Sprouty1 regulates reversible quiescence of a self-renewing adult muscle stem cell pool during regeneration.

Satellite cells are skeletal muscle stem cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation after transplantation, but whether they contribute to endogenous muscle fiber repair has been unclear. The transcription factor Pax7 marks satellite cells and is critical for establishing the adult satellite cell pool. By using a lineage tracing approach, we show that after injury, quiescent adult Pax7(+) cells enter the cell cycle; a subpopulation returns to quiescence to replenish the satellite cell compartment, while others contribute to muscle fiber formation. We demonstrate that Sprouty1 (Spry1), a receptor tyrosine kinase signaling inhibitor, is expressed in quiescent Pax7(+) satellite cells in uninjured muscle, downregulated in proliferating myogenic cells after injury, and reinduced as Pax7(+) cells re-enter quiescence. We show that Spry1 is required for the return to quiescence and homeostasis of the satellite cell pool during repair. Our results therefore define a role for Spry1 in adult muscle stem cell biology and tissue repair

A phenomenological study into the experience of their sexuality by males with spinal cord injury: research

On reviewing the literature on spinal cord injury (SCI) and sexuality in males, there was found to be a plethora of research in physical domains. Sadly, the psychological aspect of sexuality for men who experience SCI has been largely neglected. For this reason a phenomenological study was conducted to understand the experience of sexuality in its totality for the male who experiences SCI. Four males with SCI were included in the study. Central themes that emerged from the transcribed interviews included the establishment of an existential baseline, diminished independence and perceptions of masculinity post-injury. Participants also divulged needs pertaining to their (potential) relationships. Lastly, religion and certain coping mechanisms were found to either facilitate or hinder sexuality post-trauma depending on their rigidity and effectiveness respectively. Die studie van literatuur oor rugmurgbesering (RMB) en seksualiteit by mans, het 'n magdom navorsing oor die fisieke aspekte opgelewer. Ongelukkig is die sielkundige aspekte rondom seksualiteit by mans met RMB grootliks afgeskeep. Derhalwe is 'n fenomenologiese studie onderneem ten einde die man met RMB se ervaring van seksualiteit in sy geheel te ondersoek. Onderhoude is met vier mans wat RMB het gevoer. Sentrale temas wat uit die onderhoude voortvloei, sluit die vasstel van 'n eksistensi?le basislyn in, asook verminderde onafhanklikheid en veranderde beskouings oor manlikheid na die besering. Deelnemers het ook hulle behoeftes met betrekking tot hulle (potensi?le) verhoudings aangedui. Laastens is daar gevind dat godsdiens en sekere hanteringsmeganismes 'n positiewe of negatiewe impak kan h? op seksualiteit, afhangend van die rigiditeit en effektiwiteit daarvan. Keywords: Spinal cord injury, Sexuality, Males, Phenomenology, Experience (Health SA Gesondheid: interdisciplinary research journal: 2003 8(4): 3-11

Erectile dysfunction and relationships : views of men with erectile dysfunction and their partners

There has been limited previous research that has examined the views of both men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and their partners on the impact of ED on their sexuality, relationship and general functioning. The current study was designed to evaluate the above variables among men with ED and their partners. Participants for the current study were 40 heterosexual men with ED and their partners. All participants completed a questionnaire that evaluated their reaction to ED, their past and current sexual activity, their sexual and relationship satisfaction as well as their levels of self-esteem and quality of life (QOL). The results demonstrated that both men with ED and their partners reported a reduction in their levels of sexual activity since the development of ED and that they wanted to seek a solution to the problem. Men with ED demonstrated lower levels of self-esteem, QOL and sexual satisfaction than their partners but there were no differences between the partners in their level of relationship satisfaction. These findings demonstrate that ED has an impact on both the man and his partner. They also indicate the importance of including the man\u27s partner in the assessment and treatment of ED. <br /

A retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of identification and management of sepsis at a district-level hospital internal medicine department in the Western Cape Province, South Africa...

Full Title: A retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of identification and management of sepsis at a district-level hospital internal medicine department in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, in comparison with the guidelines stipulated in the 2012 Surviving Sepsis CampaignBackground. Currently there is little information on the identification, management and outcomes of patients with sepsis in developing countries. Simple cost-effective measures such as accurate identification of patients with sepsis and early antibiotic administration are achievable targets, within reach without having to make use of unsustainable protocols constructed in developed countries.Objectives. To assess the ability of clinicians at a district-level hospital to identify and manage sepsis, and to assess patient outcome in terms of in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay given the above management.Methods. A retrospective descriptive study design was used, analysing data from the routine burden of disease audit done on a 3-monthly basis at Karl Bremer Hospital (KBH) in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.Results. The total sample size obtained was 70 patients, of whom 18 (25.7%) had an initial triage blood pressure indicative of sepsis-induced hypotension. However, only 1 (5.5%) of these 18 patients received an initial crystalloid fluid bolus of at least 30 mL/kg. The median time that elapsed before administration of antibiotics in septic shock was 4.25 hours. Furthermore, a positive delay in antibiotic administration (p=0.0039) was demonstrated. The data also showed that 8/12 patients (66.7%) with septic shock received inappropriate amounts of fluids. The in-hospital mortality rate for sepsis was 4/24 (16.7%), for severe sepsis 11/34 (32.3%) and for septic shock a staggering 9/12 (75.0%).Conclusions. The initial classification process and management of sepsis by clinicians at KBH is flawed. This inevitably leads to an increase in in-hospital mortality

Accounting B

Exam paper for second semeste