The Epidemiological Aspects of Tuberculosis in Hamadan Province during 2005–11

Background: Epidemiological information on tuberculosis (TB) is required to plan control and prevention strategies and to inform service delivery systems. The aim of present study was to determine the epidemiological status of TB in Hamadan Province covering a seven-year period. Methods: In this cross-sectional study all registered TB patients suffering from any form of smear-positive, smearnegative or extra pulmonary from 2005 to 2011 were assessed. Age-adjusted incidence trend was studied. The CochranArmitage (C-A) test was used for testing the trends over time. Results: The mean age of TB patients was 57.0 (±21.1), 49.9% were males, 52.8% were aged 61 years or older and 39.7% were rural residents. Previous history of jailed was present in 13 (2.2%) patients and 12 (2.0%) were HIV positive. From all TB patients, 60.8% were smear-positive, 87.6% were new cases, and 87.3% of smear-positive patients were cured cases. Also, 23.6% patients had history of hospitalization for TB. More than half (55.4%) of TB patients were reported by public health system. Age-adjusted incidence rates of all TB cases during 2005–11 was 3.4, 3.2, 3.6, 4.7, 3.3, 4.4 and 7.3 in 100,000 respectively (C-A trend test, P< 0.001). Conclusion: Although, the incidence rate of TB in Hamadan Province is lower than country’s average, increasing trend of TB incidence is not concordant with its decreasing trend in Iran. An epidemiological study is required to evaluate risk factors associated with TB to identify ways to decrease the prevalence of TB

The epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in Hamadan Province during 2005–11

Background: Epidemiological information on tuberculosis (TB) is required to plan control and prevention strategies and to inform service delivery systems. The aim of present study was to determine the epidemiological status of TB in Hamadan Province covering a seven-year period. Methods: In this cross-sectional study all registered TB patients suffering from any form of smear-positive, smear- negative or extra pulmonary from 2005 to 2011 were assessed. Age-adjusted incidence trend was studied. The Cochran- Armitage (C-A) test was used for testing the trends over time. Results: The mean age of TB patients was 57.0 (±21.1), 49.9% were males, 52.8% were aged 61 years or older and 39.7% were rural residents. Previous history of jailed was present in 13 (2.2%) patients and 12 (2.0%) were HIV positive. From all TB patients, 60.8% were smear-positive, 87.6% were new cases, and 87.3% of smear-positive patients were cured cases. Also, 23.6% patients had history of hospitalization for TB. More than half (55.4%) of TB patients were reported by public health system. Age-adjusted incidence rates of all TB cases during 2005–11 was 3.4, 3.2, 3.6, 4.7, 3.3, 4.4 and 7.3 in 100,000 respectively (C-A trend test, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Although, the incidence rate of TB in Hamadan Province is lower than country’s average, increasing trend of TB incidence is not concordant with its decreasing trend in Iran. An epidemiological study is required to evaluate risk factors associated with TB to identify ways to decrease the prevalence of TB

Epidemiology and trend of hepatitis B infection in Hamadan Province during 2011–2016

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health problem worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological pattern and to analyse the trend of hepatitis B infection in Hamadan province over 7 successive years (2011–2016). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the recorded HBV cases (n = 1132) by the Deputy of Health affiliated to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences during 2011–2016. Cochran–Armitage test was used to investigate the changes in trend of the infection according to demographical and clinical characteristics. Incidence rates of HBV were estimated by districts for 2016. Results: Overall, 708 (62.54%) were male and 733 (64.75%) were urban dwellers; the highest proportion of the cases (41.17%) belonged to the age group of 25–44 years. There was a significant decreasing trend of HBV incidence in 15–24 years of age group (P for trend = 0.038). Overall, incidence rate of HBV infection in Hamadan province was 7.59/100,000 in 2016, while southern counties had higher incidence rates as compared to northern parts. Conclusion: Our results showed that HBV was prevalent in the age group of 25–44 years. In spite of effective vaccination programmes against hepatitis B, the increasing trend of HBV in southern parts of the province and reduced trend of hepatitis B in the northern counties should be further explored to find the role of other risk factors in the HBV process and the reporting system