79 research outputs found

    Workshop for annual review of Building Resilient Agro-sylvopastoral Systems in West Africa through Participatory Action Research (BRAS-PAR) Project and planning “Partnerships for Scaling Climate-Smart Agriculture (P4S) Phase II

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    Building Resilient Agro-sylvo-pastoral Systems in West Africa through Participatory Action Research (BRAS-PAR) is a CCAFS Flagship 2 funded four year (2015-2018) project coordinated by the World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and implemented in collaboration with partners namely national agricultural research institutions (INERA in Burkina Faso, SARI in Ghana, INRAN in Niger and ISRA in Senegal) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN in Burkina Faso). BRAS-PAR sought to develop up-scalable technological and social innovations of climatesmart agriculture integrating tree-crop-livestock systems through improved understanding of farmer's perceptions and demands, by addressing barriers to adoption taking into consideration gender and social differentiation. The specific objectives include 1) testing, evaluating and validating with rural communities and other stakeholders, scalable climate-smart models of integrated tree-crop-livestock systems, the dominant farming systems in the region, that include climate-risk management strategies; 2) simulating options for improving water and tree-crop-livestock systems under different climate and socio-economic scenarios using models (WaNuLCAS, SWAT, etc.) for informed decision making; 3) assessing the conditions of success and failure of technological interventions on adaptation to climate change. The work here focus on research that evaluates climate-smart practices and technologies that are defined through participatory identification by multistakeholders in each site. Beyond these sites, the approach capitalizes lessons learnt from on-going climate resilient projects to encourage partners to add missing components to the climate-smart village model or initiate new activities when deemed appropriate. Started in 2015, BRAS-PAR targeted three main outcomes: (i) National agricultural research institutions institutionalize the principles of PAR through integration of non-traditional partners in technologies development to generate wider context specific information to be fed into programs and policies to create the enabling environment for the scaling of CSA technologies; (ii) National extension services, development projects and farmer’s organizations widely disseminate and ensure better access to information on best fit CSA portfolios to cope with climate change; and (iii) The private sector including NGOs (FNGN, Larwaal, ARCAD, Care international), microcredit institutions, agro-dealers, rural radios are scaling up/out relevant CSA portfolios through new incentive programs. This project has ended in December 2018 and the meeting review edthe main achievements. During the same first phase of CCAFS , the project “Partnerships for Scaling (P4S) Climate-Smart Agriculture (P56)” was implemented mainly in East Africa with a focus on supporting countries and partners to plan and program CSA actions. It developed new innovations (e.g., The Compendium and Climate Risk Profiles), refreshed and adapted others (e.g., Climate Wizard, mobile-based monitoring) and collaborated on tools (e.g., Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey, CSA MRV Profile) to develop a comprehensive set of evidence and information to serve diverse stakeholder needs for situation analysis, targeting and prioritizing, program support and monitoring and evaluation (aka ‘CSA-Plan’, Girvetz et al. 2018). Merging the actions of BRAS-PAR and P4S I to become P4S II was done with the intention to use tools and evidence/lessons learned from the Climate-Smart Villages and other development activities, with existing and new partners through direct scientific support to decision makers (e.g., governments, civil society, and researchers) and capacity building to help bring CSA to scale. The scientific activities will be combined with dedicated communication activities such as photo essays, tweets, blog posts, etc. from field staff and partners to raise the visibility of the project and help show case of its successes in supporting countries and position of ICRAF, CIAT, and CCAFS as the go to research organization for the science of scaling up CSA. The key activity areas of P4S II will be around: supporting CSA investment and programming, de-risking agriculture, digital delivery and monitoring and, communauty based scaling of CSA. The present meeting was thought to plan the new activities around these areas for 2019 and beyond

    Rapport de l’atelier de clîture Capacitating Stakeholders in Using Climate Information for Enhanced Resilience in the Agricultural Sector in West Africa (CaSCIERA-TA)

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    CaSCIERA-TA est un projet de « Renforcement des capacitĂ©s des parties prenantes Ă  l'utilisation de l'information climatique pour l’amĂ©lioration de la rĂ©silience dans le secteur agricole en Afrique de l'Ouest" de 2 ans financĂ© par le CORAF et les parties nationales du Programme de ProductivitĂ© Agricole en Afrique de l’Ouest (PPAAO) des pays bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires. Il vise Ă  amĂ©liorer la rĂ©silience du systĂšme agricole (cultures, Ă©levage et arbres), la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire et la nutrition face aux chocs climatiques saisonniers, depuis l’échelle champ jusqu’au niveau national. Il vise spĂ©cifiquement Ă  fournir des services d'information agrohydro-climatiques pertinents et prĂ©cis aux principales parties prenantes. Sept axes d’activitĂ©s (workpackages- WP) ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finis dans le projet dont le renforcement des capacitĂ©s des acteurs clĂ©s pour gĂ©nĂ©rer et utiliser les informations climatiques (WP1), la production des informations agro-hydro-climatiques (WP2), la diffusion des informations agro-hydroclimatiques (WP3); les essais participatifs au champ et la validation des outils et mĂ©thodes (WP4); la mise Ă  l’échelle des innovations rĂ©ussies (WP5); le suivi et l'Ă©valuation (WP6) et la gestion globale du projet (WP7). CoordonnĂ© par le World Agroforestry (ICRAF), le projet est mis en oeuvre au Benin, en GuinĂ©e, au Niger et au Togo par un consortium d’institutions nationales et internationales incluant le programme de recherche du CGIAR sur le Changement Climatique, l'Agriculture et la SĂ©curitĂ© Alimentaire (CCAFS), le Centre RĂ©gional de Formation et d’Information en Agro-mĂ©tĂ©orologie et Hydrologie OpĂ©rationnelle (AGHRYMET), l’Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du BĂ©nin (INRAB), l’Institut de Recherche Agronomique de GuinĂ©e (IRAG), l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN) et l'Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA). AprĂšs deux annĂ©es de mise en oeuvre des activitĂ©s dĂ©finies, l’atelier final du projet a eu lieu les 9-10 dĂ©cembre 2019 dans la salle de rĂ©union de l’ICRAF a Samanko au Mali

    Partnership for scaling up gender and nutrition-sensitive CSA II (P4S II) - 2020 Regional Annual Report

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    Agriculture is the main source of livelihood of the majority of the people living in the West Africa (Sissoko et al. 2011). At the same time, African societies face growing global change risks, with rapidly changing patterns of human settlements and intensity of use of ecosystem services. In addition, climate variability and change has emerged as a major threat on agriculture, food security and livelihood of millions of people in this continent (IPCC, 2014) and particularly in Africa. Climate change and variability trends are worsening the stress on the ecosystems that ensure environmental security, both locally (e.g., ecosystem services), regionally (e.g., sustainable development options) and internationally (e.g., carbon sequestration). Several studies indicated that agriculture production could be significantly impacted due to increased temperatures, changed rainfall patterns, and more frequent and intense floods and droughts. In West-Africa region, agro-sylvo-pastoral production systems are mostly climate-dependent, and climate-related risks can cause severe losses of crop, forest and livestock production, the main livelihood activities of more than 80% of the population. In light of these constraints, more sustainable production systems, ensuring provision of the needs of current generations without jeopardizing those of future ones, are called for. In response, a more holistic approach, known as Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA), is being developed, aiming at (i) sustainably improving productivity and income, (ii) adapting and building resilience to climate change and (iii) reducing and/or removing greenhouse gases emissions, where possible (FAO, 2010). There are many options to reduce the negative impacts of climate change on agricultural systems, make them resilient to climate change, and reduce emissions. Adopting Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) seems to be a suitable strategy to achieving food security while also mitigating and adapting to climate-related risks. In this perspectives, key elements include a comprehensive and gender-sensitive capacity development approach aligned with and driven by national priorities, applying knowledge management and effective learning approaches, facilitating multi-stakeholder processes, strengthening agricultural innovation systems and leveraging information and communication technologies (ICTs) and communication for development approaches FAO (2013). In line with the above, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) seeks to develop up-scalable options of CSA through improved understanding of mitigation and adaptation opportunities in agriculture among smallholders in West Africa. In 2015, ICRISAT and ICRAF signed a partnership agreement to implement the project “Building resilient agro-sylvo-pastoral systems in West Africa through participatory action research (BRAS-PAR). Merging the actions of BRAS-PAR and P4S I to become P4S II was done with the intention to use tools and evidence/lessons learned from the Climate-Smart Villages and other development activities, with existing and new partners through direct scientific support to decision makers (e.g., governments, civil society, and researchers) and capacity building to help bring CSA to scale. This project led by the World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and jointly implemented with the national research institutes in Burkina Faso, Senegal and Ghana, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) aims to develop up-scalable technological and social innovations of climate-smart agriculture integrating croplivestock-tree systems through improved understanding of farmer's perceptions and demands, by addressing barriers to adoption taking into consideration the gender and social differentiation. P4S also aims to providing CSA evidence and tools to key partners at the right time and in the right format to create a sea change in CSA implementation in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Senegal

    Assessing tree effect on total soil carbon in agroforestry parklands systems along a rainfall gradient in Burkina Faso (West Africa)

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    Trees contribution in improving soil carbon is well established, but few works addressed how this was affected by a climatic gradient. This research investigated effects of Vitellaria paradoxa C. F Gaertn and Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth on total soil carbon in parklands along a rainfall gradient for recommendations of tree species which better improve soil carbon under specific climatic conditions for parklands adaptation to climate change. Total soil carbon at topsoil and subsoil layers measured using spectrophotometry infrared method, was higher when rainfall increased and were respectively (1.598 ± 0.040; 1.033 ± 0.022; 0.834 ± 0.014; 0.857 ± 0.016%). It was higher at topsoil (0.529 ± 0.015%) and subsoil (0.282 ± 0.019%) under V. paradoxa when rainfall decreased while it was higher under P. biglobosa and V. paradoxa when rainfall increased slightly. Its improvement was higher under V. paradoxa and P. biglobosa when rainfall respectively decreased and increased. A decrease trend of total soil carbon under both tree species from trunk to outside the canopy whatever rainfall levels and soil layers was observed. Tree species choice could play an important role in improving total soil carbon and crop productivity according to rainfall level for parklands adaptation to climate change

    Rapport de l’atelier de revue des activitĂ©s menĂ©es en 2018 et de planification de 2019 Capacitating Stakeholders in Using Climate Information for Enhanced Resilience in the Agricultural Sector in West Africa (CaSCIERA-TA)

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    CaSCIERA-TA est un projet de « Renforcement des capacitĂ©s des parties prenantes Ă  l'utilisation de l'information climatique pour l’amĂ©lioration de la rĂ©silience dans le secteur agricole en Afrique de l'Ouest" de 2 ans financĂ© par le CORAF et les parties nationales du Programme de ProductivitĂ© Agricole en Afrique de l’Ouest (PPAAO) des pays bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires. Il vise Ă  amĂ©liorer la rĂ©silience du systĂšme agricole (cultures, Ă©levage et arbres), la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire et la nutrition face aux chocs climatiques saisonniers, depuis l’échelle champ jusqu’au niveau national. Il vise spĂ©cifiquement Ă  fournir des services d'information agro-hydro-climatiques pertinents et prĂ©cis aux principales parties prenantes. Sept axes d’activitĂ©s (workpackages- WP) ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finis dans le projet dont le renforcement des capacitĂ©s des acteurs clĂ©s pour gĂ©nĂ©rer et utiliser les informations climatiques (WP1), la production des informations agro-hydro-climatiques (WP2), la diffusion des informations agro-hydro-climatiques (WP3); les essais participatifs au champ et la validation des outils et mĂ©thodes (WP4); la mise Ă  l’échelle des innovations rĂ©ussies (WP5); le suivi et l'Ă©valuation (WP6) et la gestion globale du projet (WP7). CoordonnĂ© par le World Agroforestry (ICRAF), le projet est mis en oeuvre au Benin, en GuinĂ©e, au Niger et au Togo par un consortium d’institutions nationales et internationales incluant le programme de recherche du CGIAR sur le Changement Climatique, l'Agriculture et la SĂ©curitĂ© Alimentaire (CCAFS), le Centre RĂ©gional de Formation et d’Information en Agro mĂ©tĂ©orologie et Hydrologie OpĂ©rationnelle (AGHRYMET), l'AcadĂ©mie des Sciences de Californie (CAS), l’Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du BĂ©nin (INRAB), l’Institut de Recherche Agronomique de GuinĂ©e (IRAG), l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN) et l'Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA). AprĂšs une annĂ©e de mise en oeuvre des activitĂ©s dĂ©finies, les rapports produits ont Ă©tĂ© soumis au CORAF qui a financĂ© le projet. Ainsi, pour permettre aux partenaires du projet de discuter des activitĂ©s rĂ©alisĂ©es en 2018, les leçons apprises et et les activitĂ©s planifiĂ©es pour l’annĂ©e 2019, un atelier a Ă©tĂ© organisĂ© Ă  l’ICRAF, Bamako, au Mali du 4 au 5 mars 2019. Au total, 21 participants venant des services mĂ©tĂ©orologiques, des instituts nationaux de recherche et des reprĂ©sentations WAAPP du Benin, de la GuinĂ©e et du Niger, ainsi que des reprĂ©sentants du CORAF, du CCAFS, de l’AGRHYMET et de l’ICRAF ont pris part Ă  l’atelier. L’équipe du Togo Ă©tait absente Ă  cette premiĂšre rencontre de l’annĂ©e 2019

    Report of Annual review of “Partnerships for Scaling Climate Smart Agriculture Phase 2 (P4S II)’’

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    P4S II resulted from the merging the actions of BRAS-PAR and P4S I with the intention to use tools and evidence/lessons learned from the Climate-Smart Villages and other development activities, with existing and new partners through direct scientific support to decision makers (e.g., governments, civil society, and researchers) and capacity building to help bring CSA to scale. The scientific activities will be combined with dedicated communications activities such as photo essays, tweets, blog posts, etc. from field staff and partners to raise the visibility of the project and help show case of its successes in supporting countries and position of ICRAF, CIAT, and CCAFS as the go to research organization for the science of scaling up CSA. The key activity areas of P4S II will be around: supporting CSA investment and programming, De-risking agriculture, digital delivery and monitoring and community based scaling of CSA. The present meeting reviewed the achievements for year 2019 of P4S and planed the new activities around these areas for 2020

    Rapport de l’atelier de formation sur l’approche PICSA

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    La vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© des moyens de subsistance de la population locale reste de nature structurelle, et nĂ©cessite une solution politique, Ă©conomique voire socio-culturelle pour amĂ©liorer la rĂ©silience de leurs ressources naturelles de base face aux effets des changements climatiques et construire une conscientisation sur les meilleures pratiques, Ă  la fois parmi les dĂ©cideurs politiques, les collectivitĂ©s et les populations locales. Il est donc important d'intervenir avec des mesures d'adaptation rĂ©pondant aux besoins des producteurs pour promouvoir la rĂ©silience afin d’attĂ©nuer les impacts des changements climatiques. Pour relever ces dĂ©fis, le renforcement de la capacitĂ© des institutions locales, les Organisation non gouvernementale (ONGs) et des communautĂ©s locales s’avĂšre indispensable. D’oĂč le besoin d’une approche holistique (technologies climato-intelligentes) pour gĂ©rer les contraintes de production en tenant compte des risques climatiques. C’est pour remĂ©dier Ă  certaines de ces contraintes que l’Agence belge de dĂ©veloppement (ENABEL) et le Centre Mondial de l’Agroforesterie (ICRAF) ont convenu de la mise en Ɠuvre d’un projet de 18 mois nommĂ© « Renforcement de capacitĂ© des pasteurs et agropasteurs sur les Plateformes d’Innovation et la Valorisation de l’Information Climatique (PVIC). L’objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral du projet consiste Ă  renforcer la capacitĂ© technique des formateurs et producteurs leaders dans le cadre du projet d’Intervention Renforcement des CapacitĂ©s des institutions et acteurs de la RĂ©gion de Koulikoro pour accĂ©lĂ©rer l’adoption de l’agriculture climato-intelligente (ACI) et l’amĂ©lioration de la rĂ©silience des pasteurs et agropasteurs aux effets des changements climatiques. En effet, ENABEL Mali intervient dans la rĂ©gion de Koulikoro, une rĂ©gion situĂ©e au Centre Ouest du Mali et peuplĂ©e de 2.418.305 d’habitants rĂ©partis dans 108 communes dont 3 urbaines et 7 cercles (Banamba, DioĂŻla, Kangaba, Kati, Kolokani, Koulikoro et Nara). La rĂ©gion de Koulikoro, Ă  l’instar de toutes les autres rĂ©gions du Mali, est extrĂȘmement dĂ©pendante de l’agriculture, l’élevage, l’exploitation forestiĂšre, la pĂȘche et la chasse. Ce mode de vie, dĂ©jĂ  confrontĂ©e Ă  la diminution et Ă  la dĂ©gradation des terres due Ă  la pression dĂ©mographique et Ă  l’appauvrissement des sols, associĂ© Ă  une variabilitĂ© climatique expose les pasteurs et agropasteurs aux risques climatiques. Autrement dit, l’économie de la rĂ©gion est fortement tributaire des performances du secteur agricole, qui est particuliĂšrement sensible aux variations climatiques, et ĂĄ la dĂ©gradation des ressources naturelles. La rĂ©silience de la population dans la rĂ©gion dĂ©pendra d’une adaptation efficace au changement climatique. Ainsi, le projet PVIC issu d’un partenariat entre le Centre International de recherche en Agroforesterie (ICRAF) et la ReprĂ©sentation Enabel au Mali est envisagĂ© dans le domaine de la recherche action sur le changement climatique. Le projet vise spĂ©cifiquement Ă  : § Renforcer les capacitĂ©s des parties prenantes (services techniques dĂ©concentrĂ©s, organisations non gouvernementales et organisations de la sociĂ©tĂ© civile) sur la notion, la mise en place, et la gestion des plateformes multi-acteurs d’innovation pour amĂ©liorer l’adaptation des populations et l’attĂ©nuation au changement climatique dans la RĂ©gion de Koulikoro ; § AmĂ©liorer l’accĂšs et l’utilisation de l’information climatique par les pasteurs et agropasteurs pour renforcer la rĂ©silience de leurs systĂšmes de production Ă  travers la valorisation, la promotion de l’information climatique et des technologies intelligentes face au climat. § Renforcer la capacitĂ© des acteurs sur les techniques de production de fourrage et les pratiques agroforestiĂšres intĂ©grĂ©es dans le systĂšme de production

    West Africa Climate-Smart Villages AR4D sites: 2016 Inventory

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    Inventory of CSA practices in West Africa's Climate-Smart Villages

    Clonal Propagation of Khaya senegalensis

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    Khaya senegalensis is a multipurpose African timber species. The development of clonal propagation could improve plantation establishment, which is currently impeded by mahogany shoot borer. To examine its potential for clonal propagation, the effects of cutting length, leaf area, stockplant maturation, auxin, and smoke solution treatments were investigated. Leafy cuttings rooted well (up to 80%) compared to leafless cuttings (0%). Cuttings taken from seedlings rooted well (at least 95%), but cuttings obtained from older trees rooted poorly (5% maximum). The rooting ability of cuttings collected from older trees was improved (16% maximum) by pollarding. Auxin application enhanced root length and the number of roots while smoke solution did not improve cuttings' rooting ability. These results indicate that juvenile K. senegalensis is amenable to clonal propagation, but further work is required to improve the rooting of cuttings from mature trees
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