the censorship of a nest of vipers

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a Study of Early Modern Book Microcensorship and the Digital Humanities

UIDB/04666/2020 UIDP/04666/2020Censorship sometimes took on a spectacular, even theatrical aspect, as when book burnings were organized in the squares of major cities such as Lisbon, London, Paris or Rome. But, besides the elimination and prohibition of books, there was another form of censorship, common, and also spectacular, in the first sense: made to be seen. It is the expurgation of printed matter, or censorship in the texts themselves. The present work deals with the phenomena of micro-censorship which, for several centuries, have marked the circulation and reading of a very large number of works throughout Europe. It was particularly well organized in the Catholic countries where the tribunal of the Holy Office, or Inquisition, was established, with a staff qualified for this type of task. The systematic study of these phenomena has been made possible thanks to the principles and methodo- logical means presented here. Finally, a case study, the Theatrum Vitae Humanae by Theodor and Jacob Zwinger, provides an insight into the interest and potential of microcensorship studies.publishersversionpublishe

Outcomes and perspectives

UIDB/04666/2020 UIDP/04666/2020In this paper, the author provides an overview of the issues of early modern micro-censorship. This notion aims to cover the theoretical and practi- cal history of the expurgation of texts. It is methodologically grounded on the observation, analysis, and interpretation of all phenomena throughout the early modern textual production, that is, printed and, in a lesser degree, handwritten books. This systematic approach has been done so far on nearly a thousand copies in Portuguese and non-Portuguese libraries, mostly in the disciplines of humanities and science. It is now possible to ask ourselves what lessons we can learn from such a methodological approach and what are its outcomes, both in this context and in a broader European perspective. En este trabajo el autor ofrece un panorama sobre cuestiones relativas a la microcensura en la Alta Edad Moderna. Esta noción de microcensura pretende abarcar la historia teórica y práctica de la expurgación de textos. Se fundamenta metodológicamente en la observación, el análisis y la interpretación de todos los fenómenos que afectan a la producción textual de la Alta Edad Moderna, impresos y, en menor medida, libros manuscritos. Este acercamiento sistemático se ha llevado a cabo hasta ahora en casi mil copias en bibliotecas portuguesas y no portuguesas, la mayoría en disciplinas de humanidades y ciencias. Es el momento de preguntarse qué lecciones se pueden extraer desde este enfoque metodológico y cuáles son los resultados en este contexto y desde una perspectiva europea más amplia.publishersversionpublishe

A Good Business?

UID/HIS/04666/2013 SFRH/BPD/62410/2009The title of this chapter prompts a series of questions. Was there a distinctive medical book market, and if so what did it look like within the broader world of the book? Was it Portuguese, or might we better think in Iberian or even European terms? Was medical publishing a profitable activity? Let us attempt to address these issues, and explore the connections between producers and consumers (buyers, readers, censors) and how these relationships evolved over the course of the first half of the seventeenth centuryauthorsversionpublishe

A censura dos livros de médicos portugueses

Este artigo, fruto duma primeira fase de investigações sobre a expurgação dos livros impressos iniciadas em 2011, adopta um ponto de vista e uma terminologia diferentes dos tradicionais. Instaurando decididamente uma distinção entre macro e microcensura, pretende estabelecer os fundamentos da análise dos fenómenos microcensórios, isto é, as modificações efectuadas nos livros em conformidade com as directivas oficiais fixadas pelo Santo Ofício. Este padrão metodológico, baseado na análise de dois corpus – de um lado os índices de livros proibidos e expurgados impressos nos séculos XVI e XVII, e do outro os livros alvo de censura –, visa organizar um estudo sistemático dos fenómenos de expurgação, geralmente menos explorados do que os da proibição pura e simples dos livros. Dois fundos de livros antigos de Coimbra (Biblioteca Geral e da Faculdade de Medicina) foram examinados, limitando-se a análise a obras de médicos portugueses.In this paper, resulting of a preliminary phase of investigations about printed books expurgation initiated in 2011, adopts a point of view and a terminology different from the traditional ones leading on to a strong distinction between macro and micro censorship. It aims to establish the foundations of an analysis of microcensorial phenomenona, i.e, the modifications made on books in conformity with the official instructions set by the Santo Ofício. This methodological pattern, based on the analysis of two corpus, on one side the indexes of prohibited and expurgated books printed in the 16th and 17th centuries, and on the other, the works censored by them, intends to organize a systematic study of expurgations. This aspect of censorship studies still remains underexplored compared to the prohibitive censorship. Two rare books collections, in the field of Portuguese authors, have been examined in this perspective

Livro médico e censura na primeira modernidade em Portugal

UID/HIS/04666/2013Livro médico e censura na primeira modernidade visa preencher duas lacunas na história do livro em Portugal: por um lado, descrever e analisar a expurgação dos livros, tanto de fabrico local como de importação; por outro, fornecer uma bibliografia aprofundada das obras impressas e dos manuscritos do século XVII. A primeira parte intitula-se «Tuto lege. A microcensura dos livros de medicina em Portugal (séculos XVI-XVII). Balanço estatístico‐metodológico e perspetivas.» A noção de microcensura, ainda pouco divulgada, refere as práticas censórias que modificam os textos. Em Portugal como nos outros países de Inquisição, além da mera proibição de autores e obras, praticou-se maciçamente a expurgação textual graças a índices epónimos editados a partir dos anos 1570-1580. Mas a barreira da imensidão dos fenómenos, segundo os historiadores da censura, ainda estava por ultrapassar. Foi elaborada uma metodologia da análise microcensória que permite classificar e avaliar qualitativa e quantitativamente a efetividade das operações realizadas dentro dos livros. Aplicada às centenas de exemplares espalhados pela maioria das bibliotecas do país, providenciou informações sobre numerosos aspetos renovando a reflexão sobre a censura. A expressão latina Tuto lege, “lê em segurança”, no título desta parte relembra que se trata de textos e de leitores (e ouvintes). Assim, começou a escrever-se a história da biblioteca limpa, secção do livro médico, segundo os padrões da cultura pós-tridentina. A segunda parte intitula-se Bibliografia Médica Lusa (século XVII). Em comparação com a reduzida produção anterior de livros de medicina (22 títulos entre 1496 e 1598), estão aqui catalogados 99 itens de impressos (títulos originais e reedições) e 51 entradas sobre obras manuscritas. Além dos principais dados bibliográficos correntes, cada item está descrito com dados sobre aspetos indispensáveis, sempre que consta nele este tipo de informação: datas das licenças e de privilégio, taxas, título e autor das peças paratextuais, localização dos exemplares a três níveis (Portugal, Espanha, resto do mundo). Contém no fim os seguintes índices remissivos: nomes de autores de impressos e manuscritos, de destinatários de uma dedicatória, de editores e patrocinadores, lugares de edição. A dupla abordagem, censória e bibliográfica, ajuda a conhecer melhor o mundo do livro e dos seus atores num mercado reduzido e num contexto de controlo apertado. Livro médico e censura na primeira modernidade aims at filling out two gaps in the history of the book in Portugal: on one hand, to describe and to analyze the expurgation of the books, imported or not; on the other, to supply a deepened bibliography of the XVIIth century printed and handwritten works. The first part is entitled «Tuto lege. The microcensorship of medical books in Portugal (XVIth-XVIIth centuries). A statistical and methodological survey and perspectives ». The notion of micro-censorship, still little used, refers to the censoring activities which modify the texts. In Portugal as well as in other Inquisitorial countries, beyond the simple prohibition of authors and works, textual expurgation was massively carried out from the years 1570-1580 when the first indexes of expurgation were published in various countries. But until now, the barrier of the immensity, as the historians say, of the phenomena to be considered was to overcome. A methodology was elaborated towards the analysis of micro-censorship which leads to classify and assess quantitatively and qualitatively the effectiveness and the efficiency of the interventions achieved within the books. This methodology applied to hundreds of copies from the majority of the Portuguese libraries provided information on various aspects and renews reflection about censorship. The Latin expression Tuto lege, “read safely”, given in title reminds that we are dealing with texts and readers (and listeners). This is the beginning of the history of the library (department of the medical books) cleansed following the post-Tridentine patterns. The second part of the book is entitled Bibliografia Médica Lusa (século XVII) (bibliography of the XVIIth century Portuguese medical books). Compared to the production of the previous century (22 titles between 1496 and 1598), here are listed 99 items of prints (original works and reeditions) and 51 entries for manuscripts. Beyond the main bibliographical data, every item is described with more details about critical aspects, whenever the information is delivered: dates of licences, taxes, title and author of para-textual pieces, place of the copies on three levels (Portugal, Spain, rest of the world). It includes the following indexes: names of authors (prints, manuscripts), addressees of a dedication, publishers and sponsors, publishing place. The double approach, through censorship and bibliography, helps improving our knowledge of the world of the book and its actors in a small market and in a context of tight control.publishersversionpublishersversionpublishe

La revie ou les deboires de l’oubli : quels marqueurs ?

L’article traite de la question de la revie dans les domaines de la production littéraire et d’autres arts en se fondant en partie sur le cas d’un écrivain français, Gérald Hervé (1928–1998). Cette question, qui recouvre un champ théorico-pratique surgi il y a quelques décennies, est encore embryonnaire. Aussi l’auteur retrace-t-il à grands traits son histoire et ses développements depuis son apparition dans les années 1980. Puis, il en dessine les axes principaux du point de vue définitionnel et méthodologique, illustrant le propos de divers tableaux. Cet article a en outre pour objectif d’attirer l’attention des chercheurs et théoriciens en sciences humaines intéressés par les développements théoriques nécessaires ainsi que par la mise en pratique dans le champ concerné

un traité jésuite de diététique, question d’ascèse ou de raison?

In this study, the author analyses the textual relationships between two treatises on dietetics, one by the Venetian Luigi Cornaro, published in the sixteenth century, and the other by the Belgian Jesuit Leonard Lessius, published in the beginning of the seventeenth centuryauthorsversionpublishe

Obras impressas em Portugal no século XVIII

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Isabelle Krier, Montaigne et le genre instable, Paris : Classiques Garnier, coll. “Essais philosophiques sur Montaigne et son temps”, 2015, 316 p., EAN 9782812445811

UID/HIS/04666/2013 SFRH/BPD/62410/2009authorsversionpublishe