAPORAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN PASAL 21 OLEH PT. GL CABANG PASURUAN DI JAWA TIMUR

Setiap warga negara wajib membayar pajak sebagai salah satu cara untuk berkontribusi dalam pembiayaan negara dan pembangunan bangsa. Berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD 1945, Indonesia adalah negara hukum yang menjunjung tinggi hak dan kewajiban warga negara. Pungutan adalah komitmen wajib kepada negara yang terutang oleh orang atau asosiasi rahasia di bawah intimidasi regulasi, tanpa imbalan langsung, dan digunakan untuk kepentingan bersama. Pungutan mengambil bagian penting dalam pendapatan negara dan dapat mengurangi ketergantungan negara pada kewajiban asing. Bagian keuangan menyediakan data untuk penelitian ini, yang didasarkan pada observasi, wawancara, dan metode penelitian kepustakaan. Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi tersebut, penulis menduga bahwa perkiraan biaya tahunan pasal 21 dilakukan oleh PT. GL bagi pegawai sesuai Peraturan Dirjen Pajak Nomor tentang Pekerjaan, Jasa, dan Kegiatan Orang Pribadi Pedoman Teknis Pemotongan, Penyetoran, dan Pelaporan Pajak Penghasilan: Per-16/Pj/2016 PT. Untuk tahun pajak 2019, GL menyetor dan melaporkan PPh pasal 21 ke Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Pasuruan dengan menggunakan Surat Setoran Pajak dan SPT. Pembayaran dan pelaporan sama-sama selesai tepat waktu. PT. GL telah mematuhi peraturan pajak pasal 21 saat menyetor dan melaporkan pajak penghasilan