Effect of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi on organic osmotic adjusment in soybean under salt stress

Research about influence of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi on organic osmotic adjustment to salinity stress in soybean has been implemented in saline land in Percut Sei Tuan sub district, Regency of Deli Serdang with EC 4-5 mmhos/cm. This study aimed to determine the effect of indigenous mycorrhizalinoculation on organic osmotic adjusment in different soybean varities. This study used Split Plot Design with two plots. The main plot was soybean varieties consist of non-selected Grobogan variety (salt-sensitive variety) and F5 selected Grobogan variety (salt-tolerant variety). Split plot was mycorrhizal inoculumconsists of 7 types of mycorrhizal inoculum namely without inoculum, Glomus sp-1, Glomus sp-2, Glomus sp-3, Glomus sp-4, Glomus sp-5, and combined of all mycorrhizal inoculum. The parameters observed were leaf proline content, reducing sugar and soluble protein. The results showed that leaf proline content,reducing sugar content and soluble protein were significantly different in soybean varieties, mycorrhizal significantly affected leaf proline content, reducing sugar and soluble protein, while the soybean varieties and mycorrhizal interaction significantly affected soluble protein content in leaves

Komposisi Senyawa Isoprenoid Pada Mangrove Sejati Minor Jenis Teruntun (Aegiceras Corniculatum (L.) Blanco) Sebagai Biomarker Di Daerah Estuarina

This study described the analyzing of composition and diversity of triterpenoid and phytosterol in North Sumatera mangrove species A. corniculatum as biomarkers and input lipids in to estuarine ecosytem. Phytosterols found in the roots and leaves of A. corniculatum were stigmasterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol, and cycloartenol. Taraxerol, β-amyrin, germanicol, betulin, α-amyrin, lopenone and lupeol were the triterpenoids identified. Betulin was the major component triterpenoids had the highest content (31,8%) in the roots. This research may provide information the composition of triterpenoid and phytosterol to contribute to estimating the lipid input and as biomarker from A. corniculatum to estuarine ecosytem

Polyisoprenoids from Avicennia marina induces on P13k, Akt1, Mammalian target of rapamycin, Egfr, and P53 Gene Expression Using Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction

BACKGROUND: According to the Global Cancer Observatory in 2018, Asia was the first to note the incidence of colon cancer, which was 51.8% of cases of colon cancer which ranked the top three in the number of causes of death in the world. Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Potential natural ingredient developed as chemotherapeutic agents includes from mangrove leaves. Studies reporting on the pharmacological activity of polyisoprenoid from mangrove species are still limited, therefore, it is essential to achieve the prospects, potential, and mechanisms polyisoprenoid in mangroves as a natural ingredient of pharmaceutical and medication. AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the inhibition activities of polyisoprenoids in mangrove plant Avicennia marina in WiDr cells induces on P13k, Akt1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Egfr, and P53 gene expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The leaves of A. marina were dried and extracted with n-hexane followed by evaporation and freeze-drying. Polyisoprenoid contents were analyzed with two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography method. Cell viability was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The cycle cell was tested with flow cytometry method. The apoptotic test was determined with a double-staining method. The gene expression on P13k, Akt1, mTOR, Egfr, and P53 was analyzed by RT-PCR method. RESULTS: The results showed that 48 h cytotoxic activity of polyisoprenoids against WiDr cells and 5-Fu (positive control) had IC50 values, 295.25 μg/mL and 17.43 μg/mL. Cell cycle analysis depicted that the inhibition of polyisoprenoid occurred in the G0-G1 phase and 5-Fu in S phase. Polyisoprenoid and 5-Fu had the same mechanism in the early apoptotic phase. RT-PCR revealed that polyisoprenoids downregulated the P13k, Akt1, mTOR, and Egfr gene expression, and however, upregulated P53 gene expression. CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed that polyisoprenoids from A. marina leaves showing as chemopreventive agents for colon cancer

Studi Perspektif Masyarakat Untuk Program Restorasi Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Desa Bogak Kecamatan Tanjung Tiram Kabupaten Batu Bara)

Studies on restoration program has been implemented in many countries which have mangrove forest. This research was design on perspective community based of Bogak villagers in it's correction to mangrove degradation and it's existence to social, economy and culture. The questionnaire was employed to analyze data using quantitative descriptive method. This research was carried out from June 2011 to March 2012. The aim of research was to study the specific condition of mangrove forest in relation to indigenous people. The result showed that 86.97% of respondents knew very well about mangrove forest, 97.32% of respondents understood the functions of mangrove forest. They were active to response in the restoration program (97.32%) and 83.52% were willing to participate in restoration program. In this study mangrove nursery was useful due to give community a direct example how to restore mangrove well.

Apoptotic with Double-Staining Test, P53, and Cyclooxygenase-2 to Proliferation Colon Cancer Cell (WiDr) of Dolichol in Three Mangrove Leaves

BACKGROUND: Mangroves secondary metabolites are mostly consisting of sterols, ubiquinones, isoprenoids, and polyisoprenoids. Polyisoprenoid is divided into two types, namely, polyprenol and dolichol, which has been reported to have biological and pharmacological activities. AIM: This research was aimed to analyze apoptosis 48 h with double staining and immunocytochemistry (ICC) 48 h of P53 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression from chemical constituents of dolichol in three mangrove leaves of Ceriops tagal, Nypa fruticans, and Rhizophora mucronata. METHODS: Apoptosis with the double-staining method was employed to analyze the genes expression in growth and development of cancer cells, P53, and COX-2 with ICC and flow cytometry method. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA parametric statistical analysis followed by Duncan’s test. RESULTS: The result revealed that the increased apoptosis of samples C. tagal was 70% fluorescence orange, while N. fruticans and R. mucronata were 35% and 30% fluorescence orange, respectively. However, it was compared with the positive control; it produced orange fluorescent as much as 75%, suggesting that C. tagal have a position similar to 5-FU. Predominance dolichol in N. fruticans and C. tagal leaves led the expression gene of p53 to have 1.57% M1 phase, indicating the domination in G0-G1 phase (70–80%). Inhibit the expression for 48 h in p53 and COX-2 showing that n-hexane extract of C. tagal had the most percentage (80.733 ± 0.11%) to upregulate the p53 and less percentage (20.16 ± 1.19%) to downregulate the COX-2, indicating positive extract belong to N. fruticans and R. mucronata leaves. CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed the pharmacological properties of dolichol from three mangrove leaves as an anticancer of tumor suppressor genes and significantly proliferated of cancer cell growth from mangrove leaves

DISTRIBUTION MAPPING OF GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT Eleusine indica IN SERDANG BEDAGAI REGENCY

The presence of Eleusine indica from oil palm plantations in Serdang Bedagai Regency has never been overall reported glyphosate-resistant. This study aims to distribution mapping and resistance classification of E. indica population to glyphosate herbicide of oil palm plantations in Serdang Bedagai Regency. This research was conducted on Weed Research Center Land in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara in October 2016 to August 2017. This research used glyphosate herbicide with the recommended dose at 720 g ai ha-1 and three replications. Population ESU0 (from Politeknik Negeri Medan Ball Field) as a comparison. Data analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. The results showed there E. indica population classified as glyphosate-resistant amount 89.36% (42 population), classified as glyphosate-resistant moderate amount 10,64% (5 population) and there is no population glyphosate-susceptible on oil palm plantations in Serdang Bedagai Regency of recommended dose at 720 g ai ha-1

Karakterisasi Senyawa Isoprenoid Dan Pertumbuhan Semai Mangrove Avicennia Alba Bl.

This study aims to determine the characterization of isoprenoid compounds in the mangrove A. alba and seedling growth of A. alba at different levels of salinity. The results showed the total lipids in the leaves of A. alba (21 mg) was higher than that in the roots (11,7 mg). Total Non Saponifiable Lipids (NSL) content in the leaves of A. alba (1,1 mg) greater than that in the roots (0,6 mg). NSL composition of A. alba consists of 3 major factions namely triterpenoids, phytosterols, and other compounds. Phytosterol composition in the leaves and roots of A. alba showed the presence of compounds such as campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. As frase for the composition triterpenoid found the presence of β-amyrin, germanicol, betulin, lupeol and α-amyrin. Phytol, cholesterol, and squalene were also found as the other compounds. The content of the NSL triterpenoid was higher than phytosterol in the leaves and roots of A. alba. The results also showed that phytol compounds had the highest content of leaves of A. alba (71.4 %) and the β-sitosterol had the highest content of root A. alba (27.8 %). Based on the analysis of the effect of salinity on seedling growth of A. alba showed that the salinity of 2% significantly affected the seedling height and diameter of 3 months of A. alba

Pengaruh Variasi Naungan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Konsentrasi Rantai Panjang Polyisoprenoid Semai Mangrove Sejati Minor Berjenis Sekresi Xylocarpus Granatum (Koenig.)

X. granatum is one of mangrove plants that may exist in extreme environments. This plant contains secondary metabolites for further study. Complete Random Design (CRD) was used with 5 treatment of light intensity (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of X. granatum seedlings. Results showed that 100% shade (0% light intensity) provided the highest growth response, but does not necessarily provided optimum growth response. The total content of polyisoprenoid in 0% shade was of 0,153 ml little bit higher than 75% of 0.144 ml. TLC analysis of the results showed that the concentrations of dolichol in treatment 0% shade was higher in the root and the leaves of X. granatum seedlings compared to 75% shade treatment

Pemanfaatan Berbagai Jenis Fungi Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Rhizophora Apiculatadi Desa Nelayan Indah Kecamatan Medan Labuhan

Mangrove rehabilitation is one of effort to save mangrove forest. Utilization of fungi as decomposer support to increase the plantation growth for rehabilitation. Fungi as microorganism may reduct material organic. The research gives information about the fungi species in which to increase the growth of R. apiculata seedlings and can be used in rehabilitation of mangrove forest. The study was conducted from September 2014 to January 2015 using a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatment application types of fungi and five replications. There are three types of fungi namely A. flavus, A.terreus, T. harzianum, and control. Utilization of T. harzianum treatment gave the best results of R. apiculata seedlings, with an average height of 17.00 cm, diameter of 0.69 cm, leaf area of 743.36 cm2, total dry weight of 29.64 g. Compared to the control with average height of 7.36 cm, 0.54 cm of diameter, leaf area of 653.31 cm2, and 27.37 g of total dry weight