Temporary Star or Emerging Tiger? Turkey's Recent Economic Performance in a Global Setting

This article assesses the recent performance of the Turkish economy, questioning whether the currently observed unusual boom conditions will lead to a process of sustainable growth. The latest phase of Turkish neo-liberal transformation in the post-2001 era is placed in a broader historical and global context; at the same time, the performance of the economy in recent years is compared with that of other key emerging markets, based on selected macroeconomic indicators. Utilizing the East Asian experience as the principal benchmark for comparison, this paper examines whether Turkey is on its way to accomplishing tiger-like development performance. Given the current challenges to sustainable growth, we conclude that it is premature to suggest that the impressive performance of the recent years will lead to durable success and tiger-like performance. While the focus is on the Turkish experience, the paper also probes the very nature of tiger-like performance itself, highlighting the fact that in setting standards for exceptional economic performance we need to extend our horizons beyond high rates of economic growth sustained over time, to broader indicators of social, political and human development.Turkey, hyper-growth, East Asian tigers, emerging markets, human development, democratization.

Reverse Connection of MTJ Device in STT-RAM Cell

STT-RAM technology is an emerging memory technology which is a future replacement for conventional memory technologies. STT-RAM promises fast read-write-access speeds, low power consumption, high density, non-volatility and very long life time. As with any emerging technology, however, STT-RAM has its own set of characteristic disadvantages which must first be overcome before it can be considered a viable replacement for existing solutions, an example of such being its asymmetric behavior during write operations. Currently, reverse connection of the MTJ device in STT-RAM cells is being proposed as a novel solution for compensating for this asymmetric write operation. In this work, two different MTJ devices are examined to determine which one is better suited for use with conventional connection method and which is more convenient to use with the proposed reverse connection method. Thereafter, the results of the study are applied to determine what properties of an MTJ device most heavily influence whether it is best utilized with a reverse connection versus a conventional connection

SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF 3 DAYS INTENSIVE WHOLE BODY VIBRATION EXPOSURE ON MUSCULAR ACTIVATION STRATEGIES

The aim of this study was to investigate 3-days intensive whole body vibration (WBV) exposure on activation strategies of lower extremity muscles. For this purpose, six male athletes’ dominant leg muscles (Tibialis Anterior(TA), Gastrocnemious Medialis(GM), Vastus Medialis(VM), Rectus Femoris(RF), Vastus Lateralis(VL) and Biceps Femoris(BF)) were recruited voluntarily. Before the trails their baseline electromyography (EMG) values were taken for reference evaluation. After that, they were trained static semi-squat position with 120o knee flexion angle on vibration platform (vertical vibration; 4 mm(high), 30 Hz), during 3 days. The subjects were exposed to vibration 6 times for duration of 60 seconds with a 2 minutes rest between each treatment. Consequently, 3 days intensive WBV exposure caused a progressive increase in EMG activity (

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ISOKINETIC STRENGTH, VERTICAL JUMP, SPRINT SPEED, AGILITY AND YO-YO INTERMITTENT RECOVERY TEST PERFORMANCE IN SOCCER PLAYERS

The current study investigated the relationship between isokinetic knee strength, jump performance, agility, linear and repeated sprinting capacity and Yo-Yo IR1 test performance and the fatigue indices of some of these variables in semi-professional soccer players. Twenty semi-professional soccer players participated in this study, performing 6 tests: bilateral concentric isokinetic strength tests of the knee extensors and flexors (60◦.s-1 and 300◦.s-1), jump tests (countermovement, squat and repeated jumping), linear sprints (10 and 30 m), agility (Illinois test), Bangsbo repeated sprints (7 x 34.2 m), and Yo-Yo IR1 tests. While no isokinetic variables were significantly correlated with field test results, some jump test results correlated with AgiWB, 10- and 30-m sprint times, RSTMEAN and FIRS. Furthermore, the knee isokinetic strength (60◦.s-1 and 300◦.s-1) indices and jump capacities demonstrated moderate to strong relationships with each other. In addition, AgiWB correlated with the 10-m sprint times and RSTMEAN, 30-m linear sprint times correlated with 10-m sprint times and AgiWB, and FIRS and RSTMEAN correlated with the Yo-Yo IR1 test results. The results suggest that power output during CMJ and RJ tests and not isokinetic knee strength are informative in determining field conditioning parameters for semi-professional soccer players.  Article visualizations

Investigation of the interaction between milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and some parameters in determining the level of nutrition in dairy cows

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the amount of Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) and nutritional level in dairy cows. The research material was milk samples which were collected from 100 different commercial dairy farms. Three groups were assigned according to the milk analysis in the experiment. Group A, those having normal MUN values between 12-16 mg / dl in milk samples, group B, those having less MUN value and group C, those having high MUN value. Apart from this acetone, Beta hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), total solid matter, fat, fat-free dry matter, crude protein (CP),true protein (TP), lactose, saturated fatty acids (SFA), total unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA), Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and aflatoxin M1 values measured in milk and these were compared with low, normal and high MUN levels. In the study the MUN values of the groups were 14.46, 10.05 and 20.15 mg / dl respectively. At the end of the study, although the differences between the groups' acetone values were statistically significant (P <0.05), the values of all three groups were among the normal acetone values determined for dairy cows. Moreover, there were differences in milk regarding BHBA, fat, CP,TP, SFA, MUFA and AFM1 values (P<0.01) between the groups. As a concluded that some further detailed studies are required to get to know a deeper understanding of MUN levels in milk cows between acetone, BHBA and other parameters and metabolic diseases.Bu araştırma, süt ineklerinde süt üre azotu miktarı ile beslenme düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın materyalini 100 farklı süt ineği işletmesinden toplanan süt numuneleri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada sütte yapılan analizlere göre 3 grup oluşturulmuştur. Alınan süt numunelerinde MUN değerleri 12-16 mg/dl arasında olanlar normal (grup A) bu değerin altında olanlar düşük (grup B) üzerinde olanlar ise yüksek (grup C) olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ayrıca sütte ölçülen aseton ve beta hidroksi bütirik asit (BHBA) değerlerinin yanı sıra toplam katı madde, yağ, yağsız kuru madde, ham protein, gerçek protein, laktoz, doymuş yağ asidi, toplam doymamış yağ asitleri (TUS), çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (PUFA), tekli doymamış yağ asitleri (MUFA) ve aflatoksin M1 seviyelerine göre düşük, normal ve yüksek üre azotu değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada, grupların MUN değerleri sırasıyla: 14.46, 10.05 ve 20.15 mg/dl’dir. Araştırma sonunda grupların aseton değerleri arasındaki farklılıklar istatistik olarak anlamlı olmasına (P<0.05) rağmen her üç grubun değerleri de süt inekleri için belirlenen normal aseton değerleri arasındadır. Benzer şekilde sütte BHBA, yağ, ham protein, gerçek protein, doymuş yağ asitleri, MUFA ve AFM1 değerleri açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmaktadır (P<0.01). Sonuç olarak süt ineklerinde MUN değeri, aseton, BHBA ve diğer parametreler ile metabolik hastalıklar arasındaki ilişkileri anlamak için daha ayrıntılı çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi,Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu, (AKÜ- BAPK-Proje No: 14.SAĞBİL.17

The use of L-Carnitine and Oregano as feed additives in alternative forced molting programmes in laying hens

Bu araştırma, yem çekmeli zorlamalı tüy dökümü programına alternatif olabileceği düşünülen yonca unu esaslı ve düşük Na-Ca ihtiva eden zorlanım yemi kullanılarak yapılan zorlamalı tüy dökümü programlarının ve zorlanım periyodunda yem katkı maddesi olarak toz formda L-karnitin ve kekik bitkisinin, zorlanım dönemi parametreleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme, zorlanım uygulanmayan ve yem katkı maddeleri kullanılmayan bir negatif kontrol grubu (K); biri yem çekmeli olmak üzere 3 adet zorlamalı tüy dökümü metodu uygulanan deneme grupları (M: Mermer tozu, A: Yonca, F: Düşük sodyum-kalsiyumlu yem), zorlanım uygulanan gruplara yem ilavesi olarak L-karnitin (C) (100 ppm) ve kurutulmuş kekik (O) (%5) tozunun belirlenen oranlarda ayrı ayrı (MC, AC, FC, MO, AO, FO) ve birlikte kullanıldığı (50 ppm; %2,5) gruplar (MCO, ACO, FCO,) olmak üzere, her grupta 6 tekerrür ve tekerrür gruplarında 15 adet hayvan olacak şekilde 13 grupta toplam 1170 tavuk üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Deneme ilk 14 gün alıştırma, 22 gün zorlanım dönemi olacak şekilde toplam 36 gün boyunca sürdürülmüştür. Araştırmada, yonca unu ile yapılan kalitatif yem kısıtlaması ile canlı ağırlık kaybının %30’u geçtiği ve 11 gün açlığın sağladığı canlı ağırlık kaybından daha fazla canlı ağırlık kaybına neden olduğu tesbit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yonca ununun, yem çekme metoduna alternatif olabileceği, bilhassa yonca ununa L-karnitin ve kekik bitkisinin bir arada katılmasının performans üzerine olumlu etkiler gösterdiği kanısına varılmıştır.This research was carried out in order to determine the effects of forced molting programs induced by feeding the hens an alfalfa based and low Na-Ca induction feed as an alternative to forced molting program with feed withdrawal and the effect of L-carnitine and Oregano plant in powder form as feed additives on the induction period parameters. A total of 1170 birds were divided into 13 groups. The trial was continued for a total of 36 days, with the first 14 days of adaptation and 22 days of force molting. A negative control group (K) which was neither forced molted nor provided with any feed additive substances in their diets Moreover, other three treatment groups (M: Marbel powder, Y: Alfalfa, F: Low Ca-Na diet), were forced molted and one withhold feeding group was used for the study; the forced molted groups were supplied L-carnitine (C) (100 ppm) and dried oregano leaves (O) (5%) as a feed additive in designed individual diets (MC, AC, FC, MO, AO, FO ) alone and in combination (50 ppm; 2.5%) in groups (MCO, ACO, FCO). In the light of this data it could be said that the live weight loss achieved with qualitative alfalfa meal feed restriction exceeds 30% and exceeds the live weight loss ensured by an 11 day feed withdrawal. Based on these parameters it is concluded that supplementing feed additives into alfalfa meal could be an alternative to the feed withdrawal method and alfalfa meal with a combination of L-carnitine and oregano plant has a positive impact on performance

Radiological evaluation of patellofemoral instability and possible causes of assessment errors

Patellofemoral instability (PI) is the disruption of the patella's relationship with the trochlear groove as a result of abnormal movement of the patella. To identify the presence of PI, conventional radiographs (anteroposterior, lateral, and axial or skyline views), magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography are used. In this study, we examined four main instability factors: Trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance, and patellar tilt. We also briefly review some of the other assessment methods used in the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the patellofemoral joint, such as patellar size and shape, lateral trochlear inclination, trochlear depth, trochlear angle, and sulcus angle, in cases of PI. In addition, we reviewed the evaluation of coronal alignment, femoral anteversion, and tibial torsion. Possible causes of error that can be made when evaluating these factors are examined. PI is a multi-factorial problem. Many problems affecting bone structure and muscles morphologically and functionally can cause this condition. It is necessary to understand normal anatomy and biomechanics to make more accurate radiological measurements and to identify causes. Knowing the possible causes of measurement errors that may occur during radiological measurements and avoiding these pitfalls can provide a more reliable road map for treatment. This determines whether the disease will be treated medically and with rehabilitation or surgery without causing further complications

Effects of dietary chromium on immune system

Krom (Cr) beslemesi üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. İlk dönemlerde araştırmacılar tarafından esansiyel bir besin maddesi/mineral olarak kabul edilmiş ve karbonhidrat metabolizması ile yakın ilişkisi detaylı biçimde ortaya konmuştur. Erken dönemde Cr mineralinin bağışıklık sistemi üzerine bazı etkileri olduğu in vitro çalışmalar ile keşfedilmiştir. Son yıllarda ise bu etkilerinin çiftlik bazındaki yansımaları ortaya konmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Cr beslemesinin bağışıklık sistemi ve yanıtına etkileri incelenmiştir.Many studies were conducted on chromium (Cr) nutrition. Since earlier, Cr was accepted as an essential nutrient/mineral. Also, close relationship between dietary Cr and carbohydrate metabolism was revealed in detail. Although some effects of dietary Cr on immune response were revealed by earlier in vitro studies, interests on farm-based effects have been recently focused. In this review, the effects of dietary Cr on immune system have been emphasized

An Articulation of Specialized Content Knowledge of Mathematics Teachers in the Context of Measurement Concepts

No abstract available