Factores socio jurídicos determinantes en la ineficacia de la conciliación judicial laboral durante el estado de emergencia en la ciudad de Trujillo

La investigación denominada “Factores socio jurídicos determinantes en la ineficacia de la conciliación judicial laboral durante el estado de emergencia en la ciudad de Trujillo”; surge ante una realidad problemática de naturaleza socio – jurídica evidenciada en nuestra sociedad, que llevó a formular la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué factores socio jurídicos son determinantes en la ineficacia de la conciliación judicial laboral durante el estado de emergencia en la ciudad de Trujillo? Los métodos utilizados en la investigación fueron: los métodos lógicos y los métodos jurídicos. Así mismo, las técnicas utilizadas en la investigación fueron: el análisis documental de doctrina y normativa laboral, y, la encuesta; técnicas que se llevaron a cabo mediante instrumentos como son: el protocolo de análisis y el cuestionario. Los resultados de la investigación están relacionados con los objetivos propuestos, y, la hipótesis encuentra corroboración a partir de los instrumentos utilizados. La conclusión más importante fue, que, la ineficacia de la conciliación judicial se debe a múltiples factores, entre los que destacan los de tipo socio jurídico, como: el poder económico de la parte empleadora, la idiosincrasia litigiosa del abogado patrocinador, la inadecuada formación del conciliador judicial, la obligatoriedad de la presencia del abogado del prestador de servicios demandante, y, los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos originados por la pandemia.The research called ""Determining socio-legal factors in the ineffectiveness of labor judicial conciliation during the state of emergency in the city of Trujillo""; arises before a problematic reality of a socio-legal nature evidenced in our society, which led to the following question: What socio-legal factors are determining factors in the ineffectiveness of the labor judicial conciliation during the state of emergency in the city of Trujillo? The methods used in the investigation were: logical methods and legal methods. Likewise, the techniques used in the investigation were: the documentary analysis of labor doctrine and regulations, and the survey; techniques that were carried out through instruments such as: the analysis protocol and the questionnaire. The results of the investigation are related to the proposed objectives, and the hypothesis finds corroboration from the instruments used. The most important conclusion was that the ineffectiveness of judicial conciliation is due to multiple factors, among which those of a socio-legal nature stand out, such as: the economic power of the employer, the litigious idiosyncrasy of the sponsoring lawyer, inadequate training of the judicial conciliator, the mandatory presence of the lawyer of the plaintiff service provider, and the neuropsychiatric disorders caused by the pandemic.Tesi

Flora and vegetation of the National Reserve Lago Peñuelas, Biosphere Reserve, Region of Valparaiso, Chile

The National Reserve Lago Peñuelas belongs to the National System of Protected Wild Areas, located in the Region of Valparaiso, Chile. This unit, together with the National Park La Campana, constitutes a Biosphere Reserve. The flora and vegetation of the National Reserve was studied. The study registered 163 species of vascular plants, of which 48 are new records. Considering the studies and previous reports made in situ, the floristic richness reaches 337 species, of which 72% are native; eight of them are pteridophytes, two are gimnospermae, 229 are dicotyledoneae and 98 are monocotyledoneae. This represents a high floristic diversity. Nevertheless, the high proportion of aloctonous plants indicates a relative high degree of anthropic disturbance. Fourteen species have conservation problems (two of them are threatened, eleven are vulnerable and one is data deficient). The total phytosociology of the place reports the presence of 20 plant communities, ten of which are herbaceous, seven scrub and three tree communities; of these, 12 have already been described in previous works, adding the present study eight new associations for the place. It is proposed to keep as restricted areas the sector of Los Lirios, which contains most of the threatened species, and the sector of Vega del Alamo, because of its valuable condition as a relict of the hygrophilous forest present.La Reserva Nacional Lago Peñuelas es una unidad del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Estado ubicada en la Región de Valparaíso, Chile. Esta unidad, junto al Parque Nacional La Campana, constituye una Reserva de la Biósfera. Se estudió la flora y vegetación de esta Reserva Nacional. El estudio registró 163 especies de plantas vasculares, de las cuales 48 son nuevos registros a la documentación previa. Al considerar los estudios y reportes realizados en el lugar, la riqueza florística alcanza a 337 especies, de las cuales 72% es de origen nativo, distribuidas en ocho pteridófitos, dos gimnospermas, 229 dicotiledóneas y 98 monocotiledóneas, lo que representa una alta riqueza florística. Sin embargo, la mayor proporción de plantas alóctonas indica también un fuerte grado de perturbación antrópica. Catorce especies presentan problemas de conservación (dos en peligro de extinción, 11 vulnerables y una insuficientemente conocida). La fitosociología total del lugar reporta la presencia de 20 comunidades vegetales, de las cuales 10 son herbáceas, siete de matorral y tres arbóreas; de éstas, 12 ya habían sido descritas en trabajos anteriores, agregando el presente estudio ocho asociaciones nuevas para el lugar. Se propone mantener como áreas restringidas de esta reserva, el sector Los Lirios, que contiene la mayor parte de las especies amenazadas, y el sector Vega del Álamo por la valiosa condición de relicto del bosque higrófilo allí presente

Decolorization of Synthetic Textile Dyes by Fungal Endophytes Isolated from the Leaves of Philippine Mangrove (Avicennia marina)

Textile dyes in wastewater can be harmful pollutants when released into the environment without treatment. Biodegradation of textile dye effluents by different microbes, including fungi, has become popular as an alternative to physicochemical methods. The mangrove Avicennia marina is known to harbor endophytic fungi which have the potential to carry out dye degradation. Therefore, this study assessed the ability to decolorize synthetic dyes of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of A. marina. Of the nine fungal endophytes, Aspergillus niger, Syncephalastrum racemosum and Penicillium citrinum exhibited the highest mycelial growths in solid media, while all endophytes adsorbed Congo red. Through liquid decolorization assay, four isolates decolorized Congo red at greater than 89% decolorization rates. P. citrinum (55.45%), Mycelia sterilia (85.19%), A. flavus (44.91%) showed the highest decolorization rates of Methylene blue, Malachite green and Rhodamine B, respectively. The ligninolytic enzymes produced by the endophytic fungi, laccase exhibited the highest activity with values higher than the positive control

Violencia física, psicológica y sexual en mujeres residentes de un distrito de Lima: Physical, psychological, and sexual violence in women residing in a district of Lima

Objective: To determine the frequency of violence and its associated factors among women residents of the San Juan de Lurigancho district. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 2019. The sample consisted of 250 women obtained by non-probability sampling for convenience. Psychological, physical, and sexual violence was considered. Results: Of the total participants, 50.8% (n=127) and 68.4% (n=171) of women were victims of physical violence and psychological violence respectively, at least once in their lifetime. Of the sample, 8.8% (n=22) were victims of sexual violence at some time in their lives. Physical violence was reported mainly in older women (p=0.015), and in women with primary education (p<0.015). While psychological violence was reported mainly in separated or divorced women (p=0.005), and in those who have an independent job (p=0.006). Women belonging to a single-parent family, with impaired family functionality and low self-esteem, showed a significant association with both physical and psychological violence (p<0.05). The deterioration of family functionality had a significant association with the occurrence of sexual violence (p=0.001). Conclusions: There is a high frequency of psychological and physical violence among women. The factors associated with some type of violence against women were “mature age”, primary education, being divorced or separated, having an independent job, single-parent family, impaired family functionality, and low self-esteem of women. It requires reinforcing preventive measures to protect women's health.    Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de violencia y los factores asociados en las mujeres residentes del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en el año 2019. La muestra estuvo conformada por 250 mujeres obtenidas por muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se consideró la violencia psicológica, física y sexual.  Resultados: Del total de participantes, el 50,8% (n=127) fueron víctimas de violencia física alguna vez en la vida, el 68,4% (n=171) fueron víctimas de violencia psicológica alguna vez en la vida. De las mujeres participantes, el 8,8% (n=22) fue víctima de violencia sexual alguna vez en la vida. La violencia física se reportó principalmente en mujeres de mayor edad (p=0,015) y con educación primaria (p<0,015). Mientras que la violencia psicológica se reportó principalmente en las mujeres separadas o divorciadas (p=0,005), y en aquellas que tienen un trabajo independiente (p=0,006). Las mujeres pertenecientes a la familia monoparental, con funcionalidad familiar deteriorada y con baja autoestima presentaron asociación significativa tanto con la violencia física como psicológica (p<0,05). El deterioro de la funcionalidad  familiar tuvo asociación significativa con la ocurrencia de violencia sexual (p=0,001). Conclusiones: Existe una alta frecuencia de violencia psicológica y física entre las mujeres. Los factores asociados a algún tipo de violencia contra la mujer fueron la “edad madura”, instrucción primaria, ser divorciada o separada, tener trabajo independiente, familia monoparental, funcionalidad familiar deteriorada y autoestima baja de las mujeres. Requiere reforzar las medidas preventivas para proteger la salud de la mujer

Flora and vegetation of the National Reserve Lago Penuelas, Biosphere Reserve, Region of Valparaiso, Chile

The National Reserve Lago Penuelas belongs to the National System of Protected Wild Areas, located in the Region of Valparaiso, Chile. This unit, together with the National Park La Campana, constitutes a Biosphere Reserve. The flora and vegetation of the National Reserve was studied. The study registered 163 species of vascular plants, of which 48 are new records. Considering the studies and previous reports made in situ, the floristic richness reaches 337 species, of which 72% are native; eight of them are pteridophytes, two are gimnospermae, 229 are dicotyledoneae and 98 are monocotyledoneae. This represents a high floristic diversity. Nevertheless, the high proportion of aloctonous plants indicates a relative high degree of anthropic disturbance. Fourteen species have conservation problems (two of them are threatened, eleven are vulnerable and one is data deficient). The total phytosociology of the place reports the presence of 20 plant communities, ten of which are herbaceous, seven scrub and three tree communities; of these, 12 have already been described in previous works, adding the present study eight new associations for the place. It is proposed to keep as restricted areas the sector of Los Lirios, which contains most of the threatened species, and the sector of Vega del Alamo, because of its valuable condition as a relict of the hygrophilous forest present