Distance and Engagement: Hegel’s Account of Critical Reflection

Hegel famously argues that Kant’s account of critical distance depends upon an impoverished conception of freedom. In its place, Hegel introduces a richer conception of freedom, according to which the self who is capable of self-determination is multifaceted: wanting and thinking, social and individual. This richer conception gives rise to an account of critical reflection that emphasizes engagement with our motives and practices rather than radical detachment from them. But what is most distinctive about Hegel’s account is the idea that when we reflect upon motives and practices, we draw upon shared self-understandings that are neither universal nor just particular to individuals. There is, Hegel argues, no presocial identity or self that can be detached from our socially constituted contexts of thought and value. This has important implications for how we conceive of critical reflection

A convenient method for the synthesis of (prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene derivatives via reaction with propargyl bromide, their optimization, scope and biological evaluation

A highly convenient method has been developed for the synthesis of (prop-2-ynyloxy) benzene and its derivatives. Differently substituted phenol and aniline derivatives were allowed to react with propargyl bromide in the presence of K2CO3 base and acetone as solvent. The compounds were synthesized in good yields (53–85%). Low cost, high yields and easy availability of compounds helped in the synthesis. Electron withdrawing groups favor the formation of stable phenoxide ion thus in turn favors the formation of product while electron donating groups do not favor the reaction. Phenol derivatives gave good yields as compared to that of aniline. As aprotic polar solvents favor SN2 type reactions so acetone provided best solvation for the reactions. K2CO3 was proved to be good for the synthesis. Antibacterial, Antiurease and NO scavenging activity of synthesized compounds were also examined. 4-bromo-2-chloro-1-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benze​ne2a was found most active compound against urease enzyme with a percentage inhibition of 82.00±0.09 at 100 µg/mL with IC50 value of 60.2. 2-bromo-4-methyl-1-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benze​ne2d was found potent antibacterial against Bacillus subtillus showing excellent inhibitory action with percentage inhibition of 55.67±0.26 at 100 µg/ml wih IC50 value of 79.9. Based on results, it can be concluded that some of the synthesized compounds may have potential antiurease and antibacterial effects against several harmful substances

Antibacterial activity of (prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene derivatives.

<p>Antibacterial activity of (prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene derivatives.</p

Urease inhibition studies of (prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene.

<p>Urease inhibition studies of (prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene.</p

Synthesis of compound 10.

<p>Synthesis of compound 10.</p

Synthesis of compounds 6a–b.

<p>Synthesis of compounds 6a–b.</p

Optimization of reaction conditions for compounds <b>6a–b</b>.

<p>Optimization of reaction conditions for compounds <b>6a–b</b>.</p

Synthesis of compounds 8a–d.

<p>Synthesis of compounds 8a–d.</p

Nitric oxide scavenging activity.

<p>Nitric oxide scavenging activity.</p

Synthesis of compounds 2a–f.

<p>Synthesis of compounds 2a–f.</p