Late retinal redetachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy after more than one decade

A 44-year-old Malay lady presented with recent onset of inferior field defect for a week. Vision was 6/18, N18. She gave a history of myopia and two prior retinal detachment surgeries twelve years previously following which the retina was flat. Subsequently, the vision reduced to hand motions as the macula became involved. She then underwent successful re-attachment vitrectomy surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment due to superior retinal breaks in association with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) Grade B. We share this interesting case of retinal redetachment in a previously vitrectomised eye that was stable during follow up for more than 10 years. This was associated with late onset PVR. Counselling of patients on the symptoms of redetachment due to late onset PVR is mandatory in patients after retinal detachment surgery

The Development of a Valid and Reliable Measure of Technological Literacy for Adults

All people interact with technology on a daily basis. A technologically literate population is not only important for the individual, but also for businesses, organizations, and policy makers by supporting a modern workforce, enhancing social well-being, narrowing the digital divide, increasing citizen participation, and improving decision making (Pearson et al., 2002). The Standards for Technological Literacy, Characteristics of a Technologically Literate Citizen, and Characteristics of a Technological Literacy Person were utilized to develop a measurement tool designed specifically for technological literacy in adults. Technological literacy was defined as including three dimensions (Knowledge, Capabilities, and Critical Thinking). These dimensions formed a conceptual framework which guided the development of a pool of potential items. Expert review and focus group feedback was used for revision. A sample of 208 Midwest college students enrolled in a general education technological literacy course responded to the items and also took two existing measures which assess similar constructs (the Survey of Technological Literacy and the Technology Inventory Profile). Analysis of their data guided final item selection and suggests that the new measure is valid and reliable. The Adult Technological Literacy Scale can be used for research, student placement, and course evaluation

Pendampingan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi sebagai Upaya Digitalisasi Produk pada UMKM Omah Batik Sukun

Omah Batik Sukun is one of the MSMEs in batik production. This MSME experienced a decline in sales due to the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. The pandemic for 2 years has caused orders and of course batik production to decrease. Based on this, the service team provides assistance in the use of information technology to increase sales of batik product. Digital marketing is used to promote and introduce to the wider community about batik product. The method used in this service is the method of consultation and science and technology diffusion. This method consists of 3 processes, namely pre-production, production and post-production processes. This service was carried out for 2 months, in January and February 2022. The result of this service activity was a video profile production which was uploaded to YouTube, an Instagram account containing Omah Batik Sukun MSME products and a digital catalogue. The impact of implementing this activity is that there is an increase in the knowledge of Batik Sukun MSME managers regarding digital marketing, an increase in sales of 30%, the number of buyers increasing to 3 cities, and the community starting to become familiar with this batik product, around 30% are starting to recognize this batik. ABSTRAKOmah Batik Sukun merupakan salah satu UMKM yang bergerak di bidang produksi batik. UMKM ini mengalami penurunan penjualan karena pengaruh pandemi covid-19 di tahun 2020 dan 2021. Pandemi selama 2 tahun ini menyebabkan pesanan dan juga tentu saja produksi batik berkurang. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tim pengabdi melakukan pendampingan dalam pemanfaatan teknologi informasi untuk meningkatkan penjualan batik ini. Penggunaan digital marketing dimanfaatkan untuk mempromosikan sekaligus memperkenalkan ke masyarakat luas mengenai batik ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah metod konsultasi dan difusi iptek. Metode ini terdiri dari 3 proses, yaitu proses pra produksi, produksi dan pasca produksi. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan, yaitu pada bulan Januari dan Februari 2022. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah menghasilkan satu video profil yang sudah diunggah di youtube, akun Instagram yang berisi produk UMKM Omah Batik Sukun dan katalog digital. Dampak dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah adanya peningkatan pengetahuan pengelola UMKM Batik Sukun terkait digital marketing, peningkatan penjualan sebesar 30%, jumlah pembeli meningkat menjadi 3 kota, dan mulai dikenalnya produk batik ini di masyarakat yaitu sekitar 30% mulai mengenal batik ini

Case report: progression of pre-septal cellulitis to orbital subperiosteal abscess despite intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics in a child

We report a case of a 7-year-old girl who initially presented with painless right eyelid swelling with full extra-ocular movement (EOM). She was treated with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics for preseptal cellulitis but her condition worsened. An urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbit showed orbital abscess, subperiosteal abscess in the medial orbital wall and evidence of sinusitis in the anterior ethmoidal air cells. She underwent Endoscopic Orbital Decompression (EOD) surgery on day 4 of presentation and her condition improved remarkably. We report a case of orbital abscess with subperiosteal abscess in the medial orbital wall. This case highlights the possibility of progression of orbital cellulitis despite administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic

Dislocated posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP)

Subluxation or dislocation of PCIOL is one of the complications of cataract operation in RP patients. This paper reports the presentation of PCIOL dislocation and subluxation and the management and outcome in 3 eyes of 2 RP patients. Two medical records of patients with RP who developed dislocated or subluxated PCIOL and subsequently underwent explantation of the dropped IOL were evaluated. Two patients had bilateral eye cataract operation done and had PCIOL implanted. Patient 1 developed left eye subluxated PCIOL inferiorly after 2 years of the cataract operation and right eye dislocated PCIOL anteriorly 4 years after cataract operation. Patient 2 develop right eye subluxated PCIOL inferiorly after 12 years of the cataract operation. Patient 1 with right eye dislocated PCIOL underwent intraocular lens (IOL) explantation and was left aphakic as her visual prognosis was poor due to advanced RP. The left IOL remained within the visual axis despite subluxation and no intervention has been done. Patient 2 with right eye subluxated PCIOL underwent IOL explantation and anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) implantation. ACIOL remained stable and visual acuity improved post-operation. Both the operations were uneventful. Post-operatively, there was no elevated intraocular pressure and no prolonged ocular inflammation, which required prolonged anti-inflammatory and no retinal detachment was seen. Both patient and surgeon should be aware of potential PCIOL subluxation or dislocation in RP. The presentation may be as late as more than a decade after the cataract operation

Retinal break adjacent to the optic disc causing retinal detachment in a pathological myopia

Retinal detachment is one of the common complications of pathological myopia due to presence of retinal break. However, retinal break commonly occurs in the peripheral retina. This case report illustrates the rare incidence of retinal break adjacent to the optic disc, highlights the possible causes of poor visual outcome following surgical repair as well as the possible measures to treat the complications

Intra-operative phacoemulsification conversion to extracapsular cataract extraction: risk factors and visual outcome

Phacoemulsification (PEA) is currently the procedure of choice for most cataract extraction. However, intra-operative complications may require the procedure to be converted to extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). We have evaluated the indications for conversion and visual outcomes in cases converted from phacoemulsification to ECCE. A retrospective review was performed on 33 eyes in which phacoemulsification was initiated and then converted to ECCE. The main parameters evaluated were indications for conversion and visual outcomes at 3 months. Thirty-three cases out of 1448 operations were identified from January 2013 to February 2014.The incidence of PEA converted to ECCE was 2.2%. The indications for ECCE conversion were posterior capsular rupture (PCR) in twenty-two cases, combined capsulorhexis extension with PCR in three cases, capsulorhexis extension and zonular dialysis in two cases respectively. Combined zonular dialysis with PCR, corneal toxicity, Descemet’s tear and obscured edge of capsulorhexis had one case each. Twenty-six (78%) cases had gain in vision, one (3%) case had unchanged vision and six (18%) cases had worsening of vision. The incidence of complicated phacoemulsification surgery requiring intra-operative conversion to ECCE was low in our study (2.2%). Seventy-eight percent of cases achieved final VA of 6/12 or better. Therefore, early recognition of complications and timely intra-operative conversion of PEA to ECCE may result in good visual outcome

Patterns of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy among a multiracial population in a Malaysian hospital

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a retinal disorder characterized by aneurismal polypoidal lesions in choroidal vasculature. PCV appears to preferentially affect pigmented individuals and is considerably high among Asians. Most reports on patterns of PCV around Asia are based on a homogenous race (e.g. Chinese, Japanese) and very few descriptions from a multiracial population like those seen in Malaysia. The present study aimed to describe the demographic features, clinical and investigative characteristics of PCV in a multiracial group at Universiti Kebangsaaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Ninety one eyes of 86 PCV patients, comprising of Chinese (65.1%), Malays (31.4%), Indians (2.3%) and Eurasian (1.2%) were retrospectively reviewed. All underwent complete ophthalmic examination and investigations. Mean patient age was 70.4 years with a male preponderance (59.3%), and mostly unilateral presentation (94.1%). The logMAR mean presenting visual acuity was 0.78 ± 0.64. Polypoidal vascular lesions were located generally within the macula area (86.8%), manifesting mainly as submacular hemorrhage (59.3%). Interestingly a number of eyes (43.9%) had associated drusen. Optical coherence tomography largely demonstrated exudative changes (75.9%) and almost all patients (97.7%) had loss of external limiting membrane (ELM) and IS/OS interface. On indocyanine green angiography, majority of eyes had multiple polyps (82.4%) with ‘cluster’ (58.2%) being the commonest configuration. In conclusion, although the patterns of PCV in UKMMC were mainly similar to other Asian patients, a number of our patients had associated drusen. This indicates that PCV in our population could be a variant of neovascular age related macular degeneration and not solely idiopathic in nature

Sub-tenon Anaesthesia versus Intracameral Anaesthesia in Patients Undergoing Cataract Extraction: A Comparative Study of the Level of Pain, Visual Perception and Anxiety

Background: Phacoemulsification is a modern method of cataract extraction. Sub-tenon anaesthesia used to be the preferred anaesthetic technique for this procedure before intracameral anaesthesia gained its popularity in recent years. Nevertheless, many surgeons still believe that sub-tenon anaesthesia is better than topical anaesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the experiences of patients who were treated for cataract by phacoemulsification surgery using either sub-tenon or intracameral anaesthesia. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire within 1-2 hours following surgery. The questionnaires were designed to gather information on the patient’s level of anxiety, visual perception and amount of pain experienced during cataract surgery. Results: A total of 62 patients were included in the study. Thirty-one patients received anaesthesia by sub-tenon injection, whereas another 31 patients received anaesthesia by intracameral injection. There were no significant differences in the level of pain experienced by the two groups of patients during instillation of anaesthesia and during surgery (p=0.205 and p=0.592, respectively). There were also no significant differences in terms of visual perception and anxiety levels during surgery between the two groups (p=0.178 and p=0.731, respectively). Conclusion: Intracameral anaesthesia obviates the need for an injection during cataract surgery and is as comfortable for patients as sub-tenon anaesthesia in terms of visual perception, level of pain, and anxiety