COMMENTARY. effects of glass fiber layering on the flexural strength of microfill and hybrid composites

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73817/1/j.1708-8240.2009.00252.x.pd

Dental Materials

This course explores dental materials, including gold alloys, composites, amalgams, glass ionomers, ceramics, waxes, etc. for operative dentistry, fixed and removable prosthodontics.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64935/5/dental-materials.zi

COMMENTARY. hardness of three resin-modified glass-ionomer restorative materials as a function of depth and time

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73988/1/j.1708-8240.2009.00274.x.pd

Why are the next steps in biomaterials research so difficult?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72638/1/j.1365-2842.2006.01668.x.pd

The Academy of Dental Materials: Providing roots and wings.

ObjectivesThe long history of the Academy of Dental Materials (ADM) is documented with its strategies (a) to rapidly communicate science among its members, (b) to establish special awards to stimulate new science, and (c) to develop new dental materials scientists.MethodsWe searched the history of the last 35 years of the ADM newsletters, transactions, journals, and officer notes. We document the (a) presidents, (b) meeting history, (c) membership growth, and (d) development of special awards through 2019 with the recent creation of the ADM Marshall Post-Doctoral Award.ResultsThere are 36 years of recent ADM history, 42 international meetings, membership growth to 400 individuals from 15 countries, service of 19 presidents, Paffenbarger annual Awardees since 1989, induction of >200 fellows, and recognition of the first winner of Marshall Post-Doctoral Award in 2018. New directions for recruiting members are suggested. Three potential new thrusts for the organization are presented: artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and intensive member mentoring.SignificanceThese suggestions for the ADM provide a path for the ADM to continue to adapt to the ever changing scientific landscape

Restorative Dental Materials: Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

Restorative dental materials include the materials used to repair damaged teeth and/or replace missing teeth. The definition could be extended to include a much broader group of dental materials, but this paper concentrates only on those materials used to restore the crown portion of damaged teeth. Auxiliary materials, materials for removable denture prostheses, and root canal materials are excluded. Progress and recent research utilizing SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), and some related methods are presented for the following dental materials: dental amalgam, enamel and dentin bonding agents, dental composites, dental cements, casting alloys for crowns and bridges, and ceramic-metal and ceramic restorative materials. In addition to the basic characterization of these materials by SEM/EDS techniques, examples of replication methods for SEM study of restorative materials in situ are discussed. Some examples are also presented in the direct use of SEM/EDS for characterization of changes and degradation of restorative materials which occur during clinical use

Reprinting the classic article on USPHS evaluation methods for measuring the clinical research performance of restorative materials

The original article published by Cvar and Ryge in 1971 on the US Public Health Service (USPHS) Guidelines is virtually inaccessible to current scientists, despite its remarkable impact on clinical dental research. The original article described all the pilot studies that led to the choices for the final USPHS guidelines. However, many of the important basic ideas expressed in the original article, such as evaluator calibration, have been overlooked in recent years. Challenges for effective clinical testing of restorative procedures and materials that were emphasized by those authors are even more relevant today. Therefore, it is totally appropriate to republish the original article by Cvar and Ryge in this issue of Clinical Oral Investigations . This preface to the republication of the original article provides key background information and references to contributions by the many now-famous clinical investigators who were involved with pilot studies. In addition, the USPHS recommendations are critically reviewed. Clinical evaluation of restorative procedures requires (a) choices of clinically relevant criteria, (b) assessment using simple nominal scales, (c) calibration of evaluators, (d) two independent evaluations, and (e) nonparametric statistic analysis that recognizes the patient (and not the restoration) as the independent variable. Only portions of those procedures are being preserved in current clinical investigations. USPHS criteria continue in use until today as part of routine clinical evaluation and as components of standards programs such as the ADA acceptance program. However, in addition, USPHS-like criteria have been appended over the years to produce “modified USPHS guidelines.” These additional criteria include parameters such as postoperative sensitivity, fracture, interproximal contact, occlusal contact, and others. The combination of the original and modified USPHS criteria now have been accepted worldwide but are not necessarily uniformly applied. They constitute the foundation for current considerations of further development of clinical assessment methods for dental restorative procedures.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47873/1/784_2005_Article_17.pd

Framework for E‐Learning Assessment in Dental Education: A Global Model for the Future

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153544/1/jddj002203372013775tb05504x.pd

The origins of the trypanosome genome strains Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU 927, T. b. gambiense DAL 972, T. vivax Y486 and T. congolense IL3000

The genomes of several tsetse-transmitted African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. b. gambiense, T. vivax, T. congolense) have been sequenced and are available to search online. The trypanosome strains chosen for the genome sequencing projects were selected because they had been well characterised in the laboratory, but all were isolated several decades ago. The purpose of this short review is to provide some background information on the origins and biological characterisation of these strains as a source of reference for future users of the genome data. With high throughput sequencing of many more trypanosome genomes in prospect, it is important to understand the phylogenetic relationships of the genome strains