State of plasma hemostasis in patients with hypertension in combination with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background. Among liver diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common. NAFLD is an independent risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Objective. To determine the state of the anticoagulant, fibrinolytic and coagulation hemostasis in patients with hypertension and concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the presence of obesity. Materials and methods. 150 patients (64 men and 86 women) were examined. Groups of patients: I - 50 patients with HT stage 2, II - 48 patients with NAFLD without HT, group III - 52 patients who had HT stage 2 with concomitant NAFLD. Results. PT value decrease in the NAFLD group by 12.2% (

Local studies as a facility of the learners’ patriotic education in different educational communities during the course of the French language

© 2016 Kasimova and Bazhenova.The significance of the problem is determined by the requirement of the modern society in the education of spiritually-moral, social-active, patriotically-oriental person. The aim of the article is to find out the possibilities of the local studies in the patriotic education of learners in the course of the French language. The main approach of the topic’s research is a personal pragmatist strategy that allows considering the learner as an active doer of the patriotic values. This article includes the possibilities of applying local studies information in the course of the foreign language, the aids of the patriotic educational arrangements, the difficulties of the local studies using in the course of the French language, the reasoning of its phase-gate learning. The information of the article can be useful for teachers and lecturers of the French language for writing textbooks, study guides in French to prepare lectures, seminars, and special courses of study French Teaching Methodology and also in practice of the teaching French language in the general education institution and in the Institution of Higher Education

Hydrolysate of ovalbumin: production and evaluation of the functional properties of peptides

Chicken eggs proteins and their derivatives, like protein hydrolysates, peptides and amino acids, possess high nutritional value and provide a wide range of biological activity. They serve as sources for development of functional ingredients that draw the attention of specialists in the food production and biomedical industries, as well as the livestock feed industry. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins is a popular process for obtaining bioactive peptides with multifunctional properties. The purpose of this study is to obtain a hydrolysate of ovalbumin with a high degree of hydrolysis and to determine its functional and technological parameters. The research presents a two-stage scheme of ovalbumin hydrolysis with the help of pepsin and trypsin which provide high degree of hydrolysis (82–83%). The fractional composition of the hydrolysate is determined. The fractional composition is represented by three main fractions (high, medium and low molecular weight). The summarized antioxidant activity (SAA) of the hydrolysate is considered within the dynamics of the hydrolysis process. The highest SAA value was noted after 2 hours, and it amounted to 170.23 mg/l; at the end of hydrolysis the SAA value was equal to 114.31 mg/l. When analyzing the SAA, it was found that the main contribution to the summarized antioxidant activity of the ovalbumin hydrolysate is made by peptides of the medium molecular fraction. The microfiltration process, used in the research, made it possible to separate high-molecular compounds, which led to an increase in the SAA of the hydrolysate to 189.9 mg/l. The main functional and technological parameters of the hydrolysate are determined in this research. The comprehensive study of the biological activity and functional characteristics of egg protein hydrolysates and their peptides provides a theoretical basis for expanding the range of functional ingredients obtained from food proteins and for replenishing the range of functional foods.Chicken eggs proteins and their derivatives, like protein hydrolysates, peptides and amino acids, possess high nutritional value and provide a wide range of biological activity. They serve as sources for development of functional ingredients that draw the attention of specialists in the food production and biomedical industries, as well as the livestock feed industry. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins is a popular process for obtaining bioactive peptides with multifunctional properties. The purpose of this study is to obtain a hydrolysate of ovalbumin with a high degree of hydrolysis and to determine its functional and technological parameters. The research presents a two-stage scheme of ovalbumin hydrolysis with the help of pepsin and trypsin which provide high degree of hydrolysis (82–83%). The fractional composition of the hydrolysate is determined. The fractional composition is represented by three main fractions (high, medium and low molecular weight). The summarized antioxidant activity (SAA) of the hydrolysate is considered within the dynamics of the hydrolysis process. The highest SAA value was noted after 2 hours, and it amounted to 170.23 mg/l; at the end of hydrolysis the SAA value was equal to 114.31 mg/l. When analyzing the SAA, it was found that the main contribution to the summarized antioxidant activity of the ovalbumin hydrolysate is made by peptides of the medium molecular fraction. The microfiltration process, used in the research, made it possible to separate high-molecular compounds, which led to an increase in the SAA of the hydrolysate to 189.9 mg/l. The main functional and technological parameters of the hydrolysate are determined in this research. The comprehensive study of the biological activity and functional characteristics of egg protein hydrolysates and their peptides provides a theoretical basis for expanding the range of functional ingredients obtained from food proteins and for replenishing the range of functional foods

A method development for improving the stability of vegetable polyphenol complexes for semi-finished minced meat products with antioxidant effect

Polyphenolic vegetable complexes are active antioxidants and play an important role in the processes of free radicals quenching in the human body. The aim of the work was to develop an immobilization method as a way for improving the stability of polyphenols in dried cowberry squeezing extract (DCSE) and to develop semi-finished minced meat products with antioxidant effect without changing their nutritional value. Experiments were carried out to study the nutritional value of DCSE. The presence of a large number of polyphenolic compounds in DCSE and a high radical-binding ability of the extract were revealed. Based on the mathematical planning method, an offal paste composition was obtained, which was used to obtain pellets, and the formulation of semi-finished minced meat products with pellets was optimized. It was established that preliminary immobilization of DCSE on offal pellets components allows to increase the level of total antioxidant content in the minced meat. Subsequent heat treatment of semi-finished minced meat products produced from such minced meat showed an increase in stability and, thus, bioavailability of antioxidants and the possibility of obtaining a finished product with antioxidant effect. The antioxidant effect of cowberry squeezing extract in the meat system is proved: accumulation of lipid oxidative decomposition products in the meat system during storage of frozen semi-finished minced meat products was inhibited to a greater extent when using offal pellets with immobilized compounds of cowberry squeezing extract. This work was carried out as part of the State Assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 19.5486.2017/BCh and the «Young Scientists of ESSTU‑2019» grant

Identifying the relationship between game addiction and emotional intelligence

This article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the level of severity of gaming disorder and emotional intelligence in students of different courses in different areas of study. The indicators of emotional intelligence and passion for computer games are compared.В данной статье представлены результаты исследования взаимосвязи уровня выраженности гейм-аддикции и эмоционального интеллекта у студентов разных курсов разных направлений обучения. Сравниваются показатели эмоционального интеллекта и увлеченности компьютерными играм

CONCENTRATIONS OF IMMUNOREGULATORY PROTEINS AND SOME CYTOKINES IN BLOOD OF WOMEN DURING MENOPAUSAL THERAPY

It has been shown that the influence of hormonal and non-hormonal therapy of menopausal syndrome upon immune profile may be variable, and the results of appropriate studies may be often contradictory. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of hormonal and non-hormonal therapy in menopausal syndrome upon serum levels of some immunoregulatory proteins, i.e., alpha2-macroglobulin (a2-MG), pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (PAG), contents of some related cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-2) as well as VEGF amounts. Administration of menopausal hormone treatment and nonhormonal therapy was associated with reduced IL-6 levels in serum, regardless of treatment duration, or type of drug applied. We have found a statistically significant decrease of IL-8 serum levels in the course of dynamic monitoring in the women taking a menopausal hormone preparation containing 1 mg of 17β-estradiol and 5 mg dydrogesterone, and a non-hormonal drug containing genistein (60 mg) for 3-6 months. The levels of VEGF demonstrated high individual variability during therapy of menopausal syndrome. Serum concentrations of immunoregulatory a2-MG were stable in climacteric syndrome, and did not differ from normal values. However, the content of PAG, a known immunosuppressive protein, was increased 3-4 times in serum of 33-50% of the women receiving menopausal hormonal therapy, regardless of progestogen dose (5 or 10 mg dydrogesterone), and duration of its use. These findings suggest a need for individualized drug selection in order to minimize a risk of immunodeficiency conditions in the patients receiving hormone therapy of menopausal syndrome

Effect of lethal yellow (AY) mutation and photoperiod alterations on mouse behavior

Decrease in natural illumination in fall/winter months causes depressive-like seasonal affective disorders in vulnerable individuals. Obesity is another risk factor of depression. The lethal yellow (AY) mutation causes ectopic expression of agouti protein in the brain. Mice heterozygous for AY mutation (AY/a) are obese compared to their wild-type littermates (a/a). The main aims of the study were to investigate the effects of AY mutation, photoperiod and the interaction between these factors on daily activity dynamics, feeding, locomotor and exploratory activities, anxiety-related and depressive-like behaviors in mild stress condition. Six weeks old mouse males of AY/a and a/a lines were divided into four groups eight animals each and exposed to long- (14 h light and 10 h darkness) or short- (4 h light and 20 h darkness) day conditions for 28 days. Then the behavior of these mice was successively investigated in the home cage, open field, elevated plus-maze and forced swim tests. We did not observed any effect of AY mutation on the general activity, water and food consumption in the home cage; locomotion and exploration in the open field test; anxiety-related behavior in the open field and elevated plus-maze tests. At the same time, AY mutation increased depressive-like immobility time in the forced swim test (F1.28 = 20.03, p = 0.00012). Shortday conditions decreased nocturnal activity in the home cage, as well as locomotion (F1.28 = 16.33, p = 0.0004) and exploration (F1.28 = 16.24, p < 0.0004) in the open field test. Moreover, short-day exposition decreased time spent in the center of the open field (F1.28 = 6.57, p = 0.016) and in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze (F1.28 = 12.08, p = 0.0017) tests and increased immobility time in the forced swim test (F1.28 = 9.95, p = 0.0038). However, no effect of the interaction between AY mutation and photoperiod on immobility time in the forced swim test was observed. Therefore, short-day photoperiod and AY mutation increased depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test by means of different mechanisms

Optimized properties of live vaccine influenza reassortant strains obtained by reverse genetics

Classical reassortment in developing chicken eggs is a well-established technique for obtaining LAIV strains. Naturally generated reassortant vaccine strains are characterized by high reproductive capacity, genetically stable characteristics of temperature sensitivity and cold resistance, which correspond to the characteristics of the MDV involved in crossing with the epidemic virus. Along with antigenic relevance, natural reassortment ensures attenuation of vaccine strains, good reproduction capacity in upper respiratory tract cells and inability to reproduction in the lower respiratory tract. With classical reassortment, the speed and efficiency of obtaining vaccine reassortants largely depend on the properties of epidemic virus, and therefore cannot be stable. The potential of reverse genetics is attractive because it allows to obtain vaccine reassortants quickly and efficiently, reduce the likelihood of spontaneous mutations; however, the vaccine strain is deprived of the advantages of natural selection, in which the most viable clones are selected. This study presents the results of comparatively assessed A(H3N2) LAIVs obtained in parallel by classical reassortment and reverse genetics according to criteria confirming that vaccine strains inherit the necessary properties that guarantee their harmlessness and high reproduction in chicken embryos. Strains for LAIV obtained by both methods retained all attenuating mutations inherited from the MDV, were highly reproductive at the optimal temperature, with temperature sensitivity corresponded to the MDV. However, strains obtained by reverse genetics, was observed to have partial loss of cold resistance in comparison with that of the MDV and classical reassortants. Reduced cold adaptation may negatively affect vaccine effectiveness. It is important that after several additional passages in chicken embryos at low temperature, the cold resistance of the vaccine strain, assembled by reverse genetics, was increased. Credibly that cold resistance is a phenotypic trait, the degree of manifestation of which depends on the temperature conditions of virus multiplication. The selective factor of reduced incubation temperature is missing in reverse genetics. In order for the cold-adapted phenotype to be fully realized, additional passages at low temperature of RG-reassortants are necessary. Thus, the reverse genetics method using plasmid technology allows to effectively prepare reassortant strains for LAIV. An important stage in obtaining vaccine strains using genetic engineering techniques should be the control of their cold-adapted phenotype and its optimization by additional passages at low temperature

Tax Ad ministration of Large Taxpayers: Global Trends and Features of Russ ian Experience

The article deals with the history and current trends of tax administration of large taxpayers in the Russian Federation. The world experience of tax administration is analyzed as regards the peculiarities of large taxpayers. The following stages of the evolution of tax administration in developed countries are highlighted: the allocation of special units controlling large taxpayers in tax administrations; structuring control functions by industry; introduction of the principle of co-operative compliance. The characteristics and conditions of implementation in the OECD countries of the concept of co-operative compliance were analyzed. The results of tax administration of large taxpayers in the Russian Federation are considered. Particular attention was paid to the first results of the introduction of tax monitoring. The stages of the development of tax administration in developed countries and the Russian Federation are highlighted. It was concluded that the tendencies in the administration of large taxpayers in the Russian Federation are centralization, the introduction of information systems and a system of agreements, which generally corresponds to global practice. The main difference of the Russian practice of tax administration of large taxpayers, which is granting them preferences in exchange for access to their information and management, is highlighted. The analysis of the indicators confirmed the special tax status of the largest taxpayers as it showed the absence of a direct relationship between the performance indicators of the largest taxpayers and their tax liabilities. It was shown that subjective factors determine about 20% of the variation of the tax liabilities of a large taxpayer. It was concluded that the introduction of new forms of control in the form of tax monitoring is an effective way of state influence on the largest companies and a way to ensure the predictable social policy.В статье рассматривается история и современные тенденции налогового администрирования крупных налогоплательщиков в Российской Федерации. Анализируется мировой опыт налогового администрирования, соответствующий особенностям крупных налогоплательщиков. Выделены следующие этапы развития налогового администрирования в развитых странах: выделение специальных подразделений контролирующих крупных налогоплательщиков в налоговых администрациях; структурирование функций контроля по отраслевому признаку; внедрение принципа совместного соблюдения правил. Проанализированы характеристики и условия внедрения в странах ОЭСР концепции совместного соблюдения правил. Рассматриваются результаты налогового администрирования крупных налогоплательщиков в Российской Федерации. Особое внимание уделяется первым результатам внедрения налогового мониторинга. Выделены этапы развития налогового администрирования в развитых странах и Российской Федерации. Сделан вывод о том, что тенденциями в администрировании крупных налогоплательщиков в Российской Федерации являются централизация, внедрение информационных систем и системы соглашений, что в целом соответствует общемировой практике. Выделено основное отличие российской практики налогового администрирования крупных налогоплательщиков, заключающееся в предоставлении им преференций в обмен на доступ к своей информации и управление. Проведенный анализ показателей подтвердил особый налоговый статус крупнейших налогоплательщиков, так как показал отсутствие прямой зависимости между показателями деятельности крупнейших налогоплательщиков и их налоговыми обязательствами. Показано, что субъективные факторы определяют около 20 % вариации налоговых обязательств крупного налогоплательщика. Сделан вывод о том, что внедрение новых форм контроля в виде налогового мониторинга является эффективным способом государственного воздействия на крупнейшие компании способом обеспечения прогнозируемой социальной политики