Nature of Importance of Various Parameters for Ideal Biofuel Crops: Special Reference to Rapeseed Mustard

To increase the performance of diesel engine and environment, the utilization of biofuel as a major source of renewable energy is justified. It is well understood that agri-based biofuel is always also the choice in case of utilization as biofuel because of requirement of processing and threat to food security. Therefore, scope of improvement increases as it is yet to efficiently exploit as major full in the world. There are numerous factors that influence the efficiency of a fuel and its combustion. The physiochemical properties, namely viscosity, surface tension, flash point, latent heat of vaporization, oxidation, etc., allow the fuel to work efficiently during combustion. Thus, interests in biofuels have been increased, and various experimental studies have been developed for diesel engines consisting of methanol and methyl ester of rapeseed oil. In a relevant study, to achieve ideal biofuel, various biotechnological advances at the frontiers of plant science to dissect the underlying traits for identification of fatty acid profile useful for oil production and quality are essential, thereby ensuring food security. The plant-based fuel and its efficient utilization depend upon its oil quality and quantity, which thereby can be evaluated and enhanced by various conventional and nonconventional approaches of engineering and plant sciences

COVID-19: Scenarios of Lethal Advanced Version of its Class

The viral disease named COVID-19 caused by family coronavirus is one of the biggest outbreaks reported on December 31, 2019, when China reported to the World Health Organisation (WHO) of a cluster of cases of pneumonia and lungs related ailments due to some unknown causative agent in Wuhan City in Hubei Province. The panic grew more when the disease spread recorded in Provinces of China, and now the problem has engulfed all the developed and developing nations of the world. The WHO has now declared it a major pandemic. Origin of virus and its evolutionary history can solve the mystery of this international pandemic outbreak. In the present review, various scenarios are discussed in reference to its origin and its rate of reproducibility in the mammals

Gene/QTL discovery for Anthracnose in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from North-western Himalayas

Not AvailableCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important grain legume crops in the world. The beans grown in north-western Himalayas possess huge diversity for seed color, shape and size but are mostly susceptible to Anthracnose disease caused by seed born fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Dozens of QTLs/genes have been already identified for this disease in common bean world-wide. However, this is the first report of gene/QTL discovery for Anthracnose using bean germplasm from north-western Himalayas of state Jammu & Kashmir, India. A core set of 96 bean lines comprising 54 indigenous local landraces from 11 hot-spots and 42 exotic lines from 10 different countries were phenotyped at two locations (SKUAST-Jammu and Bhaderwah, Jammu) for Anthracnose resistance. The core set was also genotyped with genome-wide (91) random and trait linked SSR markers. The study of marker-trait associations (MTAs) led to the identification of 10 QTLs/genes for Anthracnose resistance. Among the 10 QTLs/genes identified, two MTAs are stable (BM45 & BM211), two MTAs (PVctt1 & BM211) are major explaining more than 20% phenotypic variation for Anthracnose and one MTA (BM211) is both stable and major. Six (06) genomic regions are reported for the first time, while as four (04) genomic regions validated the already known QTL/gene regions/clusters for Anthracnose. The major, stable and validated markers reported during the present study associated with Anthracnose resistance will prove useful in common bean molecular breeding programs aimed at enhancing Anthracnose resistance of local bean landraces grown in north-western Himalayas of state Jammu and Kashmir.Not Availabl

Frequency distribution of Anthracnose disease resistance score of core set of 96 bean lines.

<p>The blue color plots shows Anthracnose disease score recorded at SKUAST-Jammu while as red colour plots shows Anthracnose disease score recorded at Bhaderwah Jammu.</p

Validation of four QTLs/ Genes/markers for Anthracnose during the present study.

<p>The figure shows the location/map positions of four validated markers in/near the QTL/Genes clusters for Anthracnose identified in earlier studies/genetic linkage maps.</p

Gene/QTL discovery for Anthracnose in common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) from North-western Himalayas

<div><p>Common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) is one of the most important grain legume crops in the world. The beans grown in north-western Himalayas possess huge diversity for seed color, shape and size but are mostly susceptible to Anthracnose disease caused by seed born fungus <i>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</i>. Dozens of QTLs/genes have been already identified for this disease in common bean world-wide. However, this is the first report of gene/QTL discovery for Anthracnose using bean germplasm from north-western Himalayas of state Jammu & Kashmir, India. A core set of 96 bean lines comprising 54 indigenous local landraces from 11 hot-spots and 42 exotic lines from 10 different countries were phenotyped at two locations (SKUAST-Jammu and Bhaderwah, Jammu) for Anthracnose resistance. The core set was also genotyped with genome-wide (91) random and trait linked SSR markers. The study of marker-trait associations (MTAs) led to the identification of 10 QTLs/genes for Anthracnose resistance. Among the 10 QTLs/genes identified, two MTAs are stable (BM45 & BM211), two MTAs (PVctt1 & BM211) are major explaining more than 20% phenotypic variation for Anthracnose and one MTA (BM211) is both stable and major. Six (06) genomic regions are reported for the first time, while as four (04) genomic regions validated the already known QTL/gene regions/clusters for Anthracnose. The major, stable and validated markers reported during the present study associated with Anthracnose resistance will prove useful in common bean molecular breeding programs aimed at enhancing Anthracnose resistance of local bean landraces grown in north-western Himalayas of state Jammu and Kashmir.</p></div

Identification of new and validation of already know marker-trait associations for Anthracnose in common bean.

<p>Identification of new and validation of already know marker-trait associations for Anthracnose in common bean.</p

Manhattan plot showing significant MTAs identified using GLM approach of software program TASSEL for Anthracnose resistance.

<p>(a) Shows MTAs identified from the phenotypic data recorded at Bhaderwah-Jammu, (b) shows MTAs identified from the phenotypic data recorded at SKUAST- Jammu and (c) shows the QQ plots for both locations (SKUAST-Jammu and Bhaderwah Jammu.</p