The Effect of G-ORS Along With Rice Soup in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The world health organization guidelines for treatment of diarrhea in children emphasize on continued feeding together with prescription of oral rehydration solution (ORS) and supplementary zinc therapy. However, conflicting viewpoints exist regarding the optimal diet and dietary ingredients for children with diarrhea. Moreover, few studies have investigated the effect of rice soup along with ORS in the treatment of this disease. Objectives: This study aimed to explore effects of simultaneous taking of glucose oral rehydration solution (G-ORS) and rice soup in the treatment of acute diarrhea in 8 to 24-month-old children. Patients and Methods: This single-blind controlled clinical trial was conducted in the pediatric ward of 22nd of Bahman hospital, Gonabad, Iran between June 2013 and February 2014. Forty children aged 8-24 months with acute diarrhea were randomly assigned into an intervention group (G-ORS plus rice soup group) comprising 20 babies and a control group (G-ORS) of 20 children based on balanced blocking randomization. The variables under investigation were diarrhea duration, patient hospitalization, need for intravenous (IV) fluids and stool output frequency. Data was analyzed using independent samples t and chi-square test. Results: At the end of study, the time for treating acute watery diarrhea in the intervention and control groups were 21.10 ± 8.81 and 34.55 ± 5.82 hours (P < 0.001) and hospital stay were 34.05 ± 6.62 and 40.20 ± 6.32 hours (P = 0.005). Moreover, stool output frequency were 4.20 ± 0.95 and 8.00 ± 1.37 (P < 0.001) in the first 24 hours, and 2.18 ± 0.60 and 2.80 ± 0.76 (P = 0.03) in the second 24 hours of treatment in intervention and control groups, respectively. Conclusions: Rice soup regimen was highly effective and inexpensive in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. Thus, in addition to the common treatment by G-ORS, rice soup can be consumed simultaneously with G-ORS

Comparing Effect of Safranal and Diazepam in Reducing Preoperative Anxiety and Improving Vital Symptoms

Aim: Preoperative anxiety is an unpleasant manner created by fear of surgery. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of diazepam pill with Safranal in reducing preoperative anxiety and improving vital symptoms. Material and Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 54 patients who were candidates of urology surgery (varicocele) in 15th Khordad Hospital, Gonabad, Iran, were selected by purposive sampling method, using a randomized numbers table; they were divided into intervention (n=29) and control group (n=25). The patients in intervention group received 15mg Safranal and the patients in control group received 5mg oral diazepam 3 hours before surgery. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire was completed by the patients prior to the intervention and just at the entrance to the surgery room, and the vital symptoms of the patient were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software, using of Chi-square and independent sample t-test. Findings: After intervention, the trait anxiety in the Safranal group was significantly lower than diazepam group (p=0.007) and before the intervention (p=0.002). Also, diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the Safranal group compared with the diazepam group (p=0.049). Conclusion: Saffranal consumption before surgery is more effective than diazepam consumption in reducing the trait anxiety, but it does not affect state anxiety. Also, compared to diazepam, Saffranal consumption leads to a more reduction in diastolic blood pressure, while it does not affect systolic blood pressure and heart rate

Removal of aniline as a health-toxic substance from polluted water by aloe vera waste-based activated carbon

Aniline is a toxic chemical compound and one of the common pollutants found in the effluents from the pharmaceutical, pesticide, dyestuff, petrochemicals and agrochemical industries. The aim of this study was to investigate the sorption of aniline using Aloe Vera wastes-based activated carbon (AV-AC) from water. In this batch study, the effects of various factors including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage and initial aniline concentrations were surveyed on the aniline sorption. The results illustrated that the optimum pH and contact time for the removal of aniline by AV-AC was obtained at 3 and 60 min, respectively. The decrease of pH had a significant influence on the increasing aniline adsorption. Fitting the experimental data to various kinetics and isotherms models showed that the experimental data were better descripted by pseudo-second order and Freundlich models, respectively. Because of low-cost, eco-friendly, non-toxicity and high sorption capacity, this sorbent can be used as a very effective option to removal of aniline from aqueous media

Effect of Local Heat on Pain Intensity of Heel-Blood Sampling in Term Newborns

Aims Newborns are more sensitive to pain than adults and are more susceptible to the long-term complications of pain. So, it is necessary to use procedures for reducing pain in newborns. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of local heat on the pain intensity of heel-blood sampling in the term newborns. Materials & Methods In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, in 2012, 63 healthy 3 to 5-day newborns who were referred to Shahid Delkhah Health Center in Ferdows were selected by random sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups (21 people in each group): test (heat), placebo (sound) and control. The pain intensity of newborns before, during and after heel-blood sampling was evaluated. The data collection tools were demographic questionnaire and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Data were analyzed by SPSS 14.5 software and chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, and ANOVA with repeated observations. Findings The mean pain intensity in the three groups was not significantly different before intervention (p=0.86), but the mean pain intensity was lower in the test group than in the other two groups (p=0.006). After heel-blood sampling, the mean pain intensity was the least in the test group and was the most in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion Local heat during and after heel blood sampling decreases pain intensity in the term newborns

The effect of local heat on term neonates pain intensity during heel-blood sampling

Aims Newborns are more sensitive to pain than adults and are more susceptible to the long-term complications of pain. So, it is necessary to use procedures for reducing pain in newborns. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of local heat on the pain intensity of heel-blood sampling in the term newborns. Materials & Methods In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, in 2012, 63 healthy 3 to 5-day newborns who were referred to Shahid Delkhah Health Center in Ferdows were selected by random sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups (21 people in each group): test (heat), placebo (sound) and control. The pain intensity of newborns before, during and after heel-blood sampling was evaluated. The data collection tools were demographic questionnaire and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Data were analyzed by SPSS 14.5 software and chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, and ANOVA with repeated observations. Findings The mean pain intensity in the three groups was not significantly different before intervention (p=0.86), but the mean pain intensity was lower in the test group than in the other two groups (p=0.006). After heel-blood sampling, the mean pain intensity was the least in the test group and was the most in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion Local heat during and after heel blood sampling decreases pain intensity in the term newborns

The effect of local heat on term neonates pain intensity during heel-blood sampling

Aims: Newborns are more sensitive to pain than adults and are more susceptible to the long-term complications of pain. So, it is necessary to use procedures for reducing pain in newborns. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of local heat on the pain intensity of heel-blood sampling in the term newborns. Material & Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, in 2012, 63 healthy 3 to 5-day newborns who were referred to Shahid Delkhah Health Center in Ferdows were selected by random sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups (21 people in each group): test (heat), placebo (sound) and control. The pain intensity of newborns before, during and after heel-blood sampling was evaluated. The data collection tools were demographic questionnaire and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Data were analyzed by SPSS 14.5 software and chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and ANOVA with repeated observations. Finding: The mean pain intensity in the three groups was not significantly different before intervention (p=0.86), but the mean pain intensity was lower in the test group than in the other two groups (p=0.006). After heel-blood sampling, the mean pain intensity was the least in the test group and was the most in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Local heat during and after heel blood sampling decreases pain intensity in the term newborns