Solvent Effect on Charge-transfer Emission Spectra of Dimethylaniline as Donor & Anthracene, Benzopyrene, Chrysene & Phenanthrene as Acceptors

828-83

An abstract and generalized approach to the Vitali theorem on nonmeasurable sets

summary:Here we present abstract formulations of two theorems of Solecki which deal with some generalizations of the classical Vitali theorem on nonmeasurable sets in spaces with transformation groups

Excimer Probe in the Study of Pyrene Solubilization by Fatty Acid (Capric, Lauric & Palmitic Acids) Soaps

549-55

Lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes macrophage survival by phosphorylating bad through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway

Efforts in prevention and control of tuberculosis suffer from the lack of detailed knowledge of the mechanisms used by pathogenic mycobacteria for survival within host cell macrophages. The exploitation of host cell signaling pathways to the benefit of the pathogen is a phenomenon that deserves to be looked into in detail. We have tested the hypothesis that lipoarabinomannan (LAM) from the virulent species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses the ability to modulate signaling pathways linked to cell survival. The Bcl-2 family member Bad is a proapoptotic protein. Phosphorylation of Bad promotes cell survival in many cell types. We demonstrate that man-LAM stimulates Bad phosphorylation in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K)-dependent pathway in THP-1 cells. Man-LAM activated PI-3K. LAM-stimulated phosphorylation of Bad was abrogated in cells transfected with a dominant-negative mutant of PI-3K (Δp85), indicating that activation of PI-3K is sufficient to trigger phosphorylation of Bad by LAM. Since phosphorylation of Bad occurred at serine 136, the target of the serine/threonine kinase Akt, the effect of LAM on Akt kinase activity was tested. Man-LAM could activate Akt as evidenced from phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 and by the phosphorylation of the exogenous substrate histone 2B. Akt activation was abrogated in cells transfected with Δp85. The phosphorylation of Bad by man-LAM was abrogated in cells transfected with a kinase-dead mutant of Akt. These results establish that LAM-mediated Bad phosphorylation occurs in a PI-3K/Akt-dependent manner. It is therefore the first demonstration of the ability of a mycobacterial virulence factor to up-regulate a signaling pathway involved in cell survival. This is likely to be one of a number of virulence-associated mechanisms by which bacilli control host cell apoptosis

The dilemma of using physical restraint in delirium tremens: a case report

Delirium tremens (DT) is a common presentation in tertiary care hospitals. Refractory DT, though not very common, is a dreaded presentation in any clinical setting. Usually, patients with DT respond to standard doses of benzodiazepines, but sometimes we encounter patients requiring higher than the usual dose. Also, due to the high level of agitation, confusion and hallucinatory behaviour, physical restraint is frequently used in these patients. We hereby report a case of refractory DT in whom the dilemma of using physical restraint and need for higher doses of Benzodiazepine has been highlighted

Financial stress and crude oil implied volatility: New evidence from continuous wavelet transformation framework

This study explores the theoretical possibility of co-movement and causality between crude oil implied volatility (OVX) and financial stress in a wavelet framework. The paper contributes to the existing literature in at least three possible ways: (a) First, the study considers not only composite financial stress indicators but also uses the categorical stress components such as Credit, Equity Valuation, Funding, Safe Assets and Volatility. (b) Second, the study employs a wavelet-based approach in tracking the co-movement and causality between oil and financial stress in a continuous time-frequency space. Lastly, (c) while previous studies mainly use oil price changes to assess the relationship with financial stress, the present study evaluates the role of forward-looking (30-days ahead) oil price uncertainty (proxied by OVX). The findings indicate the existence of co-movement between oil volatility and financial stress, mainly around the phases of economic turbulence. The patterns and strength of such co-movements are time-variant. The direction of the relationship is mostly positive, and the lead-lag relationship reveals that OVX tends to drive the relationship. It is further observed that the causalities between the variables are mostly bi-directional. However, relatively stronger causalities are transmitted from OVX towards FSI. Furthermore, the association between OVX and stress indicators is assessed in two different states of the economy, i.e., state of distress and tranquillity. The findings suggest that the causal co-movement intensifies majorly during the state of distress. Overall, the outcome of this study could be useful to policymakers and investors to anticipate the impending changes in the relationship to mitigate its potential adverse impact.© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed