Confrontation and Generative Naming Abilities of Dementia Patients

TB

Predicting long-term developmental outcomes from maternal perceptions of infant and toddler behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term developmental correlates of maternal perceptions of infant and toddler behavior. Maternal ratings of children's social behavior and developmental progress were obtained when the children were 13 and 24 months of age, using the Maternal Perceptions Questionnaire. These early perceptions measures were intercorrelated with follow-up measures of children's developmental competence and behavioral adjustment at age 6. Maternal evaluations of child characteristics in the 2nd year predicted not only their own ratings of child behavioral adjustment but also teacher, examiner, and laboratory performance measures of cognitive competence and social adjustment. Although predictive correlations were generally modest, maternal perceptions scales showed meaningful patterns of relationships with later child characteristics, pointing to the desirability of further research on this topic.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28125/1/0000575.pd

Perseverative behaviour in fluent and non-fluent aphasic adults

Perseveration by type (recurrent, continuous, or stuck-in-set) was examined for 30 stroke patients, 20 of whom exhibited fluent aphasia, and 10 with non-fluent aphasia. Comparisons were made between the two aphasic subject groups on two verbal and two non-verbal tasks. Twenty-eight of the patients (93%) produced at least one instance of perseveration. The most commonly occurring type was recurrent perseveration. Instances of continuous perseveration also were common and were produced by 18 patients. Stuck-in-set perseveration was uncommon with only two patients exhibiting this form of perseveration. No differences were observed in the frequency of perseveration across the four tasks between fluent and non-fluent aphasic patients. Perseveration was significantly correlated with aphasia severity, but not with time post-onset

Verbal Learning with the Right Hemisphere

TB

Cellular Basis of Tissue Regeneration by Omentum

The omentum is a sheet-like tissue attached to the greater curvature of the stomach and contains secondary lymphoid organs called milky spots. The omentum has been used for its healing potential for over 100 years by transposing the omental pedicle to injured organs (omental transposition), but the mechanism by which omentum helps the healing process of damaged tissues is not well understood. Omental transposition promotes expansion of pancreatic islets, hepatocytes, embryonic kidney, and neurons. Omental cells (OCs) can be activated by foreign bodies in vivo. Once activated, they become a rich source for growth factors and express pluripotent stem cell markers. Moreover, OCs become engrafted in injured tissues suggesting that they might function as stem cells

Expanding the diversity of mycobacteriophages: insights into genome architecture and evolution.

Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All mycobacteriophages characterized to date are dsDNA tailed phages, and have either siphoviral or myoviral morphotypes. However, their genetic diversity is considerable, and although sixty-two genomes have been sequenced and comparatively analyzed, these likely represent only a small portion of the diversity of the mycobacteriophage population at large. Here we report the isolation, sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of 18 new mycobacteriophages isolated from geographically distinct locations within the United States. Although no clear correlation between location and genome type can be discerned, these genomes expand our knowledge of mycobacteriophage diversity and enhance our understanding of the roles of mobile elements in viral evolution. Expansion of the number of mycobacteriophages grouped within Cluster A provides insights into the basis of immune specificity in these temperate phages, and we also describe a novel example of apparent immunity theft. The isolation and genomic analysis of bacteriophages by freshman college students provides an example of an authentic research experience for novice scientists

Early antecedents of childhood impulsivity: The role of parent-child interaction, cognitive competence, and temperament

This prospective longitudinal investigation examined early mother-child interaction as a predictor of children's later self-control capabilities. Multimethod assessments of mother-child relationships, primarily focused on observed relationship qualities in the home, were conducted during the first 2 years and related to children's later impulse control capabilities. Child cognitive competence and temperament assessed during the 2nd year were also related to later impulsivity. Follow-up assessments of children's impulsivity were conducted at age 6 ( N= 79), using a variety of laboratory measures. Findings indicated that responsive, cognitively stimulating parenttoddler interactions in the 2nd year modestly predicted later measures of cognitive nonimpulsivity and ability to delay gratification. Security of mother-infant attachment predicted the same outcomes, but only for boys and not for girls. Child cognitive competence in the 2nd year also consistently predicted children's later impulse control capabilities, although this was not true for measures of child temperament. Overall, the findings support a multidimensional and developmental conceptualization of the early antecedents of childhood impulsivity .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44580/1/10802_2004_Article_BF00916568.pd