4 research outputs found

    Remote Sensing of Large-Scale Areas at the Urban Sites of the Mongolian Orkhon Valley Using Low-Cost Drones. Preliminary Results and Some Thoughts on the Urban Layout of the Uyghur Capital Qara Balǧasun

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    Im Jahr 2018 fĂŒhrte die Mongolisch-Deutsche Orchon-Expedition (Mongolische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mongolische NationaluniversitĂ€t, Deutsches ArchĂ€ologisches Institut) in Zusammenarbeit mit Archaeocopter (Hochschule fĂŒr Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden, Freie UniversitĂ€t Berlin) großflĂ€chige GelĂ€ndeaufnahmen an der Uighurischen Hauptstadt Karabalgasun und der altmongolischen Hauptstadt Karakorum durch. Insbesondere die enorme GrĂ¶ĂŸe der StadtwĂŒstung Karabalgasun ist eine Herausforderung fĂŒr die archĂ€ologische Erforschung. Die nicht bebaute und vegetationsarme mongolische Steppe bietet hervorragende Voraussetzungen fĂŒr bildgestĂŒtzte Fernerkundungsmethoden. Mit handelsĂŒblichen, relativ kostengĂŒnstigen UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) wurden beide Stadtruinen systematisch mit tausenden ĂŒberlappenden Luftbildern erfasst. Durch photogrammetrische Methoden wurden aus den Bildern Orthofotos und digitale GelĂ€ndemodelle erstellt. Diese ermöglichen es, selbst kleinste Reste von Bebauung zu erkennen. Auf diese Weise wurde erstmals ein vollstĂ€ndiger Stadtplan von Karabalgasun erstellt. Der Plan erbringt neue Erkenntnisse zu der Uighurischen Stadt. Die von der Stadt eingenommene FlĂ€che betrĂ€gt demnach etwa 44 kmÂČ. DarĂŒber hinaus erlaubt der neue Stadtplan ein besseres VerstĂ€ndnis der Raumordnungsprinzipien, die der Stadt zugrunde liegen. Entgegen frĂŒherer Theorien, die primĂ€r iranisch-sogdische oder chinesische Stadtplanungsprinzipien am Werk sahen, folgt die Anlage von Qara Balǧasun genuin nomadischen Vorstellungen. Sie ist somit ein verfestigtes Lager und damit Beispiel einer eigenstĂ€ndigen UrbanitĂ€t, die aus den Traditionen der Steppe erwĂ€chst.In 2018 the Mongolian-German Orchon-Expedition (Mongolian Academy of Sciences, National University of Mongolia, German Archaeological Institute) together with Archaeocopter (Hochschule fĂŒr Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden, Freie UniversitĂ€t Berlin) conducted large-scale surveys at the sites of the Uyghur capital Qara Balǧasun and the ancient Mongol capital of Qara Qorum. Especially the enormous size of the site of Qara Balǧasun poses a challenge for archaeological research. The unbuilt and sparsely vegetated Mongolian steppe provides ideal preconditions for image-based remote sensing methods. With off-the-shelf, relatively low-cost UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) both sites have been surveyed with thousands of overlapping aerial images. Otho-images and digital elevation models have been generated by photogrammetric methods. The results enable the distinguishing of even faintest remains of ancient constructions. For the first time a complete map of the remains of Qara Balǧasun has been achieved. This map delivers new insights concerning the Uyghur city. The area occupied by the city amounts to 44 kmÂČ. Furthermore the new map allows a better understanding of the principles of spatial order on which the city is based. While former theories assumed Iranian-Sogdian or Chinese models of city planning, it seems now, that the layout of Qara Balǧasun follows more native nomadic principles. The city is the encampment of a nomad ruler made permanent by the erection of buildings and thus an instance of a genuine steppe-nomadic kind of urbanity

    A Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus from an Uyghur well in Karabalgasun (Ordu-Baliq), Central Mongolia

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    A partial skeleton of a female Gyrfalcon, dated at 1044–1214 AD, was excavated in an abandoned well in Karabalgasun, Central Mongolia. Karabalgasun lies in the Orkhon Valley, a landscape of special symbolic, political and spiritual significance in the age of the Turk, Uyghur and Mongol empires. The falcon was interred during the reign of the Khitan (Liao) dynasty. The vertebral ribs show healed fractures, a sign that the bird was nursed in captivity. For falconry was an important element at the imperial court, the presence of the Gyrfalcon indicates the importance of the Orkhon Valley as a place of annual hunting rituals and as a sacred landscape during the reign of the Liao dynasty. The lack of wings, tail and clawed feet of the falcon carcass points towards a post-mortem decorative or ritual use of these body parts. Since Gyrfalcons do not naturally occur in Mongolia, this individual bird may have been a particular symbol of status.FOLG

    Erste Ergebnisse der Grabungen des Jahres 2013 in Karabalgasun und Karakorum / Mongolei

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    Die Mongolisch-Deutsche Karakorum-Expedition und die Mongolisch-Deutsche Orchon-Expedition als Zusammenschluss des Instituts fĂŒr ArchĂ€ologie der Mongolischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, der NationaluniversitĂ€t Ulaanbaatar und des Deutschen ArchĂ€ologischen Instituts setzten im Jahr 2013 die Erforschung der beiden großen Stadtanlagen Karabalgasun (8. / 9. Jh.) und Karakorum (13. / 14. Jh.) im mongolischen Orchontal fort. Der Artikel wird zeitnah als PDF verfĂŒgbar sein

    Karabalgasun, Mongolei. Die Ausgrabungen im Bereich der Zitadelle der alten uighurischen Hauptstadt. Die Arbeiten der Jahre 2015 bis 2017

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    Since 2013, the Mongolian-German Orchon-Expedition has been conducting research on the architectural structures of the citadel of the old Uighur capi­tal Karabalgasun (8th/9th c. AD), located in the Mongolian Orchon valley. Over the years, large parts of the building could be recorded. The artificially constructed podium, 10 m in height, was accessible through two gateways that lead into a large, paved courtyard surrounded by smaller buildings and a major, tower-like building whose remains were found in the southeastern corner. A well, more than 10 m in depth, had been preserved in the center of the courtyard. Artifacts like fragments of jade books, processed granite capitals, gilded metal objects and a bronze bell testify to the importance of the citadel as the seat of power of the former Uighur capital
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