Foreign Policy of Pakistan: a Critical Approach

This thesis examines the interlinking between identity and security in the context of foreign policy in Pakistan. Foreign policy constitutes one of key national policies in Pakistan. Since the country’s inception in 1947, foreign policy has had an unwavering influence on the construction of the state, and of her relations with the international community. The distressed conditions the new state of Pakistan faced in the years after her emergence, led the early leadership to procure security in relations with other international partners, like the US and China. Yet, it was mainly her relations with India that motivated this search for security, which was mostly translated into assembling a fairly large military force. Unsurprisingly, the armed forces, namely the army in association with a militarised intelligence started control the country’s foreign policy decisions. The study and analysis of Pakistan’s foreign policy has followed a conventional approach to International Relations theory. This approach, as the thesis argues, neither permits to investigate how foreign policy is shaped by the interlinking between security and identity, nor allows to contextualise how militarism as an ideology becomes interwoven with security, identity, and masculinity. Thus, this study uses feminist and postcolonial approaches to answer these questions. It focuses on Pakistan’s relations with China, India, and the United States to identify representations of the interlinking between security and identity, as well as representations of militarism. The thesis makes an original and innovative contribution to knowledge in three ways: it applies a feminist and postcolonial approach to the study of Pakistan’s foreign policy, an area that has hitherto been dominated by mainstream IR realist/neo-realist approaches; it puts forward an innovative approach to study the links between state identity and foreign policy, and to ascertain how militarism grows out of this relationship, and it encourages and contributes to new possibilities for study and analysis in the context of South Asian foreign politics and beyond, centred around militarism

Invertibility in groupoid C*-algebras

Given a second-countable, Hausdorff, \'etale, amenable groupoid G with compact unit space, we show that an element a in C*(G) is invertible if and only if \lambda_x(a) is invertible for every x in the unit space of G, where \lambda_x refers to the "regular representation" of C*(G) on l_2(G_x). We also prove that, for every a in C*(G), there exists some x in G^{(0)} such that ||a|| = ||\lambda_x(a)||.Comment: 8 page

O conceito de resiliência na perspetiva de enfermagem

O conceito de resiliência na saúde emergiu no princípio dos anos 80 e evoluiu integrando contributos das teorias psicanalíticas, desenvolvimentais e comportamentais. Os objetivos deste estudo são: identificar artigos escritos por enfermeiros que se debrucem sobre o conceito de resiliência e descrever a apropriação do conceito na literatura científica de enfermagem. Efetuada pesquisa em bases de dados com os descritores Resiliência e Enfermagem em janeiro de 2012. Foram selecionados 13 artigos. Verificamos que 7 artigos estudam a resiliência de forma geral, 4 estabelecem relação com outros conceitos, 2 estudam a resiliência no ciclo vital. A noção de processo dinâmico é um dado adquirido. A questão da neuroplasticidade também é abordada. São apresentadas diversas implicações para a prática clínica e investigação. Os enfermeiros estudaram o conceito de resiliência oriundo das diversas teorias, procurando clarificá-lo, encontrar pontos de consenso e contribuir para o seu desenvolvimento.El concepto de resiliencia en la salud surgió a principios de los años 80 y evolucionó integrando aportaciones de las teorías psicoanalíticas, del desarrollo y del comportamiento. Objetivo: los objetivos de este estudio son identificar artículos escritos por enfermeros enfocados en el concepto de resiliencia y describir la apropiación del concepto en la literatura científica de enfermería. Método: se realiza búsqueda en bases de datos con los descriptores "Resiliencia y Enfermería" en enero 2012. Fueron seleccionados 13 artículos. Resultados: comprobamos que 7 estudian la resiliencia de modo general, 4 establecen relación con otros conceptos y 2 estudian la resiliencia en el ciclo de vida. La noción de proceso dinámico es un hecho y también se analiza el tema de la neuroplasticidad. Se presentan diversas implicaciones para la práctica clínica y la investigación. Los enfermeros estudiarán el concepto de resiliencia derivado de varias teorías y tratarán de aclararlo, de encontrar puntos de consenso y de contribuir a su desarrollo.The notion of resilience in health emerged at the beginning of 1980s and was later developed with the integration of psychoanalytical, developmental and behavioral theories. Purpose: The present study aimed at identifying articles by nurses focused on the resilience notion and describing its adoption in nursing scientific literature. Methods: A search in databases with the descriptors "Resilience and Nursing" was performed in January 2012. Thirteen papers were selected. Results: Seven papers investigated resilience in general terms, 4 related resilience with other concepts and 2 evaluated resilience in the cycle of life. The notion of a dynamic process is a fact and neuroplasticity concept is also analyzed. Several implications for clinical practice and research are reported. Nurses will study the concept of resilience based on several theories and will try to clarify it, and to find consensual items and contribute to its development

Outcompeting Traditional Peers? Scholarly Social Networks and Academic Output

In this paper we evaluate the interplay between scholarly social networking and academic output. To this end, we tested the hypotheses that the activity of users on scholarly social networks is associated with academic output, and that the intra-or interdisciplinary background of scholars affects academic output and online activity. The quantitative data used for this study was collected from the publicly-accessible scholarly social network HASTAC and complemented with a qualitative survey collected from 123 students and recent alumni of the HASTAC Scholars Program. After processing the different sources of data, we rejected the hypotheses that academic output and activity on scholarly social networks are affected by scholar's intra-or interdisciplinary backgrounds, but our results partially support the hypothesis that activity in scholarly networks is associated with academic output. Finally, we discuss the generalizability of our findings and argue that online activity and academic output are both likely driven by networked Scholars committed to academic research

Dor em pediatria: papel do enfermeiro … evidência e boas práticas

Palestra em Workshop organizado pela secção regional do Norte dos enfermeiro

Digital Journalism and Tabloid Journalism

In this chapter I review the legacy of tabloid journalism in the context of digital media and discuss the transition from the strong editorial identity of tabloid newsprint to content curation that is both user-generated and created by paid staff members. Although the terms broadsheet and tabloid stem initially from paper size and format, I rely on this distinction to refer to editorial decisions that define newspapers’ journalism standards, setting quality press (broadsheets) apart from popular newspapers (tabloids). I describe the heyday of tabloid journalism in the early twenty-first century, when newspapers shifted toward compact, visually appealing, and commuter-friendly editions featuring fewer stories with fewer words on each page and making space for the use of photography in storytelling. These structural changes to the process of newsmaking are reviewed in the context of the introduction of social networking technologies that once again disrupted newsmaking, with social media audiences behaving differently from the traditional readership of broadsheets and tabloids. I inquire whether entertainment-focused websites like Upworthy and BuzzFeed are positioned to displace the traditional tabloid media by churning out viral content that is mostly short, highly visual, sharable, and mostly accessed through mobile devices. In short, this chapter reviews the key assumptions underlying the opposition between broadsheet and tabloid in the context of digital journalism and offers a discussion on viral news websites and the personalization of news amplified by fragmented networked audiences. The article offers a contribution to the understanding of the world of tabloid journalism in the context of digital media