F–Geometric Mean Graphs

In a study of traffic, the labelling problems in graph theory can be used by considering the crowd at every junction as the weights of a vertex and expected average traffic in each street as the weight of the corresponding edge. If we assume the expected traffic at each street as the arithmetic mean of the weight of the end vertices, that causes mean labelling of the graph. When we consider a geometric mean instead of arithmetic mean in a large population of a city, the rate of growth of traffic in each street will be more accurate. The geometric mean labelling of graphs have been defined in which the edge labels may be assigned by either flooring function or ceiling function. In this, the readers will get some confusion in finding the edge labels which edge is assigned by flooring function and which edge is assigned by ceiling function. To avoid this confusion, we establish the F-geometric mean labelling on graphs by considering the edge labels obtained only from the flooring function. An F-Geometric mean labelling of a graph G with q edges, is an injective function from the vertex set of G to {1, 2, 3,..., q +1} such that the edge labels obtained from the flooring function of geometric mean of the vertex labels of the end vertices of each edge, are all distinct and the set of edge labels is {1, 2, 3,..., q}. A graph is said to be an F–Geometric mean graph if it admits an F–Geometric mean labelling. In this paper, we study the F-geometric meanness of the graphs such as cycle, star graph, complete graph, comb, ladder, triangular ladder, middle graph of path, the graphs obtained from duplicating arbitrary vertex by a vertex as well as arbitrary edge by an edge in the cycle and subdivision of comb and star graph

A Novel Framework for Visual Detection and Exploration of Performance Bottlenecks in Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cell Materials

Current characterization methods of the so-called Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ), which is the main material of Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells, are limited to the analysis of global fabrication parameters. This reduces the efficiency of the BHJ design process, since it misses critical information about the local performance bottlenecks in the morphology of the material. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that fills this gap through visual characterization and exploration of local structure-performance correlations. We also propose a formula that correlates the structural features with the performance bottlenecks. Since research into BHJ materials is highly multidisciplinary, our framework enables a visual feedback strategy that allows scientists to build intuition about the best choices of fabrication parameters. We evaluate the usefulness of our proposed system by obtaining new BHJ characterizations. Furthermore, we show that our approach could substantially reduce the turnaround time

Transfer Operator Theoretic Framework for Monitoring Building Indoor Environment in Uncertain Operating Conditions

Dynamical system-based linear transfer Perron- Frobenius (P-F) operator framework is developed to address analysis and design problems in the building system. In particular, the problems of fast contaminant propagation and optimal placement of sensors in uncertain operating conditions of indoor building environment are addressed. The linear nature of transfer P-F operator is exploited to develop a computationally efficient numerical scheme based on the finite dimensional approximation of P-F operator for fast propagation of contaminants. The proposed scheme is an order of magnitude faster than existing methods that rely on simulation of an advection-diffusion partial differential equation for contami- nant transport. Furthermore, the system-theoretic notion of observability gramian is generalized to nonlinear flow fields using the transfer P-F operator. This developed notion of observability gramian for nonlinear flow field combined with the finite dimensional approximation of P-F operator is used to provide a systematic procedure for optimal placement of sensors under uncertain operating conditions. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the developed framework on the IEA-annex 2D benchmark problem

Performance Comparisons of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a network temporarily without any support of central administration. Moreover, Every node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop network topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc...which have been proposed for providing communication among all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR based on metrics such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay by using the NS-2 simulator.Comment: 9 Pages,10 Figures, 3 Table

Parameter Impacts of Martensitic Structure on Tensile Strength and Hardness of TIG Welded SS410 with characterized SEM Consequences

Consuming various TIG welding settings, the impact of mechanical properties on the butt joint of 410-Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate is explored. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness are evaluated on the welded butt junction plates using three levels of 200 A, 220 A and 240 A welding currents and the electrode diameters of 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mm and four factor parameters of inputs. Welding current, wire feed rate, electrode diameter, and gas flow rate are set as input parameters. The optimal input responses of welding current, electrode diameter, wire feed rate, and gas flow rate are employed over the 27 sample specimens based on array L27 Design of Experiment tool. The input parameters 240 A of welding current have improved significantly over the structural changes on martensitic form which is evidenced by their multiple SEM Micrographs, as it can be seen in the Hardness up to maximum of 512 BHN and the Tensile strength of 1090 N/mm2 outcomes

Output Mode Switching for Parallel Five-bar Manipulators Using a Graph-based Path Planner

The configuration manifolds of parallel manipulators exhibit more nonlinearity than serial manipulators. Qualitatively, they can be seen to possess extra folds. By projecting such manifolds onto spaces of engineering relevance, such as an output workspace or an input actuator space, these folds cast edges that exhibit nonsmooth behavior. For example, inside the global workspace bounds of a five-bar linkage appear several local workspace bounds that only constrain certain output modes of the mechanism. The presence of such boundaries, which manifest in both input and output projections, serve as a source of confusion when these projections are studied exclusively instead of the configuration manifold itself. Particularly, the design of nonsymmetric parallel manipulators has been confounded by the presence of exotic projections in their input and output spaces. In this paper, we represent the configuration space with a radius graph, then weight each edge by solving an optimization problem using homotopy continuation to quantify transmission quality. We then employ a graph path planner to approximate geodesics between configuration points that avoid regions of low transmission quality. Our methodology automatically generates paths capable of transitioning between non-neighboring output modes, a motion which involves osculating multiple workspace boundaries (local, global, or both). We apply our technique to two nonsymmetric five-bar examples that demonstrate how transmission properties and other characteristics of the workspace can be selected by switching output modes.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Beche-de-mer industry and export: Present status of the Beche-de-mer industry In the Palk bay and the Gulf of Mannar

A survey was conducted to study the present status of the beche-de-mer from Adirampatnam to Cape Comorin. At present processing of holothurians is carried out from Rameswaram to Sethubhavachatram in Palk Bay and from Pamban to Tuticorin in the Gulf of Mannar. In the Palk Bay, Rameswaram and Thirupalakudi are the most important centres and in the Gulf of Mannar, Kilakarai, Periapatnam and Tuticorin are important centres. Mostly Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra is processed. Very small quantities of Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera and Bohadschia marmorata are also processed. The exploitation is more on the Palk Bay than in the Gulf of Mannar. In most of the places there are indications of overfishing. At present the resource remains untapped from a vast stretch in the Gulf of Mannar from Kilakarai to Tuticorin. The present-day catch and effort from various processing centres are presented