Artvin, Rize ve Trabzon illeri akarsularının ağır metal kirliliğinin belirlenmesi

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stations selected from the provinces in the Eastern Black Sea region (Artvin, Rize, Trabzon), Turkey in terms of some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals. A total of 27 stations were selected from these rivers and their tributaries feeding the Black Sea, and sampling was carried out in 2019-2020 depending on the land conditions. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids parameters were measured with a HQ 40 D brand water measuring device. For heavy metal analysis, services were purchased from the Sinop University Central Research Laboratory (SUBİTAM). As a result of the analyses made, it was determined that all stations had a very high concentration in terms of Al and some stations in terms of Cd. Furthermore, it was observed that almost all of the stations showed high quality water characteristics in terms of Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cu. It has been determined that physicochemical parameters varied depending on factors such as seasonal temperatures, land structure, slope, precipitation rate, and parameters, except pH showed 1st class water characteristics according to the limits determined in the legislation. This study suggests that the pollution in this region is not at a high level and that it has suitable water conditions for life in terms of the parameters examined.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde bulunan illerden (Artvin, Rize, Trabzon) seçilen istasyonların bazı fizikokimyasal parametreler ve ağır metaller bakımından değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktır. Karadeniz’i besleyen bu akarsular ve kollarından toplamda 27 istasyon seçilmiş ve 2019-2020 yıllarında arazi şartlarına bağlı olarak örnekleme yapılmıştır. Sıcaklık, çözünmüş oksijen, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, toplam çözünmüş katı madde parametreleri HQ 40 D marka su ölçüm cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. Ağır metal analizleri için SUBİTAM’dan hizmet alımı yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucu, Al bakımından tüm istasyonların, Cd bakımından ise bazı istasyonların oldukça yüksek konsantrasyona sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cu bakımından istasyonların hemen hemen hepsinin yüksek kaliteli su özelliği gösterdiği görülmüştür. Fizikokimyasal parametrelerin mevsim sıcaklıkları, arazi yapısı, eğim, yağış oranı gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak değiştiği, pH dışındaki ölçümlerin mevzuatta belirlenen sınırlara göre 1. Sınıf su özelliği gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları bu bölgede kirliliğin yüksek seviyede olmadığını, incelenen parametreler açısından canlı yaşamı için uygun su özelliğine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir

Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz kıyılarından 14 balık türü ıçin boy-ağırlık ilişkisi

In this study, the length-weight relationship (LWR) of 14 fish species including Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758),Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758), Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758, Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758, Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758), Arnoglossus kessleri Schmidt, 1915, Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758, Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Sygnathus thyphle Linnaeus, 1758, Aphia minuta (Risso, 1810), Trachinus draco Linnaeus, 1758, Parablennius tentacularis (Brünnich, 1768), Callionymus risso Lesueur 1814, Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) caught from the western Black Sea coasts of Turkey was investigated. Sampling was carried out between 2017-2018 with a beam troll net with a span of 2 m. The sampling depth was between 10 m and 30 m. The minimum and maximum lengths and weights, length-weight relationships, a and b parameters and growth type (isometric or allometric) of the samples were determined. The b parameter of the length-weight relationship was determined between 2.58 and 3.586. A total of 3615 individuals belonging to 14 species were examined in the study. The most caugth species were M. barbatus (1118 individuals) and G. niger (1077 individuals). The coefficient of determination r2 value ranged from 0.79 (T. trachurus) to 0.99 (S. hepatus). It was determined that three species showed isometric growth, 4 species showed negative allometric growth and 7 species showed positive allometric growth.Bu çalışmada Batı Karadeniz kıyılarından yakalanan 14 balık türünün Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758), Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758), Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758, Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758, Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758), Arnoglossus kessleri Schmidt, 1915, Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758, Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Sygnathus thyphle Linnaeus, 1758, Aphia minuta (Risso, 1810), Trachinus draco Linnaeus, 1758, Parablennius tentacularis (Brünnich, 1768), Callionymus risso Lesueur 1814, Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) boy-ağırlık ilişkisi belirlenmiştir. Örnekleme 2017-2018 yılları arasında 2 m açıklığa sahip beam troll ağıyla yapılmıştır. Örnekleme derinliği 10 m ile 30 m arasındadır. Örneklerin minimum ve maksimum boy ve ağırlıkları, boy-ağırlık ilişkileri, a ve b parametreleri ve büyüme tipi (izometrik veya allometrik) belirlenmiştir. Boy-ağırlık ilişkisinin b parametresi 2.58 ile 3.586 arasındadır. Çalışmada 14 türe ait toplam 3615 birey incelenmiştir. En çok yakalanan türler M. barbatus (1118 birey) ve G. niger (1077 birey) olmuştur. Belirleme katsayısı r2 değeri 0.79 (T. trachurus) ile 0.99 (S. hepatus) arasında değişmektedir. Üç türün izometrik, 4 türün negatif allometrik ve 7 türün pozitif allometrik büyüme gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir

Çoruh Nehir Havzası (Türkiye) su kalitesi’nin bazı biyotik indeksler kullanılarak belirlenmesi

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Coruh Basin using BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party) index, ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon) index, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, EPT (Ephemeroptera Plecoptera Trichoptera taxa), EP (Ephemeroptera Plecoptera taxa) index scores and benthic macroinvertebrates. The benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from 54 stations at the Coruh basin between 2014-2016 years. Standard hand net (D-frame net) and Ekman-Birge grab were used as sampling tools. As a result of the diagnoses, a total of 7246 individuals belonging to Insecta, Crustacea, Mollusca, Oligochaeta and Plathyhelminthes were obtained. It was determined that the most dominant group was Insecta and the rarest group was Plathyhelminthes. It was observed that the BMWP score ranged between 5 and 94, and the lowest and highest number of families detected in the stations were 1 and 18, respectively. It was determined that the Shannon Wiener diversity index value was between 0.54-2.20, therefore the basin streams generally showed moderate pollution. The results of BMWP index show that the basin streams had mostly show 3rd and 4th class water quality and also biodiversity decreases with the deterioration of the riverbed or exposure to pollution

A new freshwater amphipod (Arthropoda, Malacostraca, Amphipoda, Gammaridae), Echinogammarus ozbeki sp. nov. from the Tomara Waterfall, Turkey

A new species of freshwater amphipod, Echinogammarus ozbeki sp. nov., collected from Tomara Waterfall, Gümüşhane province, northeastern Anatolia, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to the genus Echinogammarus and exhibits characteristic uropod 3 features of that genus. Some of the distinctive features of the Echinogammarus ozbeki sp. nov. species are a small body length, urosome segments without dorsal elevations, distal end of the peduncle segments of antenna 1 with setae longer than the diameter of the segment, presence of strong spines accompanying setae on both inner and outer margin of exopod, and uropod 3 parviramous

Gammarus sezgini sp. nov. (Arthropoda, Amphipoda, Gammaridae), a new amphipod species from the Eastern Black Sea region of Türkiye

A new amphipod species belonging to the genus Gammarus was identified in the rivers of the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye: G. sezgini sp. nov. The authors described the new species using a taxonomic approach that combines morphological and molecular data. The newly identified species belongs to the G. komareki species complex because of the setation of antenna 2, pereopods 3 and 4, and the uropod 3. Some of its characteristic features are as follows: A medium-large species (holotype male, 9.8 mm). The body is yellowish; no dorsal keel or hump; eyes well developed, kidney-shaped; extremities not elongated; the second antenna bears numerous groups of long setae on the peduncle and flagellar segments; antennal gland cone long, not curved; the posterior margin of pereopod 3 is densely setose; the setae on the posterior edge of pereopod 4 are shorter and fewer in number; the anterior margins of pereopods 5 to 7 bear spines in the male; epimeral plates are not pointed. The newly identified species looks similar to G. komareki but differs from it by having a longer antennal gland cone, having fewer D-setae (33) in the third segment of the mandible palp, having shorter setae on the ventral part of the peduncular segment of the antenna 2, and having longer antenna 1, having fewer setae along the posterior margins of pereopods 3 and 4, and the absence of setae along the anterior margins of merus and carpus of pereopod 7. The new species is distinct from its relatives by high genetic distance (COI: 17.10% and 28S: 0.88%) and was resolved from them as an independent lineage with high support (ML: 78%, NJ: 70%, and BI: 1.0) in all phylogenetic results, based on the concatenated dataset (28S+COI). Additionally, species delimitation analyses (ASAP and PTP) based on the COI gene supported the conclusion that the new species constitutes an independent lineage. Detailed descriptions and drawings of the male holotype and the female allotype are given, and the morphology of the newly identified species is compared with that of its relatives

A new freshwater amphipod (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) from the Fakıllı Cave, Düzce Türkiye: Gammarus kunti sp. nov.

Aquatic species (such as fish, amphipods, isopods, hirudineans etc.) adapted to environmental conditions can live in caves connected to groundwater. The species of Niphargus and Gammarus are the most commonly encountered amphipods in caves. Türkiye is very rich in terms of karst areas and is home to more than 2000 known caves. Fakıllı Cave, located in Düzce Province in the Western Anatolian Region, has a length of 1071 m. A new amphipod species belonging to the Gammarus genus has been identified from the cave and named as Gammarus kunti sp. nov. Some of the characteristic features of the newly-identified species can be listed as “Medium-large size; smooth body, well-developed and reniform eyes; non-prolonged extremities; antennal gland cone is straight and long; second antenna with setose peduncular and flagellar segments; medial palmar spine present; posterior margin of pereopod 3 densely setose; anterior margins of pereopods 6 and 7 armed with spines only; epimeral plates not pointed”. Although the mentioned features are generally seen in epigean species, the members of this species were sampled from the dark zone of the Fakıllı Cave. The partial sequences of the COI (573 bp) and 28S (914 bp) genes of the newly-described species, Gammarus kunti sp. nov., were generated. The pairwise genetic distances between the new species, Gammarus kunti sp. nov. and other species ranged from a minimum of 16.23% (G. tumaf) to a maximum of 28.27% (G. roeselii) for the COI gene and a minimum of 0.88% (G. tumaf) to a maximum of 6.81% (G. balcanicus) for the 28S gene. Phylogenies generated by the NJ and ML methods, based on the combined data, assigned the new species as an independent lineage with high support values. In addition, the ASAP method identified the new species as a single MOTU independent of other species. G. tumaf and G. baysali are the sister taxa of G. kunti sp. nov. Detailed descriptions and drawings of the extremities of the male holotype and the female allotype are given and the morphology of the newly-identified species is compared with its relatives

Taxonomic and bioecological investigation of the Malacostraca (Crustacea)) of Coruh basin

Bu çalışmada daha önce çalışılmamış olan Çoruh Nehri Havzası'nın Malacostraca faunasının belirlenmesi, tespit edilen türlerin bazı su parametreleriyle olan ilişkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma 20.09.2014- 20.08.2015 tarihleri arasında düzenlenen toplam 3 arazi çalışmasında 3 gölet, 4 çeşme yalağı ve 66 dere ve çay'dan oluşan toplam 73 istasyon örneklenmiş ve 41 istasyonda Malacostraca bireylerine rastlanmıştır. Örnekleme yapılan istasyonlara ait sıcaklık, çözünmüş oksijen, pH, toplam çözünmüş katı madde (TDS), Nitrit (NO2-N), Amonyum (NH4-N), Fosfat (PO4-P), BOİ5 ve Klorofil-a analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda; Çoruh Havzası'nda toplam 9245 birey sayılmış, Amphipoda ordosuna ait 7 (Gammarus birsteini, Gammarus fossarum, Gammarus kischineffensis, Gammarus balcanicus, Gammarus pageti, Gammarus sp., Niphargus sp.), Isopoda ordosuna ait 1(Asellus aquaticus) ve Decapoda ordosuna ait 1 (Potamon ibericum) tür tespit edilmiştir. Asellus aquaticus ve Potamon ibericum'un havzada ilk kez kaydedildiği, Gammarus sp. ve Niphargus sp. türlerinin ise muhtemel yeni türler olduğu görülmüştür. Türlerin çevresel parametreler ile olan ilişkileri değerlendirilmiş örneklendiği istasyon sayısı sınırlı olmakla birlikte Gammarus sp., Niphargus sp. ve G.pageti türlerinin daha temiz suları tercih ettiği, literatürde çevresel parametrelere daha dayanıklı olduğu belirtilen G. balcanicus'un Çoruh Havzası'nda nispeten temiz sularda bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. G. birsteini, G. fossarum ve G. kischineffensis ve P.ibericum türlerinin bazı parametrelere dayanıklı olmakla birlikte A.aqauaticus'un en toleranslı tür olduğu belirlenmiştir. In this study, it was aimed to determine the Malacostraca fauna of the Coruh River Basin, which has not been studied previously, and to evaluate the relations of the species determined with some water parameters. In the study, a total of 73 stations consisting of 3 ponds, 4 fountains, 66 creeks and tea were sampled in a total of 3 field works between September 20, 2014 and August 20, 2015, and Malacostraca individuals were encountered in 41 stations. Analyzes of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Nitrite (NO2-N), Ammonium (NH4-N), Phosphate (PO4-P), BOD5 and Chlorophyll a were performed for the sampling stations.As a result of the study; totally 9 species was identified that 7 (Gammarus birsteini, Gammarus fossarum, Gammarus kischineffensis, Gammarus balcanicus, Gammarus pageti, Gammarus sp., Niphargus sp.) belong to the Amphipoda order, 1 (Asellus aquaticus) to Isopoda order and 1 (Potamon ibericum) to Decapoda order. Asellus aquaticus and Potamon ibericum were the first record for the basin, Gammarus sp. and Niphargus sp. are likely new species. The relationship of species with environmental parameters was evaluated and although the number of sampled stations was limited, Gammarus sp., Niphargus sp. and G. pageti species prefer cleaner waters. G. balcanicus, which is stated to be more resistant to environmental parameters in the literature, has been found to be relatively clean in the Coruh Basin. It has been determined that G. birsteini, G. fossarum, G. kischineffensis and P.ibericum species are resistant to certain parameters and A. aqauaticus is the most tolerant species

The Usage of Marine Organisms in Medicine and Pharmaceutics Fields

Bu derlemede, deniz canlılarının ve bu canlılardan elde edilen maddelerin, gerek besin gerekse medikal alanlarda kullanımları üzerinde durulmuştur. Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalar, deniz canlılarının bulundurduğu kalsiyum, iyot, vitaminler, protein, antioksidan maddeler ve bazı biyoaktif bileşiklerin kalp hastalıkları, kanser, diyabet, kolesterol, depresyon gibi çağımızın hastalıklarını önlemelerinin yanı sıra tedavi amaçlı da kullanıldıklarını göstermiştir. Özellikle bazı deniz omurgasızlarından elde edilen antibakteriyel, antiviral ve antitümör bileşikler, Avrupa'da ve dünyada birçok bilim adamının ve biyoteknoloji çevrelerinin ilgisini çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bu konuda yapılan makaleler derlenerek bir bütün halinde yazılmaya çalışılmıştır.In this review, we put emphasis on both food and medical scope usage of sea creatures and matters acquired from these creatures. The researches carried out up untill now have indicated that calcium, iodine, vitamins, proteins, antioxidant matters, which sea creatures include, and some bioactive compounds are also used for treatment purpose as well as preventing our era disease such as heart diseases, cancer, diabetes, cholesterol, and depression. Especially, antibacterial antiviral and antitumor compounds obtained from some sea creatures arouse interests of most scientists and biotecnology area in Europa and in the world. In this study, articles recorded on this subject have been written wholly by compiling

Seasonal Changes of Malacostraca (Crustacea) Fauna of the Upper Coruh River Basin (Bayburt Province, Turkey) and its Ecological Characteristics

A three samplings were carried out between September 2014 and August 2015, at twelve stations to determine the seasonal changes of species, relations with water quality parameters, and the Malacostraca fauna of the Upper Coruh River Basin. A hand net was used to collect the biological samples. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids were measured using a portable water meter. Nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and biochemical oxygen levels were also measured. Seven taxa were identified (five of them belong to Amphipoda, one to Isopoda, and one to Decapoda). Gammarus birsteini was the continuous, while G. kischineffensis and Asellus aquaticus are common. G. fossarum, G. balcanicus, Gammarus sp. and Potamon ibericum were rarely found. AF (Aydıncık Foundation) and DF (Değirmencik Foundation) stations had first class water quality while other stations had second and third quality according to the Quality Criteria According to Classes of Inland Water Resources

A new freshwater amphipod (Amphipoda, Gammaridae), Gammarus tumaf sp. nov. from the Gökgöl Cave, Türkiye

A new amphipod species belonging to the genus Gammarus is described from the Gökgöl Cave, Zonguldak Province, Türkiye. The newly-identified species is relatively small (13 mm) and is a member of the Gammarus pulex-group by the presence of numerous long setae along the posterior margins of pereopods 3 and 4. The specimens were sampled from a shallow pond located in the dark zone (about 1 km inside the entrance) of the cave. Minute eyes, setose (both peduncle and flagellar segments) second antenna, slightly swollen flagellar segments of the second antenna, setose pereopods 3 and 4 and relatively short endopod/exopod ratio of the third uropod are the character combination of the newly-identified species in addition to lacking body pigmentation. The molecular phylogeny, based on the concatenated dataset (28S+COI, 1495 bp) indicated that the new species was resolved from the other Gammarus species by high bootstrap (NJ: 100, ML: 100). In addition to Gammarus tumaf sp. nov., mtDNA COI and nuclear DNA 28S gene data of Gammarus baysali Özbek et al., 2013 were recorded for the first time. The newly-identified species was well-differentiated from the genetically closest species, G. baysali, with genetic distance of 12.22% and 0.55% for the COI and 28S genes, respectively. Detailed descriptions and drawings of the extremities of the holotype male were given and the morphology of the newly-identified species is compared with its relatives