Cohesin causes replicative DNA damage by trapping DNA topological stress

DNA topological stress inhibits DNA replication fork (RF) progression and contributes to DNA replication stress. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrate that centromeric DNA and the rDNA array are especially vulnerable to DNA topological stress during replication. The activity of the SMC complexes cohesin and condensin are linked to both the generation and repair of DNA topological-stress-linked damage in these regions. At cohesin-enriched centromeres, cohesin activity causes the accumulation of DNA damage, RF rotation, and pre-catenation, confirming that cohesin-dependent DNA topological stress impacts on normal replication progression. In contrast, at the rDNA, cohesin and condensin activity inhibit the repair of damage caused by DNA topological stress. We propose that, as well as generally acting to ensure faithful genetic inheritance, SMCs can disrupt genome stability by trapping DNA topological stress

A spring of ambrosial words: finding Pindar in Pindar

This dissertation offers a literary approach to Pindar, his poetics, and his methods of commenting on the poetic art. It argues that Pindar consistently and self-consciously highlights himself in his poetics and that he actively shapes how his audience should receive and understand his poetry. This study challenges a current dominant scholarly approach to Pindar that prioritizes the practical performance context of Pindar’s poetry (an approach which frequently relegates the poet himself to the status of a technical writer of ritual scripts). In contrast, by focusing on the literary aspects of his programmatic techniques, this study makes the case for Pindar as a literary poet. The dissertation focuses on the language and function of Pindar’s invocations of the Muse, his poetic rivalry with and explicit commentary on previous poets, and his development of a complex metaphorical, metapoetic technique; this study also investigates the early reception of Pindar’s poetics and metapoetic techniques and locates the earliest critical reception of Pindar’s poetics in the comedies of Aristophanes. The first chapter considers the variety of ways in which Pindar invokes the Muses, and pursues a comparative reading of Pindar’s Muse invocations. The comparison brings out the range in function of the Muses in Pindar and also argues for a dynamic function of Pindar’s Muse invocations. Chapter 2 investigates Pindar’s poetic rivals and views Pindar in competition with the poets of the past of diverse genres: Homer, Hesiod, and Archilochus. The chapter argues that Pindar presents himself as rivaling these poets and that he engages in literary criticism to clarify his own poetic theory. The third chapter examines Pindar’s poetological imagery and suggests that Pindar’s metaphorical style constitutes a metapoetic technique. This chapter also brings out Pindar’s dynamic effect of layering multiple images for poetry. The final chapter reads Aristophanes’ parody of Pindar in the Birds as a reception of Pindar’s poetics. Through this parody, Aristophanes aims at positioning the comic poet in essential ways as a Pindaric poet. This reception highlights the continued relevance of what it means to be a “Pindaric poet” and signifies important aspects of the legacy of Pindar’s poetics

Income and Life Satisfaction Among Voluntary vs. Involuntary Retirees

This field study examined relationships of income and life satisfaction among retirees, their perceptions of whether their decisions to retire were voluntary or involuntary, and their stated reasons for retiring: “push” (to exit unsustainable work situations) or “pull” (to pursue more attractive options). Based on prior research, hypotheses predicted that voluntary / involuntary choice would moderate the relationship of income and life satisfaction, and that the relationship would vary as a function of push vs. pull reasons for retiring. A screened, national sample of 1,043 U.S. retirees completed an online survey that assessed satisfaction with multiple life domains, reason for retiring, demographic characteristics, family income, and perceived financial control. Results showed that voluntary retirees had, on average, higher income, life satisfaction, and perceived financial control than those who saw their retirements as involuntary. Type of reason for retirement did moderate the relationship between income and life satisfaction, but in an unexpected way. Based on decades of research on the relationship of control and stress, the hypothesis predicted the correlation between income and life satisfaction would be weakest in voluntary pull retirees, and strongest in the involuntary group. Instead, the relationship was strongest among voluntary push retirees (r=+.35). These surprising results highlight the importance of further research on perceived control over retirement on common predictors of life satisfaction in retirement

Supportive Leadership, Employee Engagement and Occupational Safety: A Field Study

This archival field study examined the relationships of supportive leadership, employee engagement, and safety outcomes in order to address the current knowledge gap regarding these concepts and also to test predictions of and extend the Job Demands-Job Resources Model. Participants were 3,312 employees from multiple departments located at 11 different locations of a large southeastern utility company. Data were collected on supportive leadership, employee engagement, and safety climate using archival data from self-report questionnaires. Recordable injuries and first-aid instances were collected through the organization’s archival safety records. Three consecutive years of data were included in the study. As expected, supportive leadership and employee engagement both showed a negative relationship with safety outcomes, as measured by first-aid instances and injury rates. Partial support was found for the main hypothesis, which predicted employee engagement would mediate the relationship between supportive leadership and safety outcomes. Significant mediation was found in two of the three years included in this study, as well is when all years were combined. The current study was the first to empirically test the relationship between supportive leadership and safety outcomes mediated by employee engagement. The findings have implications for theory, research and, perhaps most importantly, practical application

Concepts and Models of Empathy: Past, Present, and Future

The subject of empathy has been increasing in popularity and importance; correspondingly, the theoretical aspects of empathy are in need of further development. This paper outlines key concepts and processes related to empathy, particularly the mechanisms of identification and regression as they are discussed in the models of empathy articulated by Fleiss, Greenson, and Jordan. Similarities and differences of the models are examined, in addition to each model\u27s description of the roles of identification and regression. Although each model has made significant contributions towards a theoretical perspective of empathy, none of them have distinguished pathological from non-pathological uses of identification. Also, none of the models offered descriptions of the pathological or non-pathological uses of regression in empathy. In response to these differences, a new model of empathy is proposed. This new model emphasizes the non-pathological roles of identification and regression, which make empathy a creative process involving a therapist\u27s highly developed ego and ego functions

Covid-19: Thinking Differently about Education Research Impact

This paper draws on lessons from a webinar organised by the Impact Initiative that explored how researchers need to think differently about impact for education policy and practice in the context of Covid-19. It provides insights from education policy actors and researchers on how they are adapting their thinking on the types of impact that can be achieved in the context of Covid-19.ESRC-FCD

Abundant stable gauge field hair for black holes in anti-de sitter space

We present new hairy black hole solutions of SU(N) Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) theory in asymptotically anti–de Sitter (AdS) space. These black holes are described by N+1 independent parameters and have N-1 independent gauge field degrees of freedom. Solutions in which all gauge field functions have no zeros exist for all N, and for a sufficiently large (and negative) cosmological constant. At least some of these solutions are shown to be stable under classical, linear, spherically symmetric perturbations. Therefore there is no upper bound on the amount of stable gauge field hair with which a black hole in AdS can be endowed

Topological black holes in su(N) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory with a negative cosmological constant

We investigate the phase space of topological black hole solutions of su(N) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory in anti-de Sitter space with a purely magnetic gauge potential. The gauge field is described by N−1 magnetic gauge field functions ω_j, j=1,…,N−1. For su(2) gauge group, the function ω1 has no zeros. This is no longer the case when we consider a larger gauge group. The phase space of topological black holes is considerably simpler than for the corresponding spherically symmetric black holes, but for N>2 and a flat event horizon, there exist solutions where at least one of the ωj functions has one or more zeros. For most of the solutions, all the ωj functions have no zeros, and at least some of these are linearly stable

Penelope Martin: An Ornament of Grace

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