Perception of Risk Factors and Determination of Risk Management Strategies According to Agricultural Enterprise Typologies

In this study, it was aimed to determine the risk management strategies and the level of risk perception of the entrepreneurs in agricultural enterprises classified according to production activities. Risk behaviours of entrepreneurs were examined according to the enterprise typologies, and the reference game was used for this purpose. The success of the economic activities of the enterprises was determined by an analysis of the annual operating results. The risk perception was investigated according to the enterprise typology. As a result, it was determined to be perceived as risk factors: drought, fluctuation of input and product prices in the livestock enterprises; drought, precipitation, pests, frost and hail in the mixed plant enterprises; drought, precipitation, frost and hail in the mixed plant and livestock enterprises; pest, diseases, hail, drought and precipitation in the specialized perennial enterprises; storm, capital shortage, loans, price fluctuation, yield fluctuation and fire in the specialized horticulture enterprises; drought, frost, hail, insufficient and unpredictable precipitation in the crop enterprises. The general information on agricultural issues, the implementation of new farming techniques, the diversity in production, the planned debt, the contract production, agricultural protection and the market follow were found out as management strategies for these risk factors

Üriner Sistem Anomalilerinin PrenatalTanısı ve Postnatal Takibi - I. 1. Baskı. Ankara:Türkiye Klinikleri 2019.

Böbrek ve idrar yollarının konjenital anomalileri, çocuklarda önemli düzeyde morbidite oluşturmaktadır. Bu derlemede, üreteropelvik bileşke obstrüksiyonu, posterior üretral kapak, megasistis, multikistik displastik böbrek, polikistik böbrek ve kloaka anomalilerini içeren konjenital üriner sistem anormalliklerinin manyetik rezonans görüntüleme bulgularını sunduk. Bu derlemenin amacı, konjenital üriner sistem anomalilerinin antenatal tanısında magnetik rezonans görüntülemenin rolünü geniş bir literatür taraması ile sunmaktır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme; fetüs; üriner kana

Sağlıklı Çocuklarda Mediastinal Lenf Ganglionları; Yaşa Göre Sıklık, Boyut Aralığı Ve Dağılım

nodes (LN) is crucial. We elaborated the mediastinal LNs based on location, size and age groups. Material and Method: Contrast enhanced chest computed tomography scans of 150 children who were referred to the radiology department after trauma, were evaluated retrospectively. All participants were divided into five age groups (0-24, 25-60, 61- 120, 121-180 and 181-216 months) which included thirty children each. We documented the shortest and longest axis diameters of the largest LNs and their location along with the age and gender of the children. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t test, Spearman’s correlation analysis assessment and descriptive statistics were expressed using SPSS 22. Results: Mean ages were 11.53±10.1, 39.4±11.1, 84±15.9, 154.9±17.6, 190±9.3 months in consecutive age groups and 96±69.17 months in general. The most frequent locations with detectable LNs were subcarinal (n:98, 64%), right lower paratracheal (n:88, 57%), right tracheobronchial (n:82, 56%), right upper paratracheal (n:75, 49%) and left tracheobronchial (n:61, %39) lymphatic stations. Mean short and long axis diameters were 3.97±1mm (interquartile range:3.4-5.2) and 7.48±1.98mm (interquartile range:6.3-9.1) among detected 648 LNs, respectively. Both short and long axis diameters of LNs in low cervical, prevascular, subcarinal, right-left paratracheal and right-left tracheobronchial locations were correlated with the age (p<0.05). Both short and long axis diameters of subcarinal LNs (4.78±1.05mm, 9.30±1.8mm) were significantly larger than right lower paratracheal (4.03±0.9mm, 7.94±1.6mm; p:0.001), right tracheobronchial (4.42±1.26mm, 8.59±2.1mm; p:0.04) and right upper paratracheal LNs (3.64±0.79mm, 7.1±1.49mm). Conclusion: Being aware of the size range for normal mediastinal LNs according to ages and locations would facilitate management and reduce unnecessary interventions and medications.Amaç: Klinik olarak anlamlı lenf nodları (LN) hakkında karar vermek çok önemlidir. Mediastinal LNları lokasyon, boyut ve yaş gruplarına göre değerlendirdik. Gereç ve Yöntem: Travma sonrası radyoloji bölümüne yönlendirilen 150 çocuğun kontrastlı göğüs bilgisayarlı tomografi taramaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Tüm katılımcılar her biri otuz çocuğu içeren beş yaş grubuna ayrıldı (0-24, 25-60, 61-120, 121-180 ve 181-216 ay). En büyük LNlarının kısa ve uzun eksendeki çapları konumları, yaş ve cinsiyetlerine göre değerlendirildi. SPSS 22 programı ile Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi, t testi, Spearman korelasyon analizi ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler çalışıldı. Bulgular: Ortalama yaş, gruplarda sırasıyla 11,53±10,1 ay, 39,4±11,1 ay, 84±15,9 ay, 154,9±17,6 ay, 190±9,3 ay ve toplamda 96±69,17 aydı. LN’larının en sık görüldüğü lokasyonlar subkarinal (n:98, %64), sağ alt paratrakeal (n:88, %57), sağ trakeobronşiyal (n:82, %56), sağ üst paratrakeal (n:75, %49) ve sol trakeobronşiyal (n:61, % 39) lenfatik istasyonlardı. Ortalama kısa ve uzun eksen çapları sırasıyla 647 LN arasında 3.97±1mm (çeyrekler arası aralık: 3,4-5,2) ve 7,48±1,98mm (çeyrekler arası aralık: 6,3-9,1) idi. Alt servikal, prevasküler, subkarinal, sağ-sol paratrakeal ve sağ-sol trakeobronşiyal lokasyonlarda LNlarının hem kısa hem de uzun eksen çapları yaşla korele idi (p<0,05). Subkarinal LN’larının kısa ve uzun eksen çapları (4,78±1,05 mm, 9,30±1,8mm) sağ alt paratrakeal (4,03±0,9mm, 7,94±1,6mm; p:0,001), sağ trakeobronşiyal (4,42±1,26mm, 8,59±2,1mm; p:0,04) ve sağ üst paratrakeal LN’lerden (3,64±0,79mm, 7.1±1,49mm) anlamlı derecede büyüktü

Evaluation of Periarticular Soft Tissues in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis by Superb Microvascular Imaging and Shear Wave Elastography

Objectives: This study aims to compare the vascularity and elasticity of periarticular soft tissues by superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound along with shear wave elastography (SWE) between children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and healthy children

Quantitative analysis of thyroid gland blood supply in children and adolescents

Aim This study aims to determine the reference vascularization index (VI) values for the thyroid gland in healthy children and adolescents using Super microvascular imaging (SMI). It was also investigated the correlation between thyroid vascularity and thyroid lobe volumes, age, sex, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). Material and Methods One hundred and twenty-four children and adolescents without a thyroid gland, systemic disease, and medical history affecting the thyroid gland were included in the study. Participants with abnormal thyroid function tests were excluded from the study. Age, gender, height, and weight were recorded before ultrasonography and SMI examinations. After the grayscale ultrasonography, VI values for each participant were obtained using SMI. The association between the VI and thyroid lobe volumes, age, sex, weight, height, and BMI values were analyzed. Results Median values of the age, height, weight, and BMI of 124 participants were 10 (6-12) years, 1.3 (1.2-1.52) m, 30.5 (21-47) kg, 17.55 (15.37-21.14) kg/m2, respectively. Median (IQR) values of the left and right thyroid lobe volumes were 1.4 (0.9-2.07) mL and 1.9 (1.2-3.07) mL, respectively, and the mean VI value was 5.31±1.84%. There was no significant association of VI values with the thyroid lobe volume. Also, there was no relation between the mean VI values and the auxological parameters. Conclusion This study defines the VI values of thyroid glands in healthy adolescents and children. It also demonstrated no correlation between VI values of the thyroid gland and thyroid lobe volume, sex, age, weight, height, and BMI