Correcció del biaix en la relació estadística entre cabal i càrrega de fons en un riu Mediterrani amb llit de sorres

Stream loads often have to be calculated from continuous records of discharge and discontinuous or infrequent sampling of sediment or dissolved load. Several statistical analyses indicate that sediment loads estimated from log-log rating curves between discharge and concentration underestimate real loads. Underestimate increases with the degree of scatter about the rating curve. Main purposes of this work are: 'a) to illustrate the statistical bias entered during the calculation of least square regression between discharge and concentration and, b) to show how it can be removed by using a simple correction factor developed by Ferguson (1986). This procedure is tested through a real case of bedload transport in a sandy gravel-bed never (Arbúcies, Catalan Coastal Ranges). The residual analysis of the statistical relation between bedload transport rates and discharge of the Arbúcies river shows a non-linearity trend between both variables. Thus, in order to a better adjustment between those variables a simple log transformation of the parameters was achieved. The statistical bias during he back-transformed procedure was calculated to be 60%, and it was removed by applying the correction factor previously mentioned. The marked statistical bias can be attributed to the scattered nature of the data. The scatter can be related to spatial and temporal variations of sand transport partly associated to the development and migration of bedforms, especially during floods

Correcció del biaix en la relació estadística entre cabal i càrrega de fons en un riu Mediterrani amb llit de sorres

Stream loads often have to be calculated from continuous records of discharge and discontinuous or infrequent sampling of sediment or dissolved load. Several statistical analyses indicate that sediment loads estimated from log-log rating curves between discharge and concentration underestimate real loads. Underestimate increases with the degree of scatter about the rating curve. Main purposes of this work are: 'a) to illustrate the statistical bias entered during the calculation of least square regression between discharge and concentration and, b) to show how it can be removed by using a simple correction factor developed by Ferguson (1986). This procedure is tested through a real case of bedload transport in a sandy gravel-bed never (Arbúcies, Catalan Coastal Ranges). The residual analysis of the statistical relation between bedload transport rates and discharge of the Arbúcies river shows a non-linearity trend between both variables. Thus, in order to a better adjustment between those variables a simple log transformation of the parameters was achieved. The statistical bias during he back-transformed procedure was calculated to be 60%, and it was removed by applying the correction factor previously mentioned. The marked statistical bias can be attributed to the scattered nature of the data. The scatter can be related to spatial and temporal variations of sand transport partly associated to the development and migration of bedforms, especially during floods

Estimacions hidrològiques i de moviment de sediment a la riuada del 7 d'Agost de 1996 a la conca del Barranco de Arás (Pirineu aragonès)

During 7 August 1996 a summer thunderstorm with rainfall intensity up to 500 mm h-1 occurred over the 18 km2 Arás drainage basin, a mountainons torrent tributary of the Gállego river in central Pyrenees. The resultant flood peak was of the order of 500 m3 S-1, a thousandyear ietum penod discharge for the area. As a consequence, the campground located on the alluvial fan at the torrent outlet was flooded with seven-hundred people inside, causing eighty-six people death and many injured, damage on properties and great social impact. Two physical factors can be identified as main responsible for this high magnitude and low frequency event: i) the low permeability of the soil due to high moisture content caused by an unusual rainy season, which resulted in large excess of quick surface runoff and ii) in-channel high steep slopes up to 20%, which causetl flood waves at estimated velocities of 7 m S-l. The most active storm-cell was located in the headwaters Betés subbasin, which represents 20% of the catchment area but contributed 60% of the peak discharge. Specific maximum discharge in the Betés basin reached 85 m3 S-1 km-2. Mobilisation of sediment from stream bed and footslopes was also extremely high. The competence of the torrent was enough to entrain rocks up to 10 m size in some reaches, under shear stress of 10000 Pa. A minimum of 100,000 tm of coarse and fine sediment was exported out of the Arás basin, part of it stored in a series of check-dams located in the lower reaches of the torrent, part eroded from bed and banks in the drainage net. Estimated bedload transport rate at the peak discharge has been estimated around 300 kg m-1 S-1, tliree orders off magnitude higher than those recorded in mountainous torrents in the Catalan Coastal Ranges during floods

Balanç hidroquímic d'una conca mediterrània en estat seminatural: el cas de la riera d'Arbúcies

A study of hydrochemical characteristics of the Arbúcies river (a seminatural mediterranean basin) has been undertaken during 1991. Mean solute yield for each on has been determined using the correlation curves between discharge and concentration, and the flow duration curve. The hydrochemical budget of the Arbúcies drainage basin shows that the basin is a net source for all the elements. The cationic denudation rate obtained in this granitic basin is 5.24 keq/ha/year. This high rate is due to the intensive chemical weathering of the granodionte, that delivers an important amount of cations which will release to be transported. The results demostrate clearly the strength of lithological control on stream loads, particulary on the dissolved component.Es presenta un balanç hidroquímic de la riera d'Arbúcies, una conca rnediterrania semi-natural, després del primer any de monitorització. La producció anual de material dissolt per a cadascun dels ions, s'ha determinat utilitzant les corbes de correlació entre fluxe i concentració, i la taula de freqüència de cabals. El balanç químic de la riera d'Arbúcies mostra que tots els elements presenten un balanç positiu, fet que demostra que l'exportació neta positiva ha de provenir de fonts internes al sistema. La taxa de de denudació catiònica obtinguda és de 5,24 keq/ha/any, en constrast amb les taxes inferiors obtingudes en conques sobre pisarres i filites. Això és degut a la intensa meteorització química de la granodiorita, que allibera gran quantitat de cations i els deixa en situació de ser transportats. Aquest fet és conseqüència de les elevades temperatures i I'alta disponibilitat hídrica al llarg de l'any en aquesta conca. Des d'un punt de vista geomorfològic es demostra la importancia fonamental del control litològic en la càrrega de sediment dels rius, particularment sobre la part en dissoluci