16 research outputs found

    Inzidenz und Differentialdiagnose unterschiedlicher synchroner Leberraumforderungen bei Erstdiagnose einer malignen Grunderkrankung : Stellenwert von Klinik, Ultraschall, CT, MRT, PET-CT und Histologie

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    Hintergrund: Ziel der Studie ist es, die Inzidenz synchroner fokaler Leberläsionen bei Erstdiagnose einer malignen Grunderkrankung zu bestimmen. Außerdem soll der Stellenwert der Bildgebungen CEUS, CT, MRT und PET-CT in der Abklärung der Leberraumforderungen untersucht werden. Patienten und Methoden: N = 446 Patienten mit synchroner Leberraumforderung bei Erstdiagnose einer malignen Grunderkrankung, welche am Universitätsklinikum Marburg sonographisch abgeklärt wurden, wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Es wurde die endgültige Diagnose der Leberraumforderung verwendet. Der Einsatz und die Ergebnisse von CEUS, CT, MRT und PET-CT wurden miteinander verglichen. Ergebnisse: Von den n = 446 Leberläsionen waren n = 182 (40,8%) benigne und n = 264 (59,2%) maligne. Bei den benignen Leberraumforderungen handelte es sich um n = 94 Zysten (21,1%), n = 55 Hämangiome (12,3%), n = 21 fokale Fettverteilungsstörungen (4,7%), n = 4 fokal noduläre Hyperplasien (0,9%), n = 3 nicht weiter spezifizierte gutartige Läsionen (0,7%), n = 2 Regeneratknoten (0,4%) und n = 1 Adenom (0,2%). Bei den malignen Läsionen handelte es sich um n = 250 Metastasen (56,1%) und n = 14 Primärtumoren der Leber (3,1%). Es zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Sensitivität auf Malignität einer Leberraumforderung zwischen den unterschiedlichen Bildgebenden Verfahren Sonographie mit CEUS, CT, MRT und PET-CT. In der Spezifität für Malignität liegt die CT signifikant niedriger als die CEUS, alle anderen Verfahren unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant in der Spezifität. Fazit: Synchrone Leberraumforderungen bei Erstdiagnose einer malignen Grunderkrankung sind in 59,2% der Fälle maligne und sollten aufgrund der hohen therapeutischen Relevanz bei Lebermetastasen immer abschließend geklärt werden. Sonographie mit CEUS, CT, MRT und PET-CT sind für die Differenzierung und Spezifizierung synchroner Leberraumforderungen bei Erstdiagnose eine malignen Grunderkrankung in der klinischen Praxis von annähernd gleichem Stellenwert. Da bei Erstdiagnose einer malignen Grunderkrankung die Feststellung von Lebermetastasen oft schon für ein palliatives Behandlungssetting ausreicht, wären in diesem Fall weitere Erkenntnisse aus CT, MRT und PET-CT für die Therapieentscheidung nicht mehr relevan

    Eliminating Hepatitis C Virus Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus\textendashInfected Men Who Have Sex With Men in Berlin: A Modeling Analysis

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    International audienceAbstract Background Despite high hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment rates, HCV incidence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\textendash infected men who have sex with men (HIV-infected MSM) in Germany rose before HCV direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). We model what intervention can achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination target of an 80% reduction in HCV incidence by 2030 among HIV-infected MSM in Berlin. Methods An HCV transmission model among HIV-diagnosed MSM was calibrated to Berlin (rising HCV incidence and high rates of HCV testing and treatment). We modeled the HCV incidence among HIV-diagnosed MSM in Berlin until 2030 (relative to 2015 WHO baseline) under scenarios of DAA scale-up with or without behavior change (among HIV-diagnosed MSM and/or all MSM). Results Continuing current treatment rates will marginally reduce the HCV incidence among HIV-diagnosed MSM in Berlin by 2030. Scaling up DAA treatment rates, beginning in 2018, to 100% of newly diagnosed HCV infections within 3 months of diagnosis and 25% each year of previously diagnosed and untreated HCV infections could reduce the HCV incidence by 61% (95% confidence interval, 55.4%\textendash 66.7%) by 2030. The WHO target would likely be achieved by combining DAA scale-up with a 40% reduction in HCV transmission among HIV-diagnosed MSM and a 20% reduction among HIV-undiagnosed or HIV-uninfected MSM. Discussion HCV elimination among HIV-infected MSM in Berlin likely requires combining DAA scale-up with moderately effective behavioral interventions to reduce risk among all MSM

    HIV-associated lung cancer: Survival in an unselected cohort

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    Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common non-AIDS-defining malignancies in HIV-infected patients. However, data on clinical outcome and prognostic factors are scarce. Methods: This was a national German multicentre, retrospective cohort analysis of all cases of lung cancer seen in HIV-infected individuals from 2000 through 2010. Survival was analyzed with respect to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), specific lung cancer therapies, and other potential prognostic factors. Results: A total of 72 patients (mean age 55.5 y, CD4 T-cells 383/mu l) were evaluated in this analysis. At time of lung cancer diagnosis, 86% were on ART. Of these, 79% had undetectable HIV-1 RNA ( 200/mu l, and a non-intravenous drug use transmission risk for HIV. Conclusions: Currently, most cases of lung cancer occur in the setting of limited immune deficiency and a long-lasting viral suppression. As in HIV-negative cases, the clinical stage of lung cancer is highly predictive of survival, and long-term overall survival can only be achieved at the limited stages. The still high mortality underscores the importance of smoking cessation strategies in HIV-infected patients

    Eliminating Hepatitis C Virus among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men in Berlin: A Modeling Analysis

    No full text
    Background: Despite high hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment rates, HCV incidence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (HIV-infected MSM) in Germany rose before HCV direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). We model what intervention can achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination target of an 80% reduction in HCV incidence by 2030 among HIV-infected MSM in Berlin. Methods: An HCV transmission model among HIV-diagnosed MSM was calibrated to Berlin (rising HCV incidence and high rates of HCV testing and treatment). We modeled the HCV incidence among HIV-diagnosed MSM in Berlin until 2030 (relative to 2015 WHO baseline) under scenarios of DAA scale-up with or without behavior change (among HIV-diagnosed MSM and/or all MSM). Results: Continuing current treatment rates will marginally reduce the HCV incidence among HIV-diagnosed MSM in Berlin by 2030. Scaling up DAA treatment rates, beginning in 2018, to 100% of newly diagnosed HCV infections within 3 months of diagnosis and 25% each year of previously diagnosed and untreated HCV infections could reduce the HCV incidence by 61% (95% confidence interval, 55.4%-66.7%) by 2030. The WHO target would likely be achieved by combining DAA scale-up with a 40% reduction in HCV transmission among HIV-diagnosed MSM and a 20% reduction among HIV-undiagnosed or HIV-uninfected MSM. Discussion: HCV elimination among HIV-infected MSM in Berlin likely requires combining DAA scale-up with moderately effective behavioral interventions to reduce risk among all MSM
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