Utilization of an online module bank for a research training curriculum: development, implementation, evolution, evaluation, and lessons learned

Background: Students enter Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine’s required research program, Embark, with variable levels of experience. Recognizing this, Embark allows for progression through the individual research project with flexibility. Since 2014, student self-directed curriculum personalization is promoted through a menu of online modules. Objective: This evaluation sought to understand student usage of the modules, identified strengths of the modules and preferred attributes of the modules. Gaining this evidence will provide information on how to best meet students’ needs in a just-in-time format. Methods: A retrospective mixed methods analysis of the module library was conducted. The library was constructed using best practices as an educational tool. The retrospective evaluation included analysis of students’ viewing patterns and answers to required course evaluations during the fall semesters of 2014 to 2017. Students’ preference for modules was determined by viewing records and conjoint analysis. Results: Students’ milestone preparation was not negatively impacted by relocation of curricular content from lecture to modules. Changes in module implementation within the course (2016) resulted in an increase of students viewing modules beyond only the minimum course requirements (71% (2016) from 10% (2014)). Data from both quantitative and qualitative evaluation questions show an increase in students’ identifying the modules as a strength to individualize the course. The identified module strengths include content individualization, just-in-time access, while identified needs included a desire for additional modules. Students preferred modules that were animated, shorter in duration and curated from an external source. Conclusions: Online modules provide students with a rich set of resources allowing for individualized learning. Lessons learned in the implementation of the online modules may be transferable to many educational topics. When implementing similar technology projects, usage rates, learner feedback, and effect on appreciation of the content are important to frequently monitor

In vitro evaluation of a novel process for reducing bacterial contamination of environmental surfaces

Background: Disinfection of contaminated surfaces is an integral and challenging aspect of infection prevention. We evaluated the ability of Goldshield 5 (GS; NBS Technology, Laurelton, NY), an antimicrobial surfactant that coats surfaces with covalently bound octadecyldimethylammonium ions, to reduce the bacterial burden on contaminated surfaces. Methods: We tested the GS product for inhibitory activity against patient isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and Escherichia coli (EC) on fabric according to the garment industry standard American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 100 protocol. We also tested the product for activity against these same isolates in carrier tests with a modified Association of Official Analytical Chemists use-dilution method. Results: On fabric, viability of bacterial isolates was inhibited for 14 days. GS also reduced recovery of viable MRSA, PA, and EC from Formica and stainless steel carriers treated with the product. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that GS has inhibitory activity and potential utility as part of an infection control process

Self-report of domestic violence and forced sex are related to sexual risk behaviors in a sample of juvenile detainees

BACKGROUND: Justice-involved youth have higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and a higher prevalence of the associated sexual risk behaviors. Sexual risk behaviors are also associated with alcohol and drug use. Research suggests that a history of trauma is an important predictor of alcohol and drug use in youth offenders, and therefore is a likely contributor to sexual risk behavior in this population. The objective of this analysis is to determine the association of trauma, specifically, domestic violence and forced sex, to six sexual risk behaviors and a history of chlamydia among detained youth. METHODS: The analysis uses data from a convenience sample of detainees assenting to HIV testing conducted December 2016 - August 2017 using the state-certified Voluntary Counseling Testing and Referral (VCTR) process. RESULTS: Of the 379 youth that received VCTR at the facility, 308 (81.3%) were used in this analysis. Report of domestic violence was significantly associated with sex under the influence of alcohol and was also significantly associated with sex under the influence of marijuana. Forced sex was associated with a sexual partner of unknown HIV status. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic experiences were related to sexual risk behaviors in this analysis, and substance use was strongly implicated in the association. Trauma is known to be a catalyst to sexual risk behaviors, substance use, and delinquency in adolescence. Results support the findings of other investigators and re-iterate the need for trauma-informed interventions that can improve the life trajectories of detained youth

Residency Program Directors' Views on Research Conducted During Medical School: A National Survey

Purpose: With the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 transition to pass/fail in 2022, uncertainty exists regarding how other residency application components, including research conducted during medical school, will inform interview and ranking decisions. The authors explore program director (PD) views on medical student research, the importance of disseminating that work, and the translatable skill set of research participation. Method: Surveys were distributed to all U.S. residency PDs and remained open from August to November 2021 to query the importance of research participation in assessing applicants, whether certain types of research were more valued, productivity measures that reflect meaningful research participation, and traits for which research serves as a proxy. The survey also queried whether research would be more important without a numeric Step 1 score and the importance of research vs other application components. Results: A total of 885 responses from 393 institutions were received. Ten PDs indicated that research is not considered when reviewing applicants, leaving 875 responses for analysis. Among 873 PDs (2 nonrespondents), 358 (41.0%) replied that meaningful research participation will be more important in offering interviews. A total of 164 of 304 most competitive specialties (53.9%) reported increased research importance compared with 99 of 282 competitive (35.1%) and 95 of 287 least competitive (33.1%) specialties. PDs reported that meaningful research participation demonstrated intellectual curiosity (545 [62.3%]), critical and analytical thinking skills (482 [55.1%]), and self-directed learning skills (455 [52.0%]). PDs from the most competitive specialties were significantly more likely to indicate that they value basic science research vs PDs from the least competitive specialties. Conclusions: This study demonstrates how PDs value research in their review of applicants, what they perceive research represents in an applicant, and how these views are shifting as the Step 1 exam transitions to pass/fail

Malaria elimination in Haiti by the year 2020: an achievable goal?

Haiti and the Dominican Republic, which share the island of Hispaniola, are the last locations in the Caribbean where malaria still persists. Malaria is an important public health concern in Haiti with 17,094 reported cases in 2014. Further, on January 12, 2010, a record earthquake devastated densely populated areas in Haiti including many healthcare and laboratory facilities. Weakened infrastructure provided fertile reservoirs for uncontrolled transmission of infectious pathogens. This situation results in unique challenges for malaria epidemiology and elimination efforts. To help Haiti achieve its malaria elimination goals by year 2020, the Laboratoire National de Santé Publique and Henry Ford Health System, in close collaboration with the Direction d\u27Épidémiologie, de Laboratoire et de Recherches and the Programme National de Contrôle de la Malaria, hosted a scientific meeting on Elimination Strategies for Malaria in Haiti on January 29-30, 2015 at the National Laboratory in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The meeting brought together laboratory personnel, researchers, clinicians, academics, public health professionals, and other stakeholders to discuss main stakes and perspectives on malaria elimination. Several themes and recommendations emerged during discussions at this meeting. First, more information and research on malaria transmission in Haiti are needed including information from active surveillance of cases and vectors. Second, many healthcare personnel need additional training and critical resources on how to properly identify malaria cases so as to improve accurate and timely case reporting. Third, it is necessary to continue studies genotyping strains of Plasmodium falciparum in different sites with active transmission to evaluate for drug resistance and impacts on health. Fourth, elimination strategies outlined in this report will continue to incorporate use of primaquine in addition to chloroquine and active surveillance of cases. Elimination of malaria in Haiti will require collaborative multidisciplinary approaches, sound strategic planning, and strong ownership of strategies by the Haiti Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population